Queens College Japanese 204, Spring 2012 1 (package) air mail (surface mail) (express parcel service, such as UPS, Fedex etc. in the US) (fast, early) (slow) (post office) (letter) (postcard) (it takes money) (it takes time) Q1: (method) Q2: Q3: Q4: Q5: (bank) (bank account) (deposit) (to deposit) (to open an account) (to withdraw money) (money savings) (driver s license) Q1: (your own) Q2: (e.g. etc.) Q3: (other than banks) (eg.) Q4: Q5 (e.g. )
Queens College Japanese 204, Spring 2012 2 I. Expressing unacceptable actions or situations ( must not ~ ) -form + (formal) (casual) Dictionary form Copula verbs -adjectives -adjectives Irregular verbs -verbs -verbs 1 Make must not~ sentences with the following words using all of the four different forms indicated in the above chart: * To make your speech more polite, end a sentence with, or use instead of : e.g. () ()
Queens College Japanese 204, Spring 2012 3 2 Make must not~ sentences with the following expressions using all of the four different forms, but be polite (i.e. use and ) ( to turn in a composition late) (to be late for class) (to drive a car) (to speak loudly) (to close the door) (to lock the door) (to take off shoes) (student ID card) (to forget to bring a term paper) (the grades are poor, to have bad grades) (to change sections) (to enter the room without knocking on the door) (to keep a pet) (to stay up late)
Queens College Japanese 204, Spring 2012 4 (question) (answer) Q: (Can t I smoke here?) A(no): (No, you must not (smoke).) A(yes): (Yes, you may (smoke).) *Note that you say or in Japanese while you say No in English; you say in Japanese while you say Yes in English. You can think of these Japanese expressions as saying, Yes, that is right/correct that you cannot smoke here or No, that is NOT right/correct that you cannot smoke here. Use the expressions in 2 and ask your partner if those actions are not permitted. 4 Use the expressions in and ask your partner if those actions are permitted. e.g. Q: A(yes): A(no): Indicating both the acceptable and the non-acceptable things in one sentence e.g. 5 Follow the example above and make sentences that indicate both the acceptable and non-acceptable things: Acceptable Not Acceptable
Queens College Japanese 204, Spring 2012 5 II-A. Expressing obligations and social expectations ( must~ ) Negative stem + *In polite speech, use Dictionary form Negative stem Negative stem + Copula verbs -adjectives -adjectives Irregular verbs -verbs -verbs 6 Make must~ sentences using the following expressions. Practice all the different must~ expressions in Japanese, which means you have to say in 8 different ways! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. (the grades are good, to have good grades) (to bow) (to shake hands) (to lock the door)
Queens College Japanese 204, Spring 2012 6 (to knock on the door) (to take off shoes) (to speak loudly) (to get a driver s license) (to sign) (to save money) (to write a composition) (to take an exam) to open a bank account to pay tuition (to send by surface mail) (to close the door) Ask questions Must I~? to your partner using the expressions in 6. Use any one of the 8 expressions that you practiced in 6. e.g. II-B. Expressing the acceptability of an action or state ( do not have to~ ) The negative stem + *In polite speech, use (the expressions are very polite) e.g. 8 Your teacher will ask you Must I~? questions using the expressions in 6. Tell your teacher, No, you don t have to~ using any one of the 3 expressions. e.g.
Queens College Japanese 204, Spring 2012 7 *The negative stem + by itself means something does not have to exist or one does no have to have something: e.g. {} (You don t have to have your passport.) 9 Ask your partner if you need to have the following things: e.g. (textbook) p.203 Look at the chart and answer the following questions: August 25 August 30 September 1 September 14 September 21 October 30 November 30 December 5 December 8-14 On-campus registration Class begins Last day to add a course or to change sections Last day to pay tuition without penalty Last day to drop a course Last day to submit a graduation request Class ends Final examinations (course registration) (= to change) to graduate(application form) (tuition) = to pay to drop (final examinations)
Queens College Japanese 204, Spring 2012 8 10 Compose a sentence in the form e.g. III. Expressing the performance of two actions simultaneously ( to do ~ while doing ~ ) verb stem + * expresses an action that occurs simultaneously with another action, but subordinate to that action. e.g. (to watch TV while studying) subordinate activity main activity *The actions in the clause and in the main clause must be performed by the same person. e.g. If you want to say, Yamada was watching TV while Tanaka was studying, then you can say: Dictionary form stem stem + form Irregular verb -verb -verb 11 Make to do ~ while doing ~ sentences using the following expressions: Subordinate activity Main activity Subordinate activity Main activity
Queens College Japanese 204, Spring 2012 9 12 What kind of activities do you often do simultaneously? IV-A. Listing actions and states The plain form + e.g. * is preceded by the plain form of adjectives, verbs, or copulas, which can be in the affirmative, negative, present tense, or past tense: -adjectives -adjectives Copula verbs Verbs * lists two or more mutually compatible states or facts. It can be used to list characteristics or factors that lead to a result or conclusion. * The use of is similar in some respects to the -form, but conveys more of a sense of making a list than does ~. The -form can be used to connect states, and also to express a chronological sequence leading to a conclusion, while the use of suggests states which are being listed in no particular order. 13 Compose sentences using.
Queens College Japanese 204, Spring 2012 10 IV-B. Implying a reason the plain form + e.g. We don t have time today, so let s do it tomorrow. I forgot the homework, and it s kind of late, so I m not going to class today. This is a good school, but the tuition is high, so it s tough. I prefer a spacious place and want to have a pet, so a house would be better than an apartment. But I don t have much money now, so * can be used to imply a reason, instead of explicitly stating one. This is demonstrated in the example sentences above. This usage is more indirect than or. It s raining, so I ll stay home today. (indirect) Since it s raining, I ll stay home today. (direct) *The particle often appears with to reinforce the meaning of. It does not change the essential meaning. It is raining, so I ll stay home today. (stronger) 14 Combine the following sentences using ~. e.g.
Queens College Japanese 204, Spring 2012 11 (preparation) 15 Answer the following questions by making up some reasons. Note that the exchanges will be in casual conversational forms. e.g. V. Expressing conditions originated by others e.g. If you are going to send a small package, an express parcel service is better than the postal service. If you are going to open an account, you must have an alien registration card and a personal stamp.
Queens College Japanese 204, Spring 2012 12 If you don t have your license, you can t rent a car. If they are cheap, I will buy. Where is a mailbox? If (you are talking about) a mailbox, there is one over there. -adjectives -adjectives Copula verbs Verbs if it is the case that or since you: are good at are not good at were good at were not good at if it is the case that or since it: is cold is not cold was cold was not cold if it is the case that or since you: are sick are sick were sick were not sick if it is the case that or since you: are coming are not coming came did not come
Queens College Japanese 204, Spring 2012 13 16 Look at the charts and compose sentences with Yamada s condition Your response/advice Sleepy s Fedex Condition of various things Your response 17 Translate the following sentences into Japanese: 1. If (you are talking about, you are looking for, etc.) professor McClure, he is in his office. 2. If it does not rain tomorrow, I will play tennis. 3. If you do not know how to make a cake, shall I make one? 4. If you cannot play tennis, I will teach you. 5. If you have a cold, you should not go to school.