(Linux) [ UNIX ] CMD Workshop ( ) 1
*********************************************************************** * Linux PC-UNIX UNIX * * 99% FreeBSD BSD PC-UNIX * * * *********************************************************************** ======================================================================= Linux CUI UNIX MS-Windows GUI CUI GUI GUI : Graphical User Interface CUI : Character (Based) User Interface UNIX UNIX MS-Windows MS- Windows 2
UNIX UNIX ( ) UNIX UNIX(Linux) ssh, telnet, rlogin UNIX: kterm (or xterm) ssh -X xxx.yyy.osaka-u.ac.jp telnet xxx.yyy.osaka-u.ac.jp rlogin xxx.yyy.osaka-u.ac.jp (xxx.yyy -X X-window ) Windows: teraterm ID )kterm, xterm )telnet, rlogin ssh (secure shell) 3
command [-option] [filename] man ( - kterm xterm ) kterm (or xterm) exit UNIX *** UNIX *** ) ----------------------------------- kterm (ctrl) d k ctrl+d ( ) ctrl+k ( ) )Delete UNIX 4
) (manual) ----------------------------- man man man cd man ls man mkdir man mail man fort77 Q ) (Windows ------------------------------------------------------------ (change directory) cd.. ( ) cd ( ) cd test1 ( test1 ) )... mkdir ( ) rmdir ) ----------------- ( ) (list) ls ( ) ls -alf ( : ) 5
ls test2 ( test2 ) (concatenate) cat test.f (test.f ) ) ( a.out) cp a.out test.exe (move) mv a.out test.exe (a.out test.exe ) (remove) rm a.out (a.out ) ) ---------------------------------- xterm & ( xterm xterm ) kterm & ( kterm kterm ) & gedit & (gedit MS-Windows ) emacs & (emacs ) vi (emacs vim ) emacs vi 6
(no window ) xterm (or kterm) emacs -nw 1) & X- (UNIX ) 2) xterm (kterm) emacs (or xemacs) emacs UNIX (UNIX emacs vi ) 3) 4) vi vi vim vi vim emacs & emacs -nw vi 7
) ( ) ------------------------------------------------------- ps ( ) ps -aux ( ) kill 1120 (1120 ) kill -9 1120 ( 1120 ) ctrl+c ( ) 1) ctrl+z ( ) bg ( ) fg ( ) ) ---------------------------------- UNIX tar.gz,.tgz xxx, xxx tar czvf yyy.tgz xxx xxx tar xzvf yyy.tgz czvf, xzvf (c:create, x: extract, z: zipped, v:verbose, f:file) 8
)UNIX zip MS-Wondows zip MS-Windows winzip ) ( ( ) -------------------------------------------------------- CR( ) *** X-Wondows *** X-Window (UNIX ) fortran xterm (or kterm) gedit (or emacs, vi ) gedit (or emacs) xterm ( ) kterm gedit(or emacs, vi) 9
*** emacs *** CTRL Ctrl ESC Esc SPACEbar + --> [ ] emacs [file name]& ( ) emacs -nw [file name] ( ) [file name] CTRL+s CTRL+xc [ ] CTRL+s --> CTRL+s CTRL+SPACEbar --> --> ESC --> w CTRL+SPACEbar --> --> CTRL+w 10
( ) --> CTRL+y CTRL+g *** vi or vim *** vi ex --> ESC Esc ENTER Enter --> [ ] vi [file name] [file name] (write) ESC --> : --> w! w file-name (quit) ESC --> : --> q! wq! [ ] (input, append, or open) --> i (or a) --> i --> ENTER 11
o ESC --> / --> ESC --> x ESC --> dd ESC --> yw (yank) ESC --> yy ( paste) ESC --> p ESC --> P ESC --> : --> e! a: i, a, o ESC b: ex : ENTER c ex 12
*** fortran compile, *** a) xterm kterm b) gedit& emacs& ( ) emacs -nw or vi c) ( ) d) ( test.f ) e) xterm ifort test.f (test.f a.out ) ifort fortran77 f77,g77, fort77 f) xterm./a.out ( a.out ) c) e) c) f) 1)./a.out > outf (outf ) " " " " UNIX " " UNIX ls -aux less 2) ctrl+c 3) & JOB JOB ps kill 4) 13
5) (C FORTRAN a.out) a.out *** *** a) kterm & (xterm &) b) fortran (gedit or emacs or vi) x- y- ( plot.data) ( fortran./a.out >plot.data ) c) kterm & gnuplot gnuplot d) plot "plot.data" quit eps d) set terminal postscript eps set output "plot.eps" plot "plot.data" with lines f)plot.eps kterm ghostview plot.eps & print ghostview gv gnuplot gnuplot 14
prog.f90! ifort prog.f90./a.out input c!====== A very simple program prog.f90 ============== real::a,b,c,d,e,f,g integer::i,j,k a=1.0 b=2.0 write(*,*) a,b=,a,b print *, input c read(*,*) c d=a+b+c! addition write(*,*) a,b,c,d=,a,b,c,d d=d+a! Is this correct? Yes. write(*,*) a,d=,a,d e=a/c! division f=a*c! multiplication g=a**c! power write(*,*) a,c,d,e,f=,a,c,d,e,f d=d+a! What is the answer? Why? write(*,*) a,d=,a,d 15
i=5.5 j=2 k=i/j! What is the answer? Is your answer correct? write(*,*) i,j,k=,i,j,k stop end 16