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DEIM Forum 2011 E6-3 XML-RDB 305 8550 1 2 / 305 8550 1 2 / 305 8573 1 1 1 E-mail: sousuke.ohta.2009b@mlab.info, mori@slis.tsukuba.ac.jp, amagasa@cs.tsukuba.ac.jp XML-RDB XML RDB 1:n XML n:1 C-Mapping C-Mapping RDB C-Mapping C-Mapping XML-RDB, An XML-RDB Mapping Method using Functional and Inclusion Dependencies Sosuke OTA, Atsuyuki MORISHIMA, and Toshiyuki AMAGASA Grad. Sch. of Library, Information and Media Studies, Univ. of Tsukuba 1 2 Kasuga, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,Japan 305 8550 Japan Grad. Sch. of Library, Information and Media Studies/Research Center for Knowledge Communities, Univ. of Tsukuba., Univ. of Tsukuba 1 2 Kasuga, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,Japan 305 8550 Japan Grad. Sch. of Sys. and Info. Eng./Center for Computational Sciences, Univ. of Tsukuba 1 1 1 Tennohdai, Tsukuba, Japan 305 8573 E-mail: sousuke.ohta.2009b@mlab.info, mori@slis.tsukuba.ac.jp, amagasa@cs.tsukuba.ac.jp 1. XML RDB XML RDB [1] [2] [3] RRXS [4] XML Data Model [5] ( XML ) RDB 1:1 1:n Shared-Inlining [1] ( 1, 2) Shared-Inlining.dtd ( 1 ).xml ( 2 ) XML (ID,.title) ( 2 ) ( ID) title ID.title.xml title title 1:1 XML 1:1 XML RDB 1:n 1:n 1:1 1:n XML-RDB C-

title DTD <!ELEMENT root(*, *)> <!ELEMENT (title,, *)> <!ELEMENT (title, )> <!ELEMENT ()> <!ELEMENT title(#pcdata)> <!ELEMENT title(#pcdata)> <!ELEMENT (#PCDATA)> * root * title *.xml <root> <> <title>the Sartorialist</title> <>Scott Schuman</> </> <> <title>sherlock Holmes</title> </> <> <title>sherlock Holmes</title> </> </root> ID.title 1 The Sartorialist 2 Sherlock Holmes ID.title 1 Sherlock Holmes 1.dtd( ) DTD ( ) 2 1:n Mapping (Consistency-conscious Mapping) XML () RDB C-Mapping 1:1 1:n n:1 C-Mapping n:1 n:1 XML 1 RDB 1.dtd XML.xml n:1 3 3.xml title title 3.xml title title XML 1 RDB n:1 XML 1:1 1:n title Sherlock Holmes RDB n:1 2 3 C-Mapping XML 4 C-Mapping 5 C-Mapping (Basic-Inlining Shared-Inlining) ( ) C-Mapping 6 2. XML-RDB 1:1 1:n DTD XML Basic-Inlining, Shared-Inlining, Hybrid-Inlining [1].xml <root> <> <title>the Sartorialist</title> <>Scott Schuman</> </> <> <title>sherlock Holmes</title> </> <> <title>sherlock Holmes</title> </> </root> 3 ID.title 1 The Sartorialist 2 Sherlock Holmes ID 1 2 n:1 ID XML XML XML [2] [3] RRXS [4] XML XML ( 3.1 ) C-Mapping n:1 3. XML C-Mapping XML [4] XML XML Functional Dependencies XFD+ XML XML Inclusion Dependencies 3. 1 XML Functional Dependencies XML Functional Dependencies ( XFD) [4] XML RDB RDB A B R(..., A,..., B,...) 2 A B A B

