xiii xix xxi 1 Web L A TEX 1 1.1 World Wide Web........... 3 1.1.1 HTTP... 5 1.1.2 URL URI... 6 1.1.3... 7 1.2 Web L A TEX... 13 1.2.1... 15 1.2.2 DVI... 17 1.2.3 PDF... 19 1.2.4 HTML... 19 1.2.5 Java... 23 1.2.6 L A TEX... 25 1.3... 26 1.4... 27 2 PDF 29 2.1 PDF... 30
vi 2.2 TEX PDF... 32 2.2.1 PDF... 32 2.2.2... 34 2.2.3 PDF... 39 2.3 L A TEX PDF hyperref... 42 2.3.1 hyperref... 43 2.3.2 hyperref... 45 2.3.3... 52 2.3.4 Acrobat... 55 2.3.5... 56 2.3.6 PDF HTML... 58 2.3.7 PDF... 68 2.3.8... 72 2.4 TEX PDF... 78 2.4.1 pdftex... 79 2.4.2... 87 2.4.3... 95 3 L A TEX2HTML 97 3.1... 98 3.1.1 L A TEX2HTML... 98 3.1.2 Web... 99 3.2... 101 3.2.1 L A TEX L A TEX2HTML... 103 3.2.2... 110 3.2.3... 116 3.2.4 L A TEX... 118 3.3 L A TEX2HTML... 120 3.3.1 L A TEX2HTML... 121 3.3.2 math... 125 3.3.3 Unicode... 128 3.3.4 HTML 4.0... 130 3.3.5 HTML 2.0............. 133 3.3.6 MathML... 135 3.4... 136
vii 3.4.1... 138 3.4.2... 139 3.4.3 babel... 141 3.4.4... 142 3.4.5... 142 3.5 html L A TEX... 147 3.5.1... 149 3.5.2 HTML... 152 3.5.3... 156 3.5.4... 160 3.5.5 HTML... 162 3.5.6... 166 3.5.7... 169 3.6... 181 4 TEX4ht L A TEX HTML 183 4.1 TEX4ht... 184 4.1.1... 184 4.1.2... 188 4.2... 190 4.3... 194 4.3.1... 194 4.3.2... 196 4.3.3... 196 4.3.4... 197 4.4 TEX4ht... 199 4.4.1 L A TEX DVI... 199 4.4.2 DVI HTML... 200 4.4.3... 200 4.5 TEX4ht... 201 4.5.1... 201 4.5.2... 204 4.5.3... 206 4.5.4... 210 4.5.5... 210
viii 4.5.6... 211 4.5.7... 212 4.5.8... 214 4.6 TEX4ht... 217 4.6.1... 217 4.6.2 L A TEX... 218 4.6.3 tex4ht... 219 4.6.4 t4ht... 221 4.6.5 DVI GIF... 222 4.6.6 lg... 222 4.6.7... 223 4.6.8... 227 4.7... 228 5 Web L A TEX 229 5.1 techexplorer... 230 5.1.1... 233 5.1.2 techexplorer...... 236 5.1.3... 240 5.1.4... 245 5.1.5... 246 5.1.6... 249 5.1.7... 253 5.1.8... 256 5.1.9... 258 5.1.10... 259 5.1.11 techexplorer... 260 5.1.12 techexplorer... 261 5.1.13 techexplorer... 262 5.1.14 Java JavaScript... 262 5.2 WebEQ... 264 5.2.1 WebTEX... 265 5.2.2... 269 5.2.3 WebEQ APPLET... 270 5.2.4 WebEQ Wizard HTML... 273 5.3... 275
ix 5.3.1... 275 5.3.2... 277 6 HTML/SGML/XML 3 281 6.1 HTML Web... 281 6.2 HTML 4... 284 6.2.1 HTML 4... 284 6.2.2 HTML 4... 286 6.3 SGML... 286 6.3.1... 287 6.3.2... 289 6.3.3 SGML HTML/XML... 290 6.4... 292 6.4.1 XML... 293 6.4.2 XML... 296 6.4.3... 300 6.5 XML... 302 6.5.1 XML... 303 6.5.2 XML... 304 6.5.3 XML... 304 6.5.4... 306 6.5.5... 318 6.6 XML... 319 6.6.1 emacs psgml....... 320 6.6.2 perlsgml... 325 6.6.3 DTDParse... 326 6.6.4 XML... 326 6.6.5 XML... 331 6.7... 339 7 CSS/DSSSL/XSL 341 7.1... 341 7.2... 344 7.3 Perl... 345 7.3.1... 345 7.3.2 L A TEX... 347 7.4... 350
x 7.4.1 CSS... 351 7.4.2... 356 7.4.3 CSS... 356 7.4.4 XML CSS... 360 7.4.5 invitation... 364 7.4.6 HTML... 365 7.5 DSSSL... 366 7.5.1 DSSSL... 367 7.5.2 DSSSL... 369 7.5.3 Jade... 373 7.5.4 Jade TEX JadeTEX... 381 7.5.5 Jade SGML... 387 7.5.6 DSSSL... 392 7.6... 394 7.6.1 XPath XML... 394 7.6.2 XSL... 401 7.6.3... 408 7.6.4 XSL... 409 7.6.5 XSL HTML L A TEX... 410 7.6.6 XSL... 415 7.6.7 XML XSL... 420 7.7... 426 8 MathML 429 8.1 MathML... 430 8.1.1 MathML UNICODE XML... 433 8.2 MathML... 436 8.2.1... 436 8.2.2 MathML Web... 440 8.2.3 L A TEX MathML... 442 8.2.4 MathML... 451 8.3... 453 A 455 A.1 L A TEX XML... 455 A.1.1 L A TEX... 455 A.1.2 XML L A TEX... 457
