26 FMC Wi-Fi A study of seamless Wi-Fi connection translation of incoming call for FMC in premises 1150385 2015 2 6
FMC Wi-Fi FMC Fixed Mobile Convergence FMC Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity Wi-Fi Wi-Fi BS Base Station FMC L2 L3 L2 1 WNIC Wireless Network Interface Controller 2 Wi-Fi BS Wi-Fi BS PMS Premises Management Server PMS Wi-Fi BS MN Mobile Node PMS Wi-Fi BS L3 FHF Fast Hand-overs for FMC in premises MN CN Correspondent Node IP IP HIPS Hand-over IP Management System MN IP i
FMC FMC Wi-Fi WNIC FHF ii
Abstract A study of seamless Wi-Fi connection translation of incoming call for FMC in premises Hiroaki WATANABE The FMC (Fixed Mobile Convergence) which is the fusion of a fixed network and a mobile network is widely used in recent years. The FMC can allow a cellular phone as the operation of a cordless handset of the fixed telephone. The Wi-Fi which provides stable high-speed communication is needed to offer the quality equal to the fixed telephone with a cellular phone. But on changing the connecting Wi-Fi BS (Base Station), there is a problem that the message sound is cut off because seamless hand-over isn t prescribed by the current Wi-Fi. L2 hand-over and L3 hand-over schemes to achieve the FMC in premises which doesn t feel cutting of sound to the communications were described. A dual connection system of L2 hand-over communicates with two Wi-Fi BSs at the same time under one WNIC (Wireless Network Interface Controller). This system makes the hand-over time short due to dual path communicating at the same time and intermittent discontinuity time of the message sound which can be perceived is nothing during the hand-over. PMS (Premises Management Server) is used to reduce the time to search for new Wi-Fi BS. PMS is managing all Wi-Fi BSs in the premises. And the MN (Mobile Node) acquires information on Wi-Fi BS from PMS. FHF (Fast Hand-overs for FMC in premises) in L3 hand-over manages IP addresses of MN and CNs (Correspondent Nodes). When iii
hand-over occurred, MN notifies it to HIPS (Hand-over IP Management System) which manages IP addresses of a new IP address. For the evaluation of proposed hand-over scheme, the achieved possibility of the dual connection system was verified. And, the result shows that this proposing system realizes seamless hand-over. The utility of the FMC in premises without cutting of sound indicates that the seamless hand-over feature is realized within a hand-over alternation less than 50 msec. key words FMC in premises Wi-Fi Hand-over Dual Connection WNIC FHF iv
1 1 1.1................................... 1 1.2 NGN................................. 3 1.3 FMC................................. 3 1.3.1 One Billing.......................... 4 1.3.2 One Phone.......................... 4 1.3.3 One Number......................... 4 1.4 Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity..................... 4 1.5............................. 5 1.6................................... 7 1.7................................. 7 2 8 2.1 L2......................... 8 2.1.1 MISP Mobile Internet Service Protocol............. 8 2.1.2 PDMA Packet Division Multiple Access............ 9 2.1.3..................... 10 2.2 L3......................... 10 2.2.1 Mobile IP............................... 10 2.2.2 HMIPv6 Hierarchical Mobile IPv6)................ 11 2.2.3 FMIPv6 Fast Hand-overs for Mobile IPv6)............ 11 2.2.4 Mobile PPC Peer to Peer Communication)............ 12 2.3 FMC............................... 13 2.3.1 CTP Cordless Telephony Profile)................. 13 v
