Title < 特 集 論 文 > やっとホントの 顔 を 見 せてくれたね! : 日 本 人 セックスワーカーに 見 る 肉 体 感 情 官 能 をめぐる 労 働 について Author(s) 田 中, 雅 一 Citation コンタクト ゾーン = Contact zone (2014), 6: Issue Date 2014-03-31 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/198486 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University
Contact Zone 2013! 030 1970 TANAKA Masakazu
! I sex worker emotional labor 2000(1983) 2000:7 2 1 1 031
032 1 2000:218-20 erotic labor 1 3 2 3 1 4 2 3 5 2009 1 2 3 11 3 2 5 20 30 30 80 2011 6 12 10 3 II 1 1978 2 1 & 2004(2000): 144-145 2 Women Against Violence in Pornography and Media Leigh 1997 1997 emotional work sex work sex labor sex work
! (worker) 3 3 4 1 2 3 1 3 1 2 3 1 1 033 3 1962: 80-81 4 Chapkis 1997
3 3 3 5 034 2 6-1 3 7 3 Hoang 2010, 2011 1 2 3 2 3 1 20 5 2009 6 2001 2007; 1997 1995 2007 7 Chapkis 1997; Kempadoo & Doezema 1998; O Neill 2001
! 2 3 3 Hoang 2010:267 3 8 3 1 2 Sanders 2005 Abel 2011 035 8 1 & 2004(2000): 142
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! 2 1 7 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 041 1 8
3 10 042 9 10 burnout Vanwesenbeeck 2005
! 10 9 2 10 11 1 043 12 1 2 1
13 24 044 13 1 30 5 14
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46 2012 6 23 1 2012 10 27 2013 5 24 SEX 2011-2013 5 056 1995 2 2007 10: 329-337 2009 35:57-79 2007 1962(1950) 1997 2010 2011 pp.115-140 1997 R. 2000(1983) 2001?
! 2004(2000) pp.126-146 Abel, Gillian M. 2011 Different Stage, Different Performance: The Protective Strategy of Role Play on Emotional Health in Sex Work. Social Science & Medicine 72(7): 1177-1184. Chapkis, Wendy 1997 Live Sex Acts: Women Performing Erotic Labor. London: Routledge. Chen Mei-hua 2008 Sex and Work in Sex Work: Negotiating Intimacy and Commercial Sex among Taiwanese Sex Workers. In Stevi Jackson and Liu Jieyu with Woo Juhyun eds. East Asian Sexualities: Modernity, Gender and New Sexual Cultures, London: Zed Books, pp. 104-122. Hoang, Kimberly Kay 2010 Economies of Emotion, Familiarity, Fantasy, and Desire: Emotional Labor in Ho Chi Minh City s Sex Industry. Sexualities 13:255-272. 2011 She s Not a Low-Class Dirty Girl! : Sex Work in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 40(4): 367-396. Kempadoo, Kamala Jo Doezema eds. 1998 Global Sex Workers: Rights, Resistance, and Redefinition. London: Routledge. Kontula, Anna 2008 The Sex Worker and her Pleasure. Current Sociology 56(4): 605-620. Leigh, Carol 1997 Inventing Sex Work. In Jill Nagle ed. Whores and other Feminists. New York: Routledge, pp.225-231. O'Neill, Maggie 2001 Prostitution and Feminism: Towards a Politics of Feeling. Cambridge: Polity Press. Sanders, Teela 2005 It s Just Acting : Sex Workers Strategies for Capitalizing on Sexuality. Gender, Work and Organization 12(4): 319-342. Vanwesenbeeck, Ine 2005 Burnout among Female Indoor Sex Workers. Archives of Sexual Behavior 34(6): 627-639. 057 You have finally shown your true self to me. Physical, Emotional and Erotic Labor in Japanese Female Sex Work. Masakazu TANAKA Keywords: sex work, emotional labour, erotic labour, sexuality, gender
058 This article aims to understand the nature of sex work in Japan in terms of physical, emotional and erotic labor. My analysis is based on interview data with five Japanese female sex workers. The word, sex work, was coined in the 1970 s to promote the idea that prostitution is a legitimate work of sexual service. Prostitution should be considered as the same kind of service work as you could find at a burger shop. Therefore, prostitution should be legalized and we should improve its working conditions. There are three opinions against the above idea of sex work. The first one is that a sex worker is a victim of human trafficking. Then, legalizing prostitution would mean a justification of such a criminal act and a double standard of the patriarchal idea behind it. Secondly, prostitution is not proper work, because unlike other works, most of the customers prefer young untrained sex workers to old experienced ones. Third, prostitution is an inhuman work. By using sex, which is private in essence, for work, which is public, prostitution transgresses the boundary between public and private. It may have a lasting impact on the mind of prostitutes. In spite of their strong criticism, there are few academic publications dealing on interactions between sex workers and their customers. In this article I try to demonstrate that these opinions are not tenable with my interview data. First. I show that sex work is divided into three labor modes. One is physical in a sense that a sex worker uses her body to please her customers. The second is emotional. The sex worker needs a certain number of regular customers in order to stabilize her income. She uses emotion to attract her customers. They come back to her because they feel happy with her and liked by her. This concept of emotional labor was invented by A. Hockshield, an American sociologist. She uses it as distinct from physical and intellectual labor. It is an essential part of service work. In addition I propose the third concept of erotic labor. It is labor regarding female orgasm. A female sex worker in Japan is often asked by her customer if she experiences orgasm with him or not. She tells him yes to assure him of his masculine supremacy in sex. It is a labor specific to sex service. It has become clear that those sex workers I interviewed do not consider themselves as victims of patriarchy. They are more or less independent of their shop managers and customers. There is a space of negotiation with them. They have to develop skills for negotiation and protection of their minds and bodies. They must be skillful enough to pretend to be inexperienced. So even if the customers prefer young girls, it does not necessarily mean that they are unskilled laborers. Sex work may have a negative impact on the mind of the sex worker. Therefore, it goes, we should abolish any kind of sex work. My data show that some cannot develop normal love affair and regard sex being for money, not for care and pleasure. The activists for sex work do not deny its negative nature. However, they claim that this negative nature is overcome only by legalizing it, not by abolishing or criminalizing it. As far as it remains illegal, the sex worker must develop a skill to avoid risks, physical or psychological. Here again she needs to be professional. To conclude, by referring to three types of labor modes, this article shows that sex work is a more complicated process than normally expected. The sex worker is not just a body to please her
! customer. She has to be an agentic and knowledgeable being in order to control the interaction with him and protect herself. 059