xi A.1.3 XML... 460 A.2 techexplorer... 463 A.2.1 teched.html... 463 A.2.2 teched.java... 463 B 467 B.1 HyperTEX... 467 B.2 XML TEX4ht... 468 B.2.1 TEX4ht... 469 B.2.2 XML... 472 B.2.3... 475 B.3 XML... 480 B.4 DTD... 482 B.4.1 DocBook DTD... 482 B.4.2 AAP ISO 12083.... 484 B.4.3... 485 B.4.4 BIBTEX DTD... 486 B.4.5 L A TEX DTD... 499 B.5 HTML XML... 518 B.5.1 XML HTML... 519 B.5.2... 521 B.6 Java... 527 B.6.1 SAX Java... 527 B.6.2 SAX... 529 C 535 C.1... 535 C.2 Unicode... 546 C.2.1... 549 C.2.2 Unicode ISO/IEC 10646-1.... 549 C.2.3 UTF-8 UTF-16... 551 C.3 XML... 552 C.3.1 Latin... 553 C.3.2 UTF-8 Latin 556 563 URL 575
CHAPTER1 Web L A TEX World Wide Web WWW Web HTML HTML XML L A TEX Web * * * WWW 1998 1 27 Bill Clinton [ SOTU98] World Wide Web
2 1 Web L A TEX 1 1999 1 19 Bill Clinton [ SOTU99] Web Web Web URL Web Web 1
1.1 World Wide Web 3 Web Web Web Web W3C World Wide Web Consortium W3C TEX/L A TEX Web L A TEX Web TEX Web 1.1 World Wide Web 1990 1990 CERN [ CERN] WWW Web 1969 Arpanet TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TCP/IP
4 1 Web L A TEX Tanenbaum (1996) 1988 TCP/IP 1980 E ftp telnet CERN 1989 TCP/IP WWW Tim Berners-Lee Macintosh NeXT 2 Macintosh 1990 Tim Berners-Lee Robert Cailliau 1 WWW 3 2 1. HTTP Hypertext Transport Protocol WWW 1.1.1 2. URL Universal Resource Locator 1.1.2 3. HTML Hypertext Markup Language 1.1.3 1990 NeXT Web CERN URL WWW 1 Hypercard Macintosh Hypertalk 2 Web [ WEBHIST] [ RAGHIST]
1.1 World Wide Web 5 1990 6 Web CERN Computer Newsletter 204 1991 12 Web 10 1 Web 1993 Marc Andreessen Mosaic 1994 5 Web WWW CERN CERN WWW W3C World Wide Web Consortium [ W3C] Netscape Communications Microsoft Web E URL 1.1.1 HTTP HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol Web HTTP/0.9 1990 Tim Berners-Lee CERN World Wide Web 1996 HTTP/1.0 MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension [ RFC2045] 1997 1 HTTP/1.1 [ HTTPRFC] HTTP/1.1 URI Uniform Resource Identifier
6 1 Web L A TEX / WWW HTTP HTTP IETF Internet Engineering Task Force [ IETF] HTTP HTTP [ HTTPNG] 1.1.2 URL URI URL Uniform Resouce Locator Web URL 1990 CERN [ RFC1738] URL [ RFC1630] Web URI Universal Resource Identifier [ RFC2396] URL URI URN Uniform Resource Name URN URN [ RFC2141] URI :// [: ]/ / [# ]
1.1 World Wide Web 7 HTTP http://info.internet.isi.edu:80/in-notes/rfc/files/rfc1630.txt http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/topics.html#entities file:///d:\lark\lark.html file:/afs/cern.ch/user/g/goossens/hagel.html ftp telnet ftp://ftp.jclark.com/pub/xml/xt.zip telnet://mycomputer.cern.ch 1.1.3 HTML Web 1995 SGML Document Type Definition 6.3.3 [ RFC1866] HTML 2 [ RAGHTML] HTML 4 6.2 XML B.5 518 [ HTMLINXML] HTML 1.1 HTML HTML