2.3.2............................. 14 3 FHFDC(Fast Hand-overs for FMC in premises with Dual Connection) 15 3.1...................................... 15 3.2.......................... 15 3.2.1............................ 16 3.2.2......................... 18 3.2.3 PMS Premises Management Server........... 18 3.2.4................ 19 3.2.5................................ 19 3.2.6 IP........................... 20 3.2.7................... 22 3.3 FHF Fast Hand-overs for FMC in premises.............. 22 3.3.1 HIPS Hand-over IP Management System........ 22 3.3.2 FHF.............................. 24 3.4 FHFDC FMC.......................... 24 3.4.1....................... 24 3.4.2 FHFDC....................... 25 3.4.3 FHFDC............................ 26 3.5...................................... 27 4 28 4.1...................................... 28 4.2 Wi-Fi BS........................... 28 4.2.1................................ 28 4.2.2 WEP......................... 30 vi
4.2.3 WPA......................... 31 4.2.4 WPA2........................ 32 4.3...................................... 33 5 34 36 38 vii
1.1.................... 2 1.2 IP............................. 2 1.3 L2................................ 6 1.4 L3................................ 6 2.1 MISP...................... 9 2.2 Mobile IP......................... 11 2.3 Mobile PPC.................... 13 3.1......... 17 3.2 DHCP..................... 21 3.3 FHF.................... 23 3.4 FHFDC........................... 26 4.1.................................... 29 4.2 WEP..................... 30 4.3 WPA..................... 31 4.4 WPA2.................... 32 viii
3.1........................ 25 4.1 WEP............ 30 4.2 WPA............ 31 4.3 WPA2............ 32 ix
1 1.1 1.1) 2004 2013 IP 2004 IP IP 1.2 IP 2009 IP IP NGN Next Generation Network 1
1.1 1.1 1.2 IP 2
1.2 NGN 1.2 NGN NGN [1] ITU-T International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication sector NGN IP NGN IP 3 FMC Fixed Mobile Convergence 1.3 FMC FMC [2] 2005 BT FMC BT Fusion BT Fusion BS Base Station BT Home Hub [3] FMC One Billing 1 One Phone 1 One Number 1 3 3
1.4 Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity 1.3.1 One Billing One Billing 1 [4] 1.3.2 One Phone One Phone 1 [4] FMC 1.3.3 One Number One Number 1 [4] 1.4 Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity FMC 1 LAN Wi-Fi Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11 [5] Wi-Fi Alliance LAN FMC IEEE802.11 4
1.5 1.5 MN Mobile Node BS [6] L2 L3 L2 1.3 L3 1.4 1.3 L2 Wi-Fi BS A MN IP 192.168.0.12 Wi-Fi BS B IP 2 Wi-Fi BS IP IP 1.3 IP 192.168.0.1/24 Router IP 1.4 L3 Wi-Fi BS A MN IP 192.168.0.12 Wi-Fi BS B IP 172.21.0.34 2 Wi-Fi BS IP 1.4 IP 192.168.0.1/24 Router IP 172.21.0.1/26 Router IP 5
1.5 ハンドオーバの概要 図 1.3 L2 ハンドオーバ 図 1.4 L3 ハンドオーバ 6
1.6 1.6 Wi-Fi FMC FMC Wi-Fi MN Wi-Fi BS BS MN Wi-Fi BS W-Fi BS Wi-Fi Wi-Fi 50ms[7] Wi-Fi 1.7 5 Wi-Fi 2 L2 L3 FMC 3 2 FHF Fast Hand-overs for FMC in premises FMC FHFDC Fast Hand-overs for FMC in premises with Dual Connection 4 5 7
