Annuals of Disas. Prev. Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., No. 48 A, 2005 1. 2004 26 9 4,000m 28 8.7 2. 2004 12 26 M9.0
6cm ( 1,600km) ( 6,000km) 1900 Table 23 2 150 60 2 22 7 72 7,530 11 (1) 1755 62,000 (2) 1782 50,000(?) (3) 1498**41,000 (4) 1883 36,000 (5) 1707 30,000 (6) 1896** 22,000 (7) 1868 26,000 (8) 1792 15,000 (9) 1771 12,000 (10) 1815 10,300 (11) 1976 8,000 **: Table 2 Historical tsunami disasters. 23320054 126,915 37,063 38,938 4,924 10,779 5,614 5,395 2,934 82 26 68 6 60-80 NA 2 NA 300 NA 10 NA 1 9 1 3 182,571 50,579 Table 1 Human casualties. Table 7.5 8.5 1797, 1833, 1861, 1881, 1907, 1941 1861 150 1883 3 6 3. Fig. Fig. 2005 28 8.7 Fig. 143, 123, 63
151, 61, 59 0 500km Fig. 1 Location of plate boundary, epicenter and aftershocks. M9.0 1226 M9.0 M8.7 100 160 Fig. 2 Location of segments which generated 26 Dec. 2004 and 28 March 2005 earthquakes and their historical last event. 12/26, 3/28 200412268 M9.0 850km3 8.9m 10km 6 1861M8.3-8.51881 7.9)19417.5-8.5 200532811 M8.7 250km 120km 12m 27km 2 1907M7.5-8.5 1833 1) Fig. http//www.drs.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp 4,000m 720km 400m 200km Fig. 50 3,000 10 1/10 5,6m 100 Fig. 3 Characteristics of earthquakes.
Fig. 4 Characteristics of main shocks on 26 Dec. Fig. 5 Chart of tsunami arrival time. 80km 15 Fig. 20km 48.9m 1896 30.5m 1.5 Fig. 10m 80% 20% Photos. 20 30m 4. 16 12 26 48.9m Fig. 6 Longshore distribution of tsunami height around Ache, Indonesia.
1% 2 (m) 10m Fig. 7 Death rate and tsunami height in tsunami disasters in Japan. 40 50 Figs.(a) (b)10m 1 30.5m 15.8m (2) 3.8-4.4 5.6 6.0 2.4-4.8 4.7 4.1-10.0 Colo mbo Moratuwa Panadula 3.9-4.0 3.9-6.0 South-West of Sri Lanka Island Jan. 04 Paiyangala Beru wala Ambalangoda Hikkaduwa Dodanduwa Galle Koggala Weligama 3.7-9.3 4.9 Jan. 06 Jan. 05 16m/s Photo. 1 Tsunami run-up height in Ache. Fig. 8(a) Longshore distribution of tsunami height around south and west coast in Sri Lanka. Lhoknga 20023.5m Photo. 2 Damaged area due to 23.5m tsunami inundation in Ache. Fig. 8(b) Longshore distribution of tsunami height around south and east coast in Sri Lanka. Photo. 10 10m
2m Photo. 3 Trains destroyed by tsunami in Hikkaduwa in Sri Lanka. Photo. 4 Ship on a pier in Galle in Sri Lanka. Fig. 1/100 Hikkaduwa beach road 64m leaf tarnished washed train railway 188m Photo. 5 Destroyed ships in Sri Lanka. 188m 228m Fig. 9 Cross section from coast to railway at Hikkaduwa in Sri Lanka. Photo. 5m Photo. 2.5m 10 2 1 10 Fig.10 10m
, 1755 8.5 250 Khao Lak Observed Tsunami Height around Phuket Isl. Photo. 6 Tsunami attacking three stories concrete made hotel at Khao Lak, Tailand. Fig. 10 Longshore distribution of tsunami height around Phuket island, Tailand. 1) 2) 3) 4) Photo.6 m 1) 1990 1992 2) 1907, 8 1
5 1 26 3m 1,200 1.8m 1m Fig.11 5m Tsunami Height in the south-east coast, Indea 3.2 m (3) 2.9 m (120) 3.4 m 3.1 m 4.0 m (14) 2.7 2.6 m (200) 2.8 m (380) 4.4 m (750) 5.0 m (6000) 3.5 m Fig. 11 Longshore distribution of tsunami height around south-east coast in India. 3m DMSP 5. Fig.12 1960 26 10 2005 3 CNN BBC ( ) // SEMS, QC, GIS (,, Fig. 12 Integrated tsunami disaster countermeasure systems.
1992 6. 2005 6 2004 12 1983 7. 1) 2) 3) 4) 1960 5) 6) 7)
8) 9) 10) 62 7,882 11) 14412464 1516159 8.7 2005 1 1) 2005 2004 pp.12-19. 8
Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake of 26 December 2004 Yoshiaki KAWATA Synopsis Off the west coast of northern Sumatra, the M9.0 Sumatra-Andaman island earthquake occurred in December 26, 2004. The human damage including the missing was more than 233,000. This is the worst tsunami disasters in the world. The plate boundary earthquake with three segments generated gigantic tsunamis and hit Indonesia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka and others facing the Indian ocean. In the subduction zone, last earthquakes with about magnitude 8 are 1861, 1881 and 1941 respectively. In this time, three segments simultaneously broke so that we are much anxious about simultaneous occurrence of next Tokai, To-Nankai and Nankai earthquakes. The tsunami disaster had big impact to check tsunami countermeasures in Japan. Keywords: Off-Sumatra earthquake, Indian ocean tsunami disaster, tsunami disasters, Catastrophic disasters, Tsunami information systems