20 FeliCa 200502689

2 1 5 2 6 2.1 IC........................ 6 2.1.1 RFID.......................... 6 2.1.2.................. 7 2.2 FeliCa............................. 8 2.2.1 FeliCa........................ 9 2.2.2 FeliCa...................... 10 2.2.3 FeliCa................. 10 2.2.4............... 11 2.2.5 FeliCa......... 12 2.3........................... 13 2.3.1............... 13 2.3.2 (k,n)...................... 14 2.3.3........................... 16 3 17 3.1..................... 18 3.1.1........................... 18 3.1.2.................. 19 3.2.......................... 20 3.3........................... 23 3.3.1......................... 23 3.3.2......................... 23 4 29 5 32 33 34

3 2.1 FeliCa.................. 10 2.2........................... 14 2.3........................... 15 3.1 10 1234567................. 20 3.2.......................... 21 3.3........................ 22 3.4 (1)................ 24 3.5 (2)................ 25 3.6................. 26 3.7.................. 27

4 3.1............................... 18 3.2............................. 23 3.3................ 28 4.1....... 31

1 5 1 IC [3] IC / IC IC ID IC FeliCa () [1] [9] [10] [17] IC Suica [14] PASMO [15] IC / IC / IC [2] [11] IC

2 6 2 2.1 IC ATM RFID[3] 2.1.1 RFID RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) IC / RFID RFID RFID 2

2 7 2.1.2 RFID IC IC IC IC IC IC IC IC IC IC IC IC IC 2mm 10mm 70mm TypeA TypeB TypeC FeliCa

2 8 2.2 FeliCa IC 2.1.2 IC IC Suica PASMO FeliCa [1] FeliCa felicity: IC (ISO 14443)TypeC IC ISO/IEC 15408 EAL4 IC FeliCa [4]

2 9 2.2.1 FeliCa FeliCa () IC FeliCa Edy 1 [6] [7] [8] FeliCa IC FeliCa FeliCa IC FeliCa 1

2 10 2.2.2 FeliCa FeliCa DES 2 DES 3 DES Dual ( / ) 1 (1 ) IC 2.2.3 FeliCa FeliCa 2.1 2.1: FeliCa 2 IBM 3 DES DES

2 11 2.2.4 FeliCa 16 16 2 FeliCa FeliCa ID ( ID) IC ID(IDm) (PMm) 8 IDm FeliCa PMm (2 ) (2 ) (Windows ) (2 ) (Windows ) ( 3 Windows ) ( / )

2 12 2.2.5 FeliCa 4 / ( ) / () ( ) () 4 / ( ) / () ( ) ()

2 13 2.3 [2] 2.3.1 HITACHI [12] 1. 2. USB PC USB USB USB USB

2 14 / USB 2.3.2 (k,n) (k,n) n k k (k,n) (k,n) s () D n P 1,,P n 2.2 2.2: (a) D s n v 1,,v n v i P i (b) n s

2 15 (k,n) v 1,,v n v 1,,v n k s k 1 s (k, n) (k,n) Shamir() (2,n) s D a 1 f(x) = s + a 1 x D v i = f(i) v i P i 1 i n P 1, P 2 2.3(a) 2 (1, v 1 ), (2, v 2 ) y = f(x) s = f(0) 2 s P i (b) s f(x) v 1 v 2 0 (1, v 1 ) (2, v 2 ) 1 2 x f(x) 0 1 x (a)2 (b)1 2.3:

2 16 2.3.3 (k, n) (p modp GF (p) ) 1. (a) D p >max(s, n) p (b) D f(0) = s GF (p) k 1 f(x) = s + a 1 x + + a k 1 x k 1 mod p (1) (c) D v i = f(i) v i P i 1 i n 2. k P i1,, P ik v ij = f(i j )mod p (2) j = 1,, k k 1 f(x) k 1 f(x) (i, f(i)) k Lagrange( ) f(x) = λ 1 (x)f(i 1 ) + + λ k (x)f(i k )mod p (3) λ j (x) = (x i i) (x i j k ) mod p (4) (i j i i ) (i j j i k ) (3) x = i 1,, i k (3) s = f(0) = λ 1 (0)f(i 1 ) + + λ k (0)f(i k )mod p (5) k s

3 17 3 2 FeliCa (k, n) IC

3 18 3.1 3.1.1 FeliCa RFID FeliCa / / Windows Windows 3.1: OS Microsoft Windows XP Professional Service Pack 2 Basic (Microsoft Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition) [16] / PR-400UDM / [5] FeliCa

3 19 3.1.2 Windows 1. s 2. ( ) s 3. n 4. n 5. k 6. k 7. P 1,, P n v 1,, v n 8. P i / 9. v i 10. 8 9 1 i n 11. 1. P ij / 2. v ij 3. 1 2 1 j k 4. v ij s 5. s

