HTTP

2008 P2P 2009 2 6 5107B024-5

1 5 1.1...................................... 5 1.2...................................... 6 1.3..................................... 7 2 HTTP 8 2.1............................. 8 2.2 HTTP........................................ 8 2.3 FLASH....................................... 9 2.4 HTTP........................... 9 2.5 HTTP.................................... 10 3 P2P 11 3.1 P2P..................................... 11 3.1.1 P2P............................... 11 3.1.2 P2P.............................. 12 3.2 P2P................................... 12 3.2.1 P2P.............................. 12 3.2.2 P2P................................. 13 3.2.3 P2P................................. 14 3.3 BitTorrent...................................... 15 3.3.1 Tracker........................... 15 3.3.2............................ 16 3.4....................................... 16 3.5 BitTorrent...................... 16 3.5.1.......................... 17 3.5.2............................ 17 1

4 19 4.1............................. 19 4.2................................. 20 4.3..................................... 21 4.4....................... 21 4.5.................... 21 4.6 CDN......................................... 22 4.7 P4P......................................... 22 5 24 5.1................................... 24 5.2..................................... 24 5.3............................ 26 5.3.1............................... 26 5.3.2.............................. 27 5.3.3................................ 27 5.3.4 AS............................. 27 5.3.5......................... 28 6 29 6.1...................................... 29 6.1.1............................ 29 6.2 1 :................... 30 6.3 1................................ 31 6.4 2 :................... 32 6.5 2................................ 33 6.6 3 :.......................... 35 6.7 3................................. 36 7 37 7.1......................................... 37 7.2...................................... 37 2

1.1 2004......................... 5 1.2 2007............................ 6 2.1 Client-Server.................................... 8 2.2 2005 2008.......................... 9 3.1 Hybrid P2P..................................... 13 3.2 Pure P2P...................................... 13 5.1...................... 25 5.2....................... 25 5.3................... 26 6.1 1.............................. 31 6.2 1............................. 32 6.3 2.............................. 32 6.4 IP 133.9.81.177.... 33 6.5 IP 133.9.81.177...... 34 6.6 (In )............................. 34 6.7 2............................. 35 6.8 3.............................. 36 6.9........................... 36 3

6.1.................................. 30 4

1 1.1 P2P P2P Bittorrent Skype BBC iplayer P2P P2P 2004 50% [17] HTTP 1.1: 2004 5

1 2004 YouTube Web HTTP P2P 2007 1.2 [18] [19] 1.2: 2007 1.2 YouTube YouTube Flash 6% HTTP P2P P2P HTTP 1.2 HTTP P2P P2P P2P Bittorrent Bittorrent GeoIP AS AS 6

1 1.3 1 2 HTTP HTTP 3 P2P P2P Bittorrent 4 5 6 7 7

2 HTTP 2.1 2 WEB 2.1: Client-Server 2.2 HTTP HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protcol) Web 8

2 HTTP HTTP Web HTTP 1.1 1990 P2P FLASH 2.3 FLASH OS FLASH 98% PC 2.4 HTTP 2005 2008 [8] 2.2 2.2: 2005 2008 9

2 HTTP ISP6 2005 IN/OUT P2P 2008 OUT( ) 21-23 2.5 2005 1.7 YouTube 2.5 HTTP HTTP YouTube MB P2P GB DVD YouTube HD HTTP ISP OS Windows Vista Windows 7 [20] HTTP 10

P2P 3 3.1 P2P P2P 3.1.1 P2P P2P P2P P2P 11

3 P2P Napster Skype 3.1.2 P2P P2P Winny Antinny PC P2P P2P P2P P2P 3.2 P2P P2P P2P P2P 3.2.1 P2P P2P Napster MSN Messenger IM ( Instant Messenger ) P2P Napster Napster P2P P2P 12

3 P2P P2P 3.1: Hybrid P2P 3.2.2 P2P P2P P2P Gnutella Winny Skype 3.2: Pure P2P P2P 13

3 P2P Skype IP P2P 3.2.3 P2P Skype Skype P2P IP 8 1000 IP P2P IP NAT P2P P2P Winny Winny P2P BitTorrent 2006 6 Kontiki Kontiki P2P P2P CDN 3 1 CDN 10 BBC iplayer AOL BSkyB Verizon BB BB TV PtoP OLM P2P 14