2 2.1 L2 L2 Wi-Fi BS Wi-Fi BS break before make L2 make before break L2 2.1.1 MISP Mobile Internet Service Protocol MISP MBA Mobile Broadband Association make before break MISP [8] MISP 2.1 MN Wi-Fi BS Wi-Fi BS 100ms BR Base Router BR [8] 8
2.1 L2 F 2.1 MISP 2.1.2 PDMA Packet Division Multiple Access PDMA CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance [9] PDMA Wi-Fi BS make before break Wi-Fi BS 9
2.2 L3 2.1.3 2 LAN [10] Wi-Fi BS Wi-Fi BS Wi-Fi BS Wi-Fi BS MN 2.2 L3 Wi-Fi BS IP L3 2.2.1 Mobile IP Mobile IP [11] Mobile IP 2.2 Mobile IP IP HA : Home Agent FA : Foreign Agent IP IP [12] Mobile IP Wi-Fi BS Binding 10
2.2 L3 2.2 Mobile IP 2.2.2 HMIPv6 Hierarchical Mobile IPv6) HMIPv6 Binding MN MN HA MAP Mobility Anchor Point [13] MN MAP Wi-Fi BS HA MAP Binding MAP MN Mobile IP 2.2.3 FMIPv6 Fast Hand-overs for Mobile IPv6) FMIPv6 AR Access Router [13] Wi-Fi BS MN 11
2.2 L3 Wi-Fi BS 2.2.4 Mobile PPC Peer to Peer Communication) Mobile PPC IP IP [14] Mobile PPC CIT Connection ID Table CIT IP Binding Update Mobile PPC 2.3 [15] 2.3 MN1 MN2 MN1 IP X0 X1 IP MN1 CU CIT Update MN2 CIT CU Response MN1 CIT Binding Update 12
2.3 FMC 2.3 Mobile PPC 2.3 FMC 2.3.1 CTP Cordless Telephony Profile) CTP Bluetooth Wi-Fi BS [4] ARPU Average Revenue Per User Wi-Fi BS Wi-Fi BS 13
2.3 FMC 2.3.2 [4] MN BS 14
3 FHFDC(Fast Hand-overs for FMC in premises with Dual Connection) 3.1 2 FHF Fast Hand-overs for FMC in premises FMC FHFDC Fast Hand-overs for FMC in premises with Dual Connection 3.2 1 WNIC Wireless Network Interface Controller 2 Wi-Fi BS L2 Wi-Fi BS Probe Request/Response Association Request/Response Authentication Key Message Probe Request/Response Wi-Fi BS MN Wi-Fi BS SSID BSSID Association Request/Response Wi-Fi BS 15
3.2 Authentication Shared Key Message 4-way handshake VoIP L2 50ms 3.2.1 1 WNIC WNIC VWNIC) 2 VoIP VWNIC Data VWNIC D-VWNIC VWNIC Hand-over VWNIC H-VWNIC WNIC 1 VWNIC D-VWNIC H-VWNIC 1 ORT : One Round Trip VWNIC ORT D- VWNIC 3.1 3.1 MN Wi-Fi BS Wi-Fi BS A Wi-Fi BS B MN 2 VWNIC VWNIC Wi-Fi BS A VWNIC Wi-Fi BS B MN PMS(Premises Management Server) Wi-Fi BS BSL Base Station List BSL Solicitation/Advertisement BSL Probe Request/Response Authentication Association Request/Response Key Message Wi-Fi BS A Switching VWNIC VWNIC 16
3.2 3.1 17
3.2 3.2.2 VoIP T d [ms] T d H-VWNIC T d VoIP ORT VoIP T d VWNIC Wi-Fi BS RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication α[dbm] D-VWNIC RSSI α H-VWNIC n + 1 k 3.1 60[dBm] RSSI 3.3 94[dBm] 1Mbps Beacon RSSI RSSI WNIC α = kn 60 [dbm] (3.1) k 0 (3.2) α > 94 (3.3) 3.2.3 PMS Premises Management Server L2 PMS Wi-Fi BS PMS Wi-Fi BS Base Station List BSL MN BSL BSL BSL IP SSID ESSID MN PMS Wi-Fi BS Wi-Fi BS BSL 18
3.2 BSL 3.2.4 VoIP H-VWNIC Wi-Fi BS Beacon Wi-Fi BS MN Probe Wi-Fi BS Wi-Fi BS Wi-Fi BS Beacon 100ms 1.6 50ms Wi-Fi BS Probe 50ms 100ms VoIP Wi-Fi BS VoIP Wi-Fi BS PMS BSL Wi-Fi BS 3.2.5 BSL RSSI Wi-Fi BS WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy L2 WEP [16] 19
3.2 WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access) WPA2 4-wayhandshake 4 Key Message D-VWNIC VoIP H-VWNIC EAP Wi-Fi BS EAPoL EAPoL EAP LEAP, TLS, PEAP ) EAP-MD5 Challenge Request/Response 1 EAP-TLS PEAP TLS Server Hello, Client Hello, Cipher Spec) 20 30 [17] MN Wi-Fi BS 3.2.6 IP IP IP IP Wi-Fi BS IP BOOTP Bootstrap Protocol DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol BOOTP IP BOOTP [18] IP MAC IP BTOOP DHCP DHCP IP IP [19] DHCP 3.2 20
