2007 98 2007
1854 150 100 150
/
2008 (
2008 A2 P2 P1 A1
A1 A1 A1
1/3
P2
Minjiang (or, Miaoziping) Bridge Collapse Total length: 1440 m Zipingpu dam reservoir
Baihwa Bridge
1923 (M7.9) 1948 (M7.1)
1923
1948
1923 1946 1948
1964
1964
1982
1980 300mm
1978 1982
1995
Collapse of 18-Span Fukae Viaduct Hanshin Expressway 1995 Kobe Earthquake
Premature Shear Failure of RC Columns Resulted from Insufficient Development Length
Shear Failure
300mm 150mm
Crack initiated Slip Down Crack extended Compression Failure
Flexural Shear Failure
300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2002 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 1923 1925 1964 1971 1980 1990 1995
1.0 0.5 0.0-0.5-1.0 5 10 0.87g 15 20 100 50 1m/sec =3.6km/h 0-50 -100 5 10 15 20 20 10 35cm 0-10 -20 5 10 15 20
1960 1994 Northridge, USA, EQ 1995 Kobe, Japan, EQ 1999 Chi Chi, Taiwan, EQ 1999 Bolu & Duzce, Turkey, EQ
Public Works research Institute
E RC
1971
1989
Collapse of Cypress Viaduct 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake
1 2
1776 1830-1840 1850 1906 1933 Field Act ( 0.1 0.02-0.05 & Riley Act 1936 1957 1961 1961
1971 1933 1971 5.4-7.7 $100,000 1973 (AASHTO 1975 ) 1981 FHWA 1989 1994