G H 1913 35
2 2006 1903 1904 1916 1905 1908 Mrs. Louisa Nistrom Hamilton 1989 65-66 1906 1995 1911 9 1912 12 36
1913 1 1914 12 1913. 1 1920 1 7 1913 1 1911 Havelock Ellis 3 4 1914 1 1915 10 1913 5 1915 7 1916 2 37
2 2006 1913 12 1998 1915 11 1916 6 1918 6 1922 7 1919 5 1923 5 1916 6 1918 9 1920 1 1918 1903 1911 1900 Barnets arhundrade 38
1973 21 8 ( 1999 128-131 ) 1994 206 1904 1911 11 39
2 2006 1914 9 1914 9 1917. 1 1983 1971 492 1983 1984 1915.10 40
1920 358 What this freedom would abolish is only lifelong slavery. Key 1911, 311 1991 1992 1998 362-383 1915 12 1917 9 1915 1991 1 1999 135 Key 1914, 160-161 Key 1914, 151 41
2 2006 1919 1983 1994 May Tennant 1919 5 1 2 2 1919 133-134 Key 1916, 246, 252 1918 199-200 1994 2002 132 42
1997 1998 2000 1999 133 1923 55 1915 36-37 1923 112 1995 43
2 2006 1915 146-147 Key 1911, 322-323 motherhood 1915 56-61 1919 112-113 1998 1915 203 Key 1911, 199 1915 231-233 1923 219-220 Key 1914, 160-161 44
2 2004 121-164 2003 1920 1995 1923 379, 386, 400 1919 89-103 241-269 1997 45
2 2006 1 1984 2 1914 1971 489-490 1992.3 503 2003 2 1984 2004 1999 1989 1918 1920 1973 1979 1983 1 1995 2 42 1998 9 1994 2 1997.11 8 6 1998.3 124 2000.11 9 2 1991.7 26 1913 3 1 1913. 1. 1 2 1913. 2.1 3 1913. 3. 1 4 1913. 4. 1 6 1913. 6. 1 7 1913. 7. 1 8 1913. 8. 1 46
9 1913. 9. 1 10 1913. 10. 1 4 5 1914. 5. 1 6 1914. 6. 1 7 1914. 7. 1 8 1914. 8. 1 9 1914. 10. 1 11 1914. 12. 1 1915.9.1 5 8 1915.10.1 5 9 1917.1.4 1919.1 1919 1971 1983 2 1915 1919 1923 1994 4 2002 1994 Key, Ellen. 1911. Love and Marriage. translated by Arthur G. Chater. New York and London: G.P.Putnam s Sons. 1914. The Renaissance of Motherhood. translated by Anna E.B.Fries. New York and London: G.P.Putnam s Sons. 1916. War, Peace, and the Future. translated by Hildegard Norberg. New York and London: G.P.Putnam s Sons. 47
2 2006 The Formation of Hiratsuka Raicho s Thought: A Discussion of the Influence of Ellen Key s Ideas on Hiratsuka Raicho and Honma Hisao HIROSE Reiko In Japan, the expression New Women is often applied to those women who published the magazine Seito. The women, including Hiratsuka Raicho, wanted to improve the lot of Japanese women, and they criticized the good wife, wise mother ideal taught at girls schools at the time, an ideal which effectively relegated all females to the status of servants. Among the women, Hiratsuka Raicho s contribution stands out. She identified the marriage system as a woman s life-long subjection to a husband s power. She pioneered and advocated what came to be known as partnership life, in which a woman would never have to depend on her partner, and Raicho dared to become a single mother. It has been pointed out that Raicho s courageous behavior was influenced by the works of the early feminist Ellen Key. Key s ideas were initially introduced to Japan at the end of the Meiji era. Raicho read some early works as soon as they became available, and she started to translate Love and Marriage in 1913. It took some two years to complete the translation. At the same time, she physically took up partnership life. In 1919, she further translated and published The Renaissance of Motherhood. Perhaps surprisingly, a Japanese man, Honma Hisao, was also active in translating and introducing Ellen Key s works during the same period. Initially appearing in the liberal period of Taisho Democracy, Ellen Key s thoughts were welcomed not only by women but also by men. However, it is debatable whether or not Ellen Key s ideas were really understood and accepted in the same way that Raicho embraced them as a guiding compass in her life. In this paper, we will try to clearly define the characteristic differences concerning the understanding of western women s liberation as it was interpreted by both Hiratsuka Raicho and Honma Hisao. 48