3.2 Wi-Fi BS A VoIP DHCP Server IP D-VWNIC Wi-Fi BS A H-VWNIC DHCP DHCP Discover DHCP Server DHCP Offer DHCP Request DHCP Ack VoIP ORT VoIP 3.2 DHCP 21
3.3 FHF Fast Hand-overs for FMC in premises 3.2.7 MN Wi-Fi BS Wi-Fi BS Wi-Fi BS MN IEEE802.11g Wi-Fi BS n 13 n 3.3 FHF Fast Hand-overs for FMC in premises L3 FHF Fast Hand-overs for FMC in premises MN CN Correspondent Node IP Hand-over IP Management System HIPS L2 MN IP L3 IP CN MN CN IP Hand-over IP Management System HIPS 3.3.1 HIPS Hand-over IP Management System HIPS VoIP MN CN IP MAC Hand-Over Table HOT) HOTU HOT Update HOT HOTU IP HOTU HOT HOTU Request FHF 3.3 CN MN IP MN 22
3.3 FHF Fast Hand-overs for FMC in premises IP HOTU Request HIPS HIPS MN IP CN HOTU Notify CN CN MN MN HIPS HOTU HOTU Response VWNIC L3 3.3 FHF 23
3.4 FHFDC FMC 3.3.2 FHF L3 FHF IPv4 IPv6 IP VoIP L3 MN CN FHF 3.4 FHFDC FMC FHF FHFDC(FHF with Dual Connection) FMC MN MN Wi-Fi FHFDC 3.4.1 VoIP H.323 MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol) SIP Session Initiation Protocol) 3.1 H.323 PSTN IP ITU-T [20] MGCP MG Media Gateway) VoIP SIP [21] IETF Internet Engineering Task Force 24
3.4 FHFDC FMC 3.1 H.323 MGCP SIP ITU-T IETF IETF 1996 1999 1999 VoIP Peer to Peer Master-Slave Peer to Peer FHFDC Wi-Fi BS SIP SIP VoIP G.711 G.711 64kbps PCM Pulse Code Modulation) [21] VoIP 3.4.2 FHFDC FHFDC 3.4 Home Network IP Home Network Neighbor Network CN Home Network Fixed Phone) VoIP IP IP-PBX IP-Private Branch exchange) MN MN FMC Hand-over System Group RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In User Service 25
3.4 FHFDC FMC Server DHCP Server PMS HIPS IP Home Network PMS Wi-Fi BS BSL IP Neighbor Network HIPS HOT CN MN HOTU 3.4 FHFDC 3.4.3 FHFDC FHFDC Wi-Fi BS MN FMC FHFDC 26
3.5 3.5 FHF FHFDC VoIP Wi-Fi BS MN VWNIC FHF HIPS MN CN 2 FHFDC Wi-Fi FMC 27
4 4.1 Wi-Fi BS 4.2 Wi-Fi BS ORT WEP WPA WPA2 4.2.1 Wi-Fi BS MN 20 4.1 Wi-Fi BS MN Apple iphone 6 Wi-Fi BS Buffalo WHR-HP-G Apple MacBook Air Wireshark 28
4.2 Wi-Fi BS 4.1 29
4.2 Wi-Fi BS 4.2.2 WEP WEP Probe Authentication Association 3 Authentication 2ORT 4ORT WEP 4.2 50ms L2 WEP 4.1 WEP 4-way-handshake 4.2 WEP 4.1 WEP Probe Auth 1 Auth 2 Assoc 2.21360 22.49800 0.96265 1.49525 0.04197 1.00134 0.43420 0.66260 30
4.2 Wi-Fi BS 4.2.3 WPA WPA Probe Authentication Association Key Message Key Group Message 5 Key Message 2ORT 6ORT WPA 4.3 WPA 67ms WPA 4.2 ORT 50ms ORT Authentication 2σ 23ms 4.3 WPA 4.2 WPA Probe Auth Assoc KM 1 KM 2 KMG 2.47305 21.47895 1.45950 2.31070 1.89445 2.26960 0.32587 2.13043 0.72929 0.13053 0.45779 0.49611 31
4.2 Wi-Fi BS 4.2.4 WPA2 WPA2 Probe Authentication Association Key Message 4 Key Message 2ORT 5ORT WPA2 4.4 WPA2 59ms WPA2 4.3 ORT 50ms ORT Authentication 2σ 24ms 4.4 WPA2 4.3 WPA2 Probe Auth Assoc KM 1 KM 2 2.48465 22.14330 1.22605 2.46900 2.17445 0.48340 2.81407 0.01414 0.55671 0.10949 32
4.3 4.3 Wi-Fi BS 50ms WPA2 33
5 FMC FHFDC FHFDC FHF 1 WNIC 2 VWNIC 2 Wi-Fi BS Wi-Fi BS Wi-Fi BS PMS Wi-Fi BS BSL BSL Wi-Fi BS SSID MN BSL FHF HIPS MN CN IP HIPS MN CN HOT IP HOTU HOTU HOTU FHFDC PMS HIPS L2 L3 IP-PBX SIP G.711 Wi-Fi BS 34
50ms 50ms MN MN FHFDC FMC L2 FHF L3 IPTV Wi-Fi Wi-Fi 35
4 3 1 2 IoN 4 2 1 3 36
37
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