1 10 500 67 [7,8] 1995 9 ([2]) [cm/s] 1 1 Ω i (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) 1: Geological features and permeability coefficient ([2]) (cm/s) Ω 1 6.72 10 4 Ω 3 1



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Numerical method by use of color digital images and its application to underground water flow through industrial waste in Teshima Island. 1 2 Takako Yoshii 1 and Hideyuki Koshigoe 2 Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University 1 takako-yoshii@graduate.chiba-u.jp, 2 koshigoe@faculty.chiba-u.jp Abstract This article is devoted to the development of a meshless numerical computation method based on the pixel information of digital color image. The solution method combines finite difference approximations. The object is the underground water flow around the waste deposits which were dumped in Teshima Island twenty years ago, contains various heavy metals and pollutes the stratum and groundwater. A mathematical model of the underground water flow is formulated by Darcy s law, the water permeability and transmission conditions on geologic boundary surfaces. This transmission conditions we introduced here mean that the piezometric head and the velocity of the flow on geologic boundary surfaces are equal. A numerical simulation of the flow around the waste deposits will be presented. keywords Digital images Fictitious domain method Finite difference method

1 10 500 67 [7,8] 1995 9 ([2]) [cm/s] 1 1 Ω i (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) 1: Geological features and permeability coefficient ([2]) (cm/s) Ω 1 6.72 10 4 Ω 3 1.30 10 6 Ω 3 1.00 10 6 Ω 2 1.22 10 3 Ω 5 2.23 10 3 Ω 4 5.31 10 5 1 4 1 200m 200m 50m 1: Geological profile

Ω 1 Ω 2 Ω 3 Ω 4 Ω 5, Ω 6 2 2.1 ([5],[6]) 1 (h) Navier-Stokes ; ρ D v Dt = ρ F p + τ (1) ρ p τ v = (u, v, w) F gz (g: z: ) ; F = ( gz) = (0, 0, g). (2) Navier-Stokes 1 2 1 2 h ρ F p = (ρgz + p) (3) ρgh = ρgz + p (4) h = z + p ρg h z p ρg (m) 2 k v s v s = k h (5) 3 Navier-Stokes (1) 3 S o h t = v s (6) ([6]) S o h S o h t = ( k h) = div(k h) (7)

Ω 2 Ω 4 Ω 2 Ω 4 2.2 1mm/ ([2]) (7) (7) h = 0 (8) 1 u i k i (cm/s) 1 u i H 1 (Ω i )(i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) ; u i = 0 in Ω i ( i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ) (9) u i = u j on Ω i Ω j ( i j ) (10) u i u k i = k j j n n on Ω i Ω j ( i j ) (11) u i = h 1 on Γ 1 ( i = 1, 2, 3 ) k i u i n k i u i n u i = h 2 on Γ 2 ( i = 4 ) = 0 on Γ 3 ( i = 4 ) = 0 on Γ 4 ( i = 1, 5 ) (12) Γ 4 Ω 1 Ω 5 Γ 1 Ω 3 10.77m Γ 2 Γ 3 2: Stratum distribution 1 1 2 Ω 1 Ω 2 Ω 3 Ω 4 Ω 5 Ω 6 Ω 6 k 6 1 (12) (Lions [3] [1]) Γ 5 Γ 4 Ω 6 Ω 1 Ω 5 Γ 1 Ω 3 10.77m Γ 2 Γ 3 3: Stratum distribution

Ω i χ Ωi (x, y)(i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6); 1, (x, y) Ω i, χ Ωi (x, y) = 0, k i a(x, y) 6 a(x, y) = i=1 k i χ Ωi (x, y). 2 u H 1 (Ω) ; div( a(x, y) u) = 0 in D (Ω) u = g 1 on Γ 1, u = g 2 on Γ 2 u n = 0 on Γ u 3, n = 0 on Γ 5 D (Ω) ([4]) k 6 3 2 2 ([9]) 2 6 6 3.1 (1) 1 1 1 1 4:1 1:1 3 200m 50m 4: Geological profile (2) 6 Ω 1 Ω 2 Ω 3 Ω 4 Ω 5 Ω 6 2010 510 ( 4) 5: Digital color image of geological profile

(3) 6 ([9],[10]) 2 6 2010 510 0 255 6: Color image to gray image (4) 10 10 1 (5) 1 1, Ω i Ω i 11, 400 Ω 1 21, 900 Ω 2 12, 200 Ω 3 10, 600 Ω 4 19, 200 Ω 5 25, 500 Ω 6 3.2 a(x, y) Ω i a(x, y) ã(x, y) ã(x, y) = 6 i=1 k i χ eωi (x, y) 3.3 2 a(x, y) ã(x, y) 2 3 3 u H 1 (Ω) ; div( ã(x, y) u) = 0 in D (Ω) u = g 1 on Γ 1, u = g 2 on Γ 2 u n = 0 on Γ u 3, n = 0 on Γ 5 3 3.4 7: Geological profile

各地層の透水係数 ki (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) とピエゾ水頭 hi (i = 1, 2) は 次の通りである ([2]) k1 = 6.72 10 6 k2 = 12.2 10 6 k3 = 0.013 10 6 k4 = 0.531 10 6 k5 = 22.3 10 6 および, 仮想領域法でノイマン条件 (12) を近似するために k6 として k6 = 0.00001 10 6 とした また h1 は海と接するピエゾ水頭なので h1 = 0[m] とした h2 はボーリング調査によって観測さ れた花崗岩層のピエゾ水頭で h2 = 10.7[m] である 数値計算はセル上の中心差分を使った有限差分法で数値解 uh を求める その数値解とダルシーの 法則 v = k uh によって速度ベクトルを計算する. その結果を OpenGL で表示したものが次の図 8 である. 図 8: Vector diagram of flow 数値計算結果は 地下水が透水係数の小さい燃え殻や新鮮花崗岩層を迂回し シュレッダーダスト や埋め立て土層中に見られ 海側に向かって流れていることが見られる 3.5 数値計算結果と中間地点ボーリング調査データとの比較 今回の数値計算では 海側から 200m の花崗岩層のピエゾ水頭のデータを境界条件として用いた その計算から得られた数値と公調委の調査データのある花崗岩層の中間地点 海側から 100m, 深さ 22m) におけるピエゾ水頭とを比較すると 調査データのピエゾ水頭 = 3.11m 数値計算のピエゾ水頭 = 3.58m である この結果は 1 つの地層のボーリング調査データから他の地層でのピエゾ水頭の予測に生か せる可能性がある 4 まとめ 今回は 6 つの部分領域が入り組んだ領域における有限差分法について考察した 特に 6 つの部 分領域を 6 色画像として捉え カラーのピクセル情報を援用して デジタル的に領域を近似した そ れ故に 有限差分法と正方格子で計算できることを示した この結果は ボーリング調査の花崗岩層 のピエゾ水頭のデータから他の地層 廃棄物層 埋め立て土層 中の流れのピエゾ水頭も同時に計算 されている 今後は セルの構成方法を更に検討し より汎用的な環境予測のための数値計算法を開 発する

[1] 1989. [2] 1995 9. [3] J.L.Lions, Perturbations Singulieres dans les Problems aux Limites et en Controle Optimal, Lecture Notes n Mathematics 323, Springer-Verlag(1973). [4] 1971. [5] 2002. [6] ( ) 2002. [7] http://www.pref.kagawa.jp/haitai/teshima/project/ panf.pdf [8] 2007.1.31. [9] 3 57 pp.433-434 2008 [10] OpenGL 2007 pp.113-114 2007 [11] 2008 pp.113-114 2008. 2009 10 5