312013 95 Changes and Restructuring of Social Issues of the Urban Underclass Area with Increasing Welfare Needs in Kotobuki, Yokohama Kahoruko YAMAMOTO This paper explains social changes and restructuring of the urban underclass area by examining the case of Kotobuki in Yokohama, Japan. Kotobuki has been known as a day laborers town built in the 1950s; however, more than 80 of its current residents live on social welfare. As Yokohama City has implemented welfare services for people since the 1970s, many in Kotobuki have sought assistance. During the current decade in particular, the number of welfare recipients in the area has risen to the point where the area has become the center of socially vulnerable population. In response, the local government, social welfare council, and nursing care business offices have formed the community welfare system. Within the governmental welfare system, Yokohama created the Community Welfare Health Plan for the area in 2011, as in other areas. This plan provides for residents who are officially recognized as welfare recipients. However, those residents who earn little money and received special, temporary welfare support had their coverage reduced in 2006 and lost it entirely in 2012, causing greater difficulty for the homeless. With an increasing number of welfare recipients, Kotobuki has become known as the town of welfare, making it more difficult for its residents to achieve upward social mobility. Even though the populace s high social mobility had been the area s norm, Kotobuki is now largely a welfare district. 2008, 2010 2008
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312013 101 1 2011 435 6069 60 60 F/C*100 J/C*100 H/C*100 A B C D E F G H I J 1984 5,738 5,653 504 8.9 2,100 37 1985 6,101 5,694 588 10.3 1,861 32.7 1986 88 6,476 5,718 628 11.0 1,723 30.1 1987 89 6,234 6,004 711 11.8 1,710 28.5 1988 85 6,115 5,967 744 12.5 1,729 29.0 1989 85 6,158 6,151 533 780 12.7 1,652 26.9 1990 86 6,349 6,362 814 817 12.8 1,638 25.7 181 2.8 1991 86 6,297 6,334 1,146 920 14.5 1,706 26.9 192 3.0 1992 87 6,328 6,476 1,059 1,056 16.3 1,983 30.6 203 3.1 1993 88 6,205 932 1,382 22.3 2,562 41.3 199 3.2 1994 87 6,133 6,331 1,083 1,650 26.1 3,413 53.9 204 3.2 1995 89 6,460 6,340 651 2,036 32.1 3,893 61.4 237 3.7 1996 92 6,606 6,243 465 2,042 32.7 3,997 64.0 270 4.3 1997 92 6,719 6,401 424 2,219 34.7 4,221 65.9 274 4.3 1998 96 6,968 6,495 377 2,573 39.6 4,537 69.9 287 4.4 1999 102 7,199 6,678 309 2,641 39.5 4,571 68.4 282 4.2 2000 103 7,251 6,429 222 2,808 43.7 4,627 72.0 274 4.3 2001 107 7,440 6,589 223 2,924 44.4 4,594 69.7 282 4.3 2002 107 7,443 6,559 205 3,039 46.3 4,698 71.6 328 5.0 2003 110 7,733 6,279 150 3,215 51.2 4,836 77.0 297 4.7 2004 115 8,194 6,654 92 3,417 51.4 4,913 73.8 374 5.6 2005 118 8,461 6,412 111 3,436 53.6 4,869 75.9 385 6.0 2006 120 8,653 6,461 95 3,528 54.6 4,849 75.1 398 6.2 2007 122 8,685 6,301 73 3,666 58.2 4,893 77.7 384 6.1 2008 121 8,615 6,338 49 3,703 58.4 4,848 76.5 395 6.2 2009 121 8,611 6,517 31 4,170 64.0 5,320 81.6 414 6.4 2010 124 8,818 6,572 49 4,320 65.7 5,230 79.6 453 6.9 2011 123 8,875 6,510 41 4,328 66.5 5,161 79.3 435 6.7 2012
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