仮想的な属性 n/@nodename() n/@path() n/@pre() n/@post() n/@edges() n/@type() n/@nodeid() n/@pathid() e/@parentnode() e/@childnode() x/@docid() 概要ノードnのlocal-name ノードnへのルートからのパスノードnの開始バイトオフセットノードnの終了バイトオフセットノードnを始点とするエッジ集合ノードnの型ノードnのID ノードnへのルートからのパスのID エッジeの始点エッジeの終点 XMLデータxのID XFDSet XFD+ a b a b XINDSet XIND A B X XML <a> <b></b> </a> Input 5 C-Mapping RDB R Output X XML 4 XFD+ XFD XML XFD XML.xml ( 2 ) title XFD for $x in.xml/root/ (1) $x $x/title/text() (2) (1) in XPath for $x (1) $x (2) 3. 2 XFD+ XFD XML ( ) XFD+ @ ( + () ) 4.xml ( 2 ) XFD+ for $x in.xml//* $x/@path() $x/@nodename() XFD+ for $x in.xml/root/ for $e in $x/@edges() $x, $e $e/@childnode() 4 XFD XML 3. 3 XML Inclusion Dependencies XML Inclusion Dependencies ( XIND) XML RDB R[A] = S[B], R(..., A,...) S(..., B,...) B A XML XIND XML XFD+ for $x in.xml/root/ $x $x/title/text() XIND.xml for $y in.xml/root/ $y $y/title/text().xml/root//title/text().xml/root//title/text() <root> <> <title>the Sartorialist</title> <>Scott Schuman</> </> <> <title>sherlock Holmes</title> </> <> <title>sherlock Holmes</title> </> </root> 6 Input C-Mapping Output ID title 1 The Sartorialist 2 Sherlock Holmes ID 1 2.xml <root> < id= 1 > <title></title> ID <>Scott Schuman</> </> < id= 2 > <title></title> </> < id= 1 > <title></title> </> </root> 3 外部キー制約 2 XML.xml ( 2 ) title title XIND.xml/root//title/text() =.xml/root//title/text() XIND [8] 4. C-Mapping XML-RDB C-Mapping (Consistency-conscious Mapping) C- Mapping C-Mapping C-Mapping 4. 1 C-Mapping 5 XML X X XFD+ XF DSet X XIND XINDSet XINDSet XML XF DSet XML X R XML X C-Mapping XML RDB XFD+ RDB XML X XML XFD+

id XML XML XML C-Mapping 3 6 C-Mapping XIND n:1 C-Mapping (1) XF DSet XINDSet RS (2) X RS I XML X 4. 2 C-Mapping (1) 1 XF DSet RS 2 XINDSet RS XINDSet RS 1 RS XF DSet XFD+ 1 7 XF DSet XFD+ XFD+ 2.xml XF DSet..xml XF DSet = {xfd 1, xfd 2 } xfd 1 for $x in.xml/root/ $x $x/title/text() xfd 2 for $y in.xml/root/ $y $y/title/text() XF DSet 7 7 16 XFD+ xfd 1 9 14 xfd 1 title 15 xfd 2 XF DSet (ID, title) (ID, title) + ID ID 1. Procedure Step1 { 2. //input:xfdset 3. //output:rs 4. let XFDSet={xfd1, xfd2,...}; 5. let xfdn={ det1 res1, det2 res2,...}; 6. RS =empty; 7. for each xfdi XFDSet 8. rs=empty; 9. for each det res xfdi 10. if rs==empty 11. rs.union({det(as primarykey)}); 12. end if 13. rs.union({res}); 14. end for 15. RS.union(rs); 16. end for 17. return RS ; 18. } 7 1 ID XML 1 XFD+ ( 4) 2 2 SQL XML RS RS 2 R(K R,..., A,...) S(K S,..., B,...) R[K R ] = S[B] B K R RDBMS SQL (unique key) [7] R[A] = S[B] A SQL XIND e 1 = e 2 XPath XML U[A e1 ] = V [A e2 ] Ae 1 SQL XIND SQL XIND R[A] = S[B] R[K R] = S[K R] K R K R S S K R T = R KR =K S t T (t[a] = t[b]) R K R R K R A S K R B R[K R] = S[K R] R[A] = S[B] 2 (1) S K R (2) S B ( T A )

1. Procedure Step2 { 2. //input: RS, XINDSet 3. //output: RS 4. RS=RS 5. let XINDSet={dep 1 ref 1, dep 2 ref 2,...} 6. for each dep i ref i XINDSet { 7. let R[A] = CorrespondingAttr(dep i) in RS 8. let S[B] = CorrespondingAttr(ref i) in RS 9. S.addAttribute(R.primarykey) 10. S.removeAttribute(B) 11. } 12. return RS; 13. } XFD RRXS XIND, XFD+ C-Mapping XFD+ 決定子を構造に関する情報に限定構造写像モデル写像アプローチアプローチ 8 2 2 8 7, 8 XIND 9 (1) 10 (2) 3.3 XIND 2 6 4. 3 4.2 XFD+ XFD+ XPath XPath XML 2 S B S K R S S R S[B] R[A] R R[K R ] S[K R] R[A] S[K R] 6.xml ( R [title] R[A] ) ( S [title] S[B] [ID] S[K R] ) 6 (3, ) (4, ) [title] [ID] [title] 2 4. 4 2 URA [6] Universal Instance 9 C-Mapping string, name string = name XIND 5. C-Mapping C-Mapping C-Mapping 9 XFD RRXS XFD ID XML ( ) XFD+ C-Mapping XFD+ XIND n:1 C-Mapping 5. 1 XML DTD DTD XML RDB XML a a ID DTD a 2 ID title XML Basic- Inlining Shared-Inlining, Hybrid-Inlining C-Mapping XFD x {y 1, y 2,..., y n} for $x in P x/x $x $x/p 1/y 1