8 1 Web L A TEX 1.1: HTML HTML <html> <head> <title>...</title> <meta>...</meta> </head> <body>...</body> </html> <p> <pre>...</pre> <h1>...</h1> <h2>...</h2> 2 <h3>...</h3> 3 <h4>...</h4> 4 <h5>...</h5> 5 <h6>...</h6> 6 <em>...</em> <code>...</code> <samp>...</samp> <kbd>...</kbd> <var>...</var> <cite>...</cite> <b>...</b> bold <i>...</i> italic <u>...</u> <tt>...</tt> typewriter <dl> <ul> <ol> <dt> <dd> <li> <li> </dl> </ul> </ol> <a name="anchor_name">...</a> <a href="#anchor_name">...</a> <a href="uri#anchor_name">...</a> <img src="uri">...</img>
1.1 World Wide Web 9 1.1.3.1 HTML HTML <TITLE>The simplest HTML example</title> <H1>A level one heading</h1> <P>Welcome to the world of HTML! <P>Let s have a second paragraph. HTML Web <TITLE> </TITLE> <H1> </H1> <P> HTML 3 < > <H1> </H1> / <H1> </H1> <P> 6 HTML <title> <TITLE> <TiTlE> 1.1.3.2 HTML 1 <title> </title> 3 SGML 6
10 1 Web L A TEX HTML 6 6 1 <H1> <Hy> </Hy> y 1 6 1.1.3.3 HTML 3 <UL> <LI> <LI> </UL> 2 HTML <UL> <LI>apples <LI>bananas </UL> apples bananas 7 <UL> <OL> <LI>
1.1 World Wide Web 11 3 HTML <OL> <LI>oranges <LI>peaches <LI>grapes </OL> 1. oranges 2. peaches 3. grapes 1 <DT> <DD> 3 HTML <DL> <DT>URI <DD>Universal Resource Identifier <DT>URL <DD>Universal Resource Locator <DT>URN</DT> <DD>Universal Resource Name</DD> </DL> URI Universal Resource Identifier URL Universal Resource Locator URN Universal Resource Name <DT> <DD> 1.1.3.4 HTML HTML <A> A B B <A NAME="myname"> </A>...
12 1 Web L A TEX A <A HREF="documentB.html#myname"> </A> A B 1.1.3.5 GIF PNG JPEG <IMG> 6.2.1 HTML4 <OBJECT> mypict.gif GIF <IMG SRC="mypict.gif"> <OBJECT DATA="mypict.gif" TYPE="image/gif"> SRC DATA URI URI <A HREF="http://host/path/mypict.gif"> </A> 1.1.3.6 HTML ASCII < > & 4 4 SGML 6.5.4.3
1.2 Web L A TEX 13 3 < > & 1 Latin 1 ISO8859-1 ö ñ È o ö n ñ E È 1.2 Web L A TEX Web Web L A TEX HTML L A TEX 2 1.2 L A TEX HTML L A TEX Web PDF PostScript NIST Digital Library of Mathematial Functions Handbook of Mathematical Functions Abramowitz and Stegun (1972) VRML 5 [ NISTHMF] 1.1 Airy 5 1994 5 CERN Web 1 3 [ WEB3D] ISO/IEC 14772 1997ISO/IEC:14772-1 (1998)
14 1 Web L A TEX (a) (c) (b) (d) 1.1: Web (a)airy (b) Airy (c)airy 3D (d) (c) HTML VRML
1.2 Web L A TEX 15 1.2: HTML L A TEX HTML L A TEX 1 <H1>text</H1> \chapter{text} 2 <H2>text</H2> \section{text} 3 <H3>text</H3> \subsection{text} 4 <H4>text</H4> \subsubsection{text} 5 <H5>text</H5> \paragraph{text} 6 <H6>text</H6> \subparagraph{text} <P> \par <EM>text</EM> \emph{text} <B>text</B> \textbf{text} \mathbf{text} <TT>text</TT> \texttt{text} \mathtt{text} <OL>...</OL> \begin{enumerate}...\end{enumerate} <UL>...</UL> \begin{itemize}...\end{itemize} <LI>text \item text <DL>...</DL> \begin{description}...\end{description} <DT>term \item[term] <DD>text text e.g., é é \ e e.g., ü ü \"u <BR> \newline 1.2.1 1.2 Web L A TEX L A TEX TEX DVI DVI dvips PostScript PostScript pdftex L A TEX PDF DVI PostScript Adobe Systems Acrobat Distiller PostScript PDF dvipdfm DVI PDF PDF Web PDF
16 1 Web L A TEX L A TEX TEX L2X (LaTeX XML X2L (XML LaTeX XML DTD X2H (XML HTML (HTML XML DVIPS DVI DVIPDF PDFTEX CSS L2H (LaTeX HTML XSL HTML CSS PS PDF Web 1.2: Web L A TEX HTML 6 XML DTD L A TEX HTML XML 1.2 L2H L2X X2H XML HTML Web CSS DSSSL XSL 7 XML HTML L A TEX TEX 1.2 X2L