3 20 3.2 3.2 3.3 [18] 1 16 1 0 i 1 i n 0 (FF) 16 3.1 10 1234567 16 (1234567) 10 (12D687) 16 i = 1 0 1 0 1 01 87 D6 12 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF 01 02 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3.1: 10 1234567

3 21 3.2:

3 22 3.3:

3 23 3.3 3.3.1 3.2: s Hello!! n 3 k 2 s Hello!! 0x(48 65 6C 6F 21 21) 3.3.2 s Hello!! GUI 3.4 & 3.5 3.6 3.7

3 24 s n k 3.4: (1)

3 25 1 2 3 3.5: (2)

3 26 1 3.6:

3 27 0 1 01 27 01 44 01 4B 01 4B 01 4E 01 00 01 00 01 00 FF 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 a 0 1 02 06 02 23 02 2A 02 2A 02 2D 02 DF 01 DF 01 00 FF 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 b 0 1 03 E5 02 02 03 09 03 09 03 0C 03 BE 02 BE 02 00 FF 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02 00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 c 3.7:

3 28 3.7 3.2 s 10 3.3 3.3: 1 H 295 2 e 324 3 l 331 4 l 331 5 o 334 6! 256 7! 256 (a) 1 H 518 2 e 547 3 l 554 4 l 554 5 o 557 6! 479 7! 479 (b) 1 H 741 2 e 770 3 l 777 4 l 777 5 o 780 6! 702 7! 702 (c) 2.3.2 (5) s s= Hello!!

4 29 4 (k, n) s Hello!! 7 7 This is the test of Secret Sharing Schemes 42 42 FeliCa FeliCa k FeliCa

4 30 4.1 A 16 65 s n 10 k 2 k 10 P x (n) k 10

4 31 4.1: ( ) f(x) Px k = 2 k = 3 k = 4 k = 5 k = 6 k = 7 k = 8 k = 9 k = 10 1 188 311 434 557 680 803 926 1049 1172 (1) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 2 311 803 1787 3755 7691 15563 31307 62795 125771 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 3 434 1541 4862 14825 44714 134381 403382 1210385 3631394 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (3) (3) (3) 4 557 2525 10397 41885 167837 671645 2686877 10747805 42991517 (2) (2) (2) (2) (3) (3) (3) (3) 5 680 3755 19130 96005 480380 2402255 12011630 60058505 300292880 (2) (2) (2) (3) (3) (3) (3) (4) 6 803 5231 31799 191207 1147655 6886343 41318471 247911239 1487467847 (2) (2) (2) (3) (3) (3) (4) (4) 7 926 6953 49142 344465 2411726 16882553 118178342 827248865 5790742526 (2) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4) (4) 8 1049 8921 71897 575705 4606169 36849881 294799577 2358397145 18867177689 (2) (2) (3) (3) (3) (4) (4) 9 1172 11135 100802 907805 8170832 73538075 661843262 5956589945 53609310092 (2) (2) (3) (3) (3) (4) (4) 10 1295 13595 136595 1366595 13666595 136666595 1366666595 13666666595 136666666595 (2) (2) (3) (3) (3) (4) (4)

5 32 5 [12] USB HDD USB USB HDD USB FeliCa KDDI [13] FeliCa

33

34 [1] SonyJapanFeliCa http://www.sony.co.jp/products/felica/ [2] /,2004 [3] Microsoft: RFID http://www.microsoft.com/japan/business/rfid/about/default.mspx [4] FeliCa Networks http://www.felicanetworks.co.jp/index.html [5] / AID PR-400UDM UsersManual PR-CommandManual PR 300-500F PR-301/PR-400/PR-500FeliCa PR-301/PR-400/ [6] FeliCa http://www.kochi-tech.ac.jp/library/ron/2006/2006info/ full/1070425.pdf [7] RFID http://www.kochi-tech.ac.jp/library/ron/2004/2004info/1050344.pdf

35 [8] FeliCa http://www.nol.info.kanagawa-u.ac.jp/research/2006/iyama.pdf [9] IC FeliCa IT http://www.atmarkit.co.jp/frfid/special/felica/felica01.html [10] FeliCa http://www.rdsc.jp/felica/index.html [11] IT http://www.atmarkit.co.jp/fsecurity/special/53tsss/tsss.html [12] HITACHI http://www.hitachi.co.jp/prod/comp/warifu/index.html [13] KDDI http://www.kddilabs.jp/press/detail 99.html [14] Suica http://www.jreast.co.jp/suica [15] PASMO http://www.pasmo.co.jp/ [16] Microsoft Visual Studio http://www.microsoft.com/japan/msdn/vstudio [17] FeliCa http://www.tokodenki.co.jp/solution/felica/index.html [18] ASCII,2004

36 1. 2. FeliCa 9K FRAM