ID.parentID.title. root rootid 1 1 The Sartorialist Scott Schuman backpointer 2 Sherlock Holmes Arthur Conan Doyle root. * root.id root..parentid root..title root..auth or 1 1 The Sartorialist Scott Schuman title 2 1 Sherlock Holmes Arthur Conan Doyle ID.title. 1 Sherlock Holmes Arthur Conan Doyle root. root.id root..parentid root..title root.. 1 1 Sherlock Holmes Arthur Conan Doyle 11 root. rootid ID.parentID.parentCODE ID.parentID.title.auth or.id..parentid 1 1 1 1 Scott Schuman 2 2 1 Arthur Conan Doyle title title ID.parentID.parentCODE 3 1 2 Arthur Conan Doyle ID titleid title titleid title 1 Scott Schuman 1 The Sartorialist 1 Sherlock Holmes 2 Arthur Conan Doyle 2 Sherlock Holmes ID.parentID.parentCODE.title ID.parentID.parentCODE.title 3 Arthur Conan Doyle 1 1 1 Sherlock Holmes 1 1 1 The Sartorialist 2 1 1 Sherlock Holmes 10 Basic-Inlining.xml ( 2 ) 12 Shared-Inlining.xml ( 2 ) $x $x/p 2/y 2... $x $x/p n/y n 5. 1. 1 Basic-Inlining Basic-Inlining DTD XML.dtd ( 1 ) XML.xml ( 2 ) 10 Basic-Inlining Basic-Inlining DTD DTD 1 DTD 11 11 backpointer Basic-Inlining (1) ID 2 A (a) * (b) backpointer (2) (a) (b) ID B (3) parentid parentid ID 11 11 ID title (a) (b).. parentid..refrence 10 Basic-Inlining 1 C-Mapping Basic-Inlining ( ) Basic-Inlining A B DTD a G (a) (b) b A XFD a {n n V (G) (P 1(n) P 2(n, a))} P 1 (n) n G (a) (b) a P 2 (n, a) n G 2 B XFD b {n n V (G) (P 3(n) P 2(n, b))} P 3 (n) n G a b 5. 1. 2 Shared-Inlining Shared-Inlining Basic-Inlining DTD XML Shared-Inlining.dtd ( 1 ) XML.xml ( 2 ) 12 Shared-Inlining Shared-Inlining DTD XML (a) (b) * (c) 2 (d) DTD 1 1 DTD (a) root (b),, (c) (d) Shared-Inlining (1) DTD

ID.parentID.parentCODE.title.auth or root rootid ID.parentID.parentCODE.boo k.title.. path pathid pathexpression element docid pathd start end text docid pathid start end value 1 1 #/root 1 1 0... 1 3 23 38 The Sartorialist 2 #/root#/ 1 2 6 87 1 4 59 71 Scott Schuman ID.parentID.parentCODE.title. 3 #/root#/#/title 1 3 12 50 1 3 105 119 Sherlock Holmes 1 1 1 Sherlock Holmes Arthur Conan Doyle 4 #/root#/#/ 5 #/root#/ 1 4 51 80 1 2 88 173 1 4 40 57 Arthur Conan Doyle 1 6 193 207 Sherlock Holmes 6 #/root#/#/title 1 3 94 131 1 7 229 246 Arthur Conan Doyle 1 1 1 The Sartorialist Scott Schuman 2 1 1 Sherlock Holmes Arthur Conan Doyle 7 #/root#/#/ 1 4 132 166 attribute docd pathid start end value 13 Hybrid-Inlining.xml ( 2 ) (a) (d) (2) ID DTD (b),(c),(d) parentid 1 DTD 12 ID title parentid Shared-Inlining 2 C-Mapping Shared-Inlining ( ) Shared-Inlining XML DTD D (a) a XFD a {n n V (D) P 4 (n, a)} P 4 (n, a) n D (a),(b),(c),(d) 2 (b), (c), (d) b XFD b {n n V (D) (P 4 (n, b) P 5 (n))} P 5 (n) n D b 5. 1. 3 Hybrid-Inlining Hybrid-Inlinig Basic-Inlining Shared-Inlining Basic-Inlining Shared-Inlining 5.1.2 (c).dtd ( 1 ) XML.xml ( 2 ) 13 Hybrid-Inlining 3 C-Mapping Hybrid-Inlining 3 Shared-Inlining (c) 14.xml ( 2 ) 5. 2 XML XML DTD XML C-Mapping test.xml XML 5. 2. 1 XML ( ) (path) XML.xml ( 2 ) 14 [2] 4 XML (a) path (b) element (c) attribute (d) text (a) path pathid ( XPath ID) pathexpression ( XPath ) (b) element docid (XML ID) start (XML ( ) ) end (XML ) pathid (path pathid) (c) attribute docid (XML ID) pathid (path pathid), start (XML ) end (XML ) value (XML ) (d) text docid (XML ID) start () end ( ) pathid (path pathid) value () 4 C-Mapping [2] ( ) 4 (a) path XFD+