1.2 Web L A TEX 17 3 Vavilov theory Vavilov[5] derived a more accurate straggling distribution by introducing the kinematic limit on the maximum transferable energy in a single collision, rather than using E max =. Now we can write[2]: f (ɛ, δs) = 1 ξ φ ( v λv,κ,β 2) where and c+i ( φ v λv,κ,β 2) 1 = φ (s) e λs ds c 0 2πi c i φ (s) = exp [ κ(1 + β 2 γ) ] exp [ψ (s)], ψ (s) = s ln κ +(s + β 2 κ) [ln(s/κ)+e 1 (s/κ)] κe s/κ, E 1 (z) = t 1 e t dt (the exponential integral) λ v = z [ ] ɛ ɛ κ γ β 2 ξ The Vavilov parameters are simply related to the Landau parameter by λ L = λ v /κ ln κ. It can be shown that as κ 0, the distribution of the variable λ L approaches that of Landau. For κ 0.01 the two distributions are already practically identical. Contrary to what many textbooks report, the Vavilov distribution does not approximate the Landau distribution for small κ, but rather the distribution of λ L defined above tends to the distribution of the true λ from the Landau density function. Thus the routine GVAVIV samples the variable λ L rather than λ v.forκ 10 the Vavilov distribution tends to a Gaussian distribution (see next section). 1.3: L A TEX XML L A TEX 1.3 L A TEX A.1 1.2.2 DVI TEX Carr et al. (1991) \special DVI DVI
18 1 Web L A TEX 1.4: xdvi DVI 1.5: dviwindo DVI hyperref 2.3 \special B.1 DVI 1.4 1.5 1.6 Linux xdvi[ XDVI] Windows dviwindo[ YANDY] dviout[ DVIOUT] URL Web DVI DVI 1.2.6
1.2 Web L A TEX 19 1.6: dviout DVI 1.2.3 PDF 1 DVI dvipdfm pdftex PDF Distiller PostScript PDF Acrobat PDF 1.7 1 L A TEX L A TEX PDF Acrobat Web Acrobat URL 2 1.8 1.2.4 HTML L A TEX L A TEX2HTML 3 TEX4ht 4 HTML 1.9
20 1 Web L A TEX 1.7: PDF Acrobat 1.8: PDF
1.2 Web L A TEX 21 1.9: HTML L A TEX / Web GIF PNG HTML 1
22 1 Web L A TEX 1.10: Symbol HTML L A TEX L A TEX HTML Ian Hutchinson TtH[ TTH] [ TEX2HTML] Symbol Symbol L A TEX HTML 1.10 TtH L A TEX HTML Symbol L A TEX
1.2 Web L A TEX 23 Unicode 8 L A TEX HTML TEX MicroPress VTEX [ TEXPIDER] TEX HTML 1.2.5 Java techexplorer Web L A TEX techexplorer L A TEX 1.11 5 L A TEX L A TEX techexplorer MathML MathML 1.12 Java WebEQ[ WEBEQ] MathML Java 30 Java L A TEX WebTEX
24 1 Web L A TEX 1.11: techexplorer 1.12: MathML HTML
1.2 Web L A TEX 25 1.2.6 L A TEX Web TEX B.1 \special HyperTEX 1. Otfried Cheong Hyperlatex[ HYPERLTX] L A TEX HTML L A TEX HTML 2. Garth Dickie idvi Java DVI HyperTEX \special Web Web DVI 3. Kasper Peeter ndvi[ NDVI] HyperTEX DVI 4. Russell Quoung ltoh Perl L A TEX HTML 5. T. V. Raman Aster[ ASTER] Web TEX
26 1 Web L A TEX 1.3 L A TEX TtH HTML XML TEX4ht L A TEX2HTML Perl MicroPress VTEX MathML 1 L A TEX XML Unicode PDF 1 Web DVI 1 1 Web Web Web Accessibility Initiative [ WAI] Web L A TEX Web Java L A TEX2HTML techexplorer hyperref
1.4 27 L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX \ref \cite hyperref TEX hyperref DVI HyperTEX hyperref DVI L A TEX L A TEX Web 1 1.4 Web 2 XML Java L A TEX L A TEX MathML TEX PDF
28 1 Web L A TEX L A TEX XML L A TEX PDF HTML XML Web L A TEX Web