3 P2P PC PC ISP 3.3 BitTorrent BitTorrent Bram Cohen P2P MB GB Winny Winny BitTorrent Winny BitTorrent.torrent IP P2P WEB CentOS Fedora BitTorrent 3.3.1 Tracker BitTorrent info hash ip IP port peer id ID Azureus AZ BitComet BC ID 15

3 P2P uploaded downloaded HTTP C++ PHP Python BitTorrent GeoIP AS AS 3.3.2 BitTorrent (Seeder) 3.4 BitTorrent P2P DHT P2P BitTorrent 1KB.torrent torrent Web Web torrent Web 3.5 BitTorrent BitTorrent BitTorrent 16

3 P2P Tit-For-Tat Winny BitTorrent Tit-For-Tat 3.5.1 3.5.2 4 20 10 4 30 17

3 P2P 18

4 2 2.4 P2P HTTP 4.1 ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP IX ISP - ISP - - IX 19

4 ISP 4.2 [10] IP TOS 20

4 4.3 2 ISP [12] GB OCN 30GB 1 100GB 4.4 2 FTP File Transfer Protocol P2P [?] 4.5 1 http://www.ocn.ne.jp/info/rules/upload/index.html 21

4 2 4.6 CDN CDN Contents Delivery Network 1990 CDN CDN 10 15% 10Gbps 72 20,000 20,000 PC P2P P2P CDN BitTorrent [7] 4.7 P4P ISP P2P P2P P4P Working Group (P4PWG) P4P [22] 1. P2P 2. 2 P4P BitTorrent ISP itracker itracker BitTorrent tracker network status/topology provider guidelines/policies network capabilities 2 http://peer2peer.blog79.fc2.com/blog-entry-954.html 22

4 tracker P4P P4P 50 70 [1] 23

5 5.1 P2P BitTorrent AS 5.2 P2P ISP HTTP P2P P2P BitTorrent Tit-For-Tat BitTorrent Tit-For-Tat P2P Winny P2P 5.1 5.2 24

5 5.1: 5.2: 25

5 5.3 AS AS IP AS IP IP 5.3.1 5.3 5.3: 1. IP 2. AS AS IP AS IP 3. 26

5 4. IP 5. 5.3.2 Fedora 8 Linux OS MySQL PHP OpenTraker[23] info hash ip port peer id uploaded downloaded left update time expire time place network AS as AS counter 5.3.3 MaxMind GeoLite Country GeoIP PHP API 1 5.3.4 AS AS ASLookup[24] PHP # aslookup -r 133.9.81.1 Target Address : 133.9.81.1 133.9.0.0/16: AS17956:WASEDA University r IP JPNIC APNIC whois database AS 1 http://www.maxmind.com/app/php 27

5 5.3.5 900 900 90 IP 3 180 2 BitTorrent BitTorrent Tit-For-Tat 2 28

6 6.1 1 2 BitTorrent 1 Linux OS BitTorrent 2 BitTorrent 3 6.1 6.1.1 Vyatta Vyatta Linux OS Cisco VPN 10Gbps Linux SSH Linux Azureus BitTorrent Azureus Azureus Java Java Windows Mac OS X 29

6 6.1: OS Router DELL PowerEdge R200 Vyatta Tracker1 DELL Dimension 4500s Fedora 8 Linux BT2 High Position LV1.2 Fedora 9 Linux BT3 High Position LV1.2 Fedora 9 Linux BT4 High Position LV1.2 Fedora 9 Linux BT5 High Position LV1.2 Fedora 9 Linux BT6 High Position LV1.2 Fedora 9 Linux BT7 High Position LV1.2 Fedora 9 Linux BT8 High Position LV1.2 Fedora 9 Linux Linux BitTorrent Torrent UPnP BitTorrent 6.2 1 : 1 Linux OS BitTorrent OS 1 6.1 1 2 OS 3.3GB 3 1 30

6 6.1: 1 133.9.81.176/28 133.9.81.240/28 100Mbps 1Mbps 4 6.3 1 1Mbps 6.2 10 1 2 31