Edge source ordinal name flag target 1 1 ref 2 1 2 ref 5 1 3 ref 8 2 1 title string v1 2 2 string v2 5 1 title string v3 5 2 string v4 8 1 title string v5 8 2 string v6 Vstring vid value v1 The Sartorialist v2 Scott Schuman v3 Sherlock Holmes v4 Arthur Conan Doyle v5 Sherlock Holmes v6 Arthur Conan Doyle 15.xml ( 2 ) for $n in test.xml//* test.xml//@* $n/@pathid() $n/@path() (b) element XFD+ for $e in test.xml//* test.xml/@docid(), $e/@pre(), $e/@post() $e/@pathid() (c) attribute XFD+ for $a in test.xml//@* test.xml/@docid(), $a/@pathid(), $a/@pre(), $a/@post() $a (d) text XFD+ for $t in test.xml//text() test.xml/@docid(), $t/@pre(), $t/@post() $t/@pathid(), $t 5. 2. 2 XML XML.xml ( 2 ) 15 [3] XML (a) Edge (b) Vtype (a) Edge source ( ID) ordinal (source ID) name ( ), flag (ordinal ) target (ordinal ID) (b) Vtype vid ( ID) value ( ) Vtype string Vstring int Vint Vtype 5 C-Mapping [3] ( ) (a) Edge XFD+ for $n in test.xml//* for $e in $n/@edges() $n, $e $n/@nodename(), $e/@childnode()/@type(), $e/@childnode()/@nodeid() (b) Vtype XFD+ for $v in test.xml//text()[./@type()=string] test.xml//@* [./@type()=string] $v/@nodeid() $v (b) string Vtype Vtype string 6. XML-RDB C-Mapping C-Mapping (1) XML 1 RDB n:1 (2) XIND (B)(#20700076) [1] Jayavel Shanmugasundaram, Kristin Tufte, Gang He, Chun Zhang, David De Witt, Jeffrey Naughton: Relational Databases for Querying XML Documents:Limitations and Opportunities. the 25th VLDB Conference: 302-314, 1999. [2] M. Yoshikawa, T. Amagasa, T. Shimura and S. Uemura: XRel: A path-based approach to storage and retrieval of XML documents using relational databases, ACM Transactions on Internet Technology(TOIT), 1( 1): 110-141, 2001. [3] Daniela Florescu, Donald Kossmann: Storing and Querying XML Data using an RDMBS. Bulletin of the Technical Committee on Data Engineering, 22(3): 27-34, 1999. [4] Yi Chen, Susan Davidson, Carmem Hara, Yifeng Zheng: RRXS: Redundancy reducing XML storage in relations. the 29th VLDB Conference: 189-200, 2003. [5] B. Box, The XML Data Model, 1997, http://www.w3.org/xml/datamodel.html. [6] Serge Abiteboul, Richard Hull, Victor Vianu: Foundations of Databases. Addison-Wesley 1995. [7] ISO/IEC 9075:1999, Information Technology-Database Language-SQL-Part 1-5 1999. [8] Michael Karlinger, Millist W. Vincent, Michael Schrefl: Inclusion Dependencies in XML: Extending Relational Semantics. In Database and Expert Systems Applications, volume 5690 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science: 23-37, 2009.

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