6 6.2: 1 6.4 2 : 2 BitTorrent 2 6.3 6.3: 2 2 32

6 2 OS 3.3GB 1 2 133.9.81.176/28 133.9.81.240/28 100Mbps 1Mbps 6.5 2 6.4 133.9.81.177 6.4 133.9.81.178 6.4: IP 133.9.81.177 133.9.81.180 1Mbps 6.5 133.9.81.177 33

6 6.5: IP 133.9.81.177 133.9.81.178 9KB/s 133.9.81.177 4.47MB/s 178 180 178 180 4.47MB/s 6.4 8.94 2 6.6 1Mbps 36 1 P2P 6.6: (In ) 34

6 6.7 4 36 1 2 6.7: 2 6.6 3 : 3 AS AS 17645 17956 3 6.8 35

6 6.8: 3 6.7 3 3 6.9 6.9: info hash peer id BitComet BC Azureus AZ JP AS 36

7 7.1 P2P BitTorrent AS 8.94 P2P BitTorrent AS AS BitTorrent 7.2 PlanetLab 37

7 38

39

[1] Xie, H., Krishnamurthy, A., Silberschatz, A., and Yang, Y.R., P4P: Explicit Communications for Cooperative Control Between P2P and Network Providers, http://www.dcia.info/documents/p4p_overview.pdf [2] F5 White Paper, Bandwidth management for peer-topeer applications., Jan. 2006. http: //www.f5.com/pdf/white-papers/rateshaping-wp.pdf [3] A. Bharambe, C. Herley, and V. Padmanabhan, Analyzing and improving a Bit- Torrent network s performance mechanisms, In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 06, Barcelona, Spain, Apr. 2006. http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/ padmanab/papers/infocom2006.pdf [4] TCP/IP ( ),,, 2004. [5] Skype BP, 2005. [6] P2P, 2005. [7] P2P, 2007. [8] Kenjiro Cho, Kensuke Fukuda, Hiroshi Esaki, and Akira Kato, Observing Slow Crustal Movement in Residential User Traffic, http://www.iijlab.net/~kjc/papers/kjc-conext2008.pdf [9],, P2P WG, http://www.fmmc.or.jp/ p2p_web/news/20081015.pdf [10] P2P, http://www.soumu.go.jp/s-news/ 2007/pdf/070629_11_1.pdf 40

[11] Phillipa Gill, Martin Arlittz, Zongpeng Li, Anirban Mahanti, YouTube Traffic Characterization: A View From the Edge, RFC 3489, March 2003. http://www.imconf.net/imc-2007/papers/imc78.pdf [12] ISP Wiki, http://isp.oshietekun.net/ [13] Salman A. Baset and Henning Schulzrinne, An Analysis of the Skype Peer-to-Peer Internet Telephony Protocol, September 15, 2004. http://arxiv.org/pdf/cs/0412017 [14],, P2P, 12/14/2006. http://www.soi.wide.ad.jp/class/20060001/slides/11/35.html [15] Tomo s HotLine, http://homepage3.nifty.com/toremoro/index.html [16] Yahoo! PtoP 2 5000 (Cnet) http://japan.cnet.com/news/media/story/0,2000056023,20249687,00.htm [17] CacheLogic P2P in 2005, http://internet.watch.impress.co.jp/cda/news/2005/08/11/8785.html [18] YouTube HTTP P2P (itmedia) http://www.itmedia.co.jp/news/articles/0706/20/news076.html [19] BitTorrent battles over bandwidth (BBC) http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/click_online/4905660.stm [20] Windows 7 Beta Rollout Fails Without BitTorrent http://torrentfreak.com/windows-beta-7-rollout-fails-without-bittorrent-090110/ [21] Winny http://itpro.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/opinion/20060424/236095/ [22] P4P : P2P http://www.geekpage.jp/blog/?id=2008/4/28/1 [23] OpenTraker http://www.whitsoftdev.com/opentracker/ [24] ASLookup http://www.bugest.net/software/aslookup/index.html 41

[25] Wikipedia: http://wikipedia.org/ http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/bittorrent http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/peer_to_peer http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/gnutella http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/kontiki http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/akamai_technologies 42