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23 Experimental investigation of Natural Use Profiles of Pen Pressure, Tilt and Azimuth 1120230 2012 3 1

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Abstract Experimental investigation of Natural Use Profiles of Pen Pressure, Tilt and Azimuth Yoshitaka OHARA People can easily use the digital pen because the digital pen and the regular pen are similar in shape. Pen input has been widely adopted as a major interaction modality for electronic charts, portable game machines and electronic whiteboards, due to its short learning curve, portability, outdoor availability, and ease of manipulation. Therefore, pen input has received much attention in recent years. For pen input, only a single point, the x-y position of the pen tip, is commonly used for interaction. To expand the communication bandwidth, additional pen characteristics such as pen pressure, tilt and azimuth are needed. Previous studies have investigated pen pressure, tilt and azimuth for holding, normal drawing and writing [1]. In this study, we experimentally investigated pen pressure, tilt and azimuth for tracing operation. The results of our study will be beneficial to pen-based interaction design. key words HCI, Pressure, Tilt, Azimuth, Natural operation, Pen operation, Different sizes, Different positions ii

1 1 1.1...................................... 1 1.2...................................... 2 2 3 2.1,,............... 3 2.2................ 3 3 5 3.1.................................... 5 3.2................................... 5 3.3................................. 6 3.3.1............................. 6 3.3.2............................. 7 3.3.3............................... 7 3.3.4................................ 8 3.4.................................. 8 3.5................................... 9 4 10 4.1...................................... 10 4.1.1............................. 10 4.1.2............................... 12 4.2...................................... 16 4.2.1............................. 16 iii

4.2.2............................... 17 4.3...................................... 21 4.3.1............................. 21 4.3.2............................... 22 4.4...................................... 26 4.5................................... 33 4.5.1............................... 33 4.5.2............................ 34 4.5.3............................. 35 4.5.4................................. 35 4.5.5.......................... 36 5 37 5.1...................................... 37 5.2.................................. 38 5.2.1.................... 38 5.2.2...................... 38 6 40 42 43 iv

3.1 Cintiq21UX LCD. 6 3.2.................. 6 3.3.................................... 7 3.4................................. 8 4.1 ( ).................. 11 4.2 ( ).................. 11 4.3....................... 12 4.4 ( )................... 13 4.5 ( )................... 14 4.6........................ 15 4.7...................... 16 4.8....................... 17 4.9....................... 17 4.10........................ 19 4.11........................ 20 4.12...................... 21 4.13....................... 22 4.14....................... 22 4.15........................ 24 4.16........................ 25 4.17...................... 26 4.18...................... 27 4.19 [1].................... 28 v

4.20.................. 28 4.21....................... 29 4.22....................... 30 4.23....................... 31 4.24....................... 32 4.25....................... 32 4.26....................... 33 4.27 ( )............................. 34 4.28 ( ).......................... 34 4.29 ( )........................... 35 4.30 ( )............................... 36 4.31 ( )........................ 36 vi

vii

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1.2,. 1.2 X Y..,,., [1].,,,.,,.,,.,,....,,,,.,.. 2

2 2.1,,, XIN Natural Use Profiles for the Pen: An Empirical Exploration of Pressure, Tilt, and Azimuth [1].,,,.,.,,.,.,. 2.2 [2].,..,.,, 3

2.2. 4

3. 3.1, 20 23 ( 21.3 ). 8. ( ). 3.2, Wacom Cintiq21UX LCD ( 3.1) ( 3.2). OS, Microsoft Windows XP., 1600 1280 pixels.,, 0 1023 unit, 22 90, 0 359. 45. 5

3.3 実験デザイン 図 3.1 Cintiq21UX インタラクティブ LCD グラフィックディスプレイタブレット 図 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 尺性チップ付きワイヤレススタイラスペン 実験デザイン 入力枠の設定 本実験では, 表示された実験タスク (図 3.4) をペンでトレースする形 (トレーシング) で操 作する (図 3.3). 本実験には 2 種類あり, 1 つ目が異なるサイズの入力枠への入力である. 入 力枠のサイズが 1280 1024, 800 640, 320 256 pixels である. 2 つ目が異なる位置の 入力枠への入力である. 最大枠 1280 1024 pixels を上下左右に 4 分割したものである. 1 つのサイズが 640 512 pixels である. 6

3.3 実験デザイン 3.3.2 トレーシング 本実験では, 表示された実験タスク (図 3.4) をペンでトレースする形 (トレーシング) で操 作する (図 3.3). トレーシングでの操作は, 表示されたタスクをペンで上書きするようにペ ンを動かす入力方法である 図 3.3. 図 3.3 3.3.3 操作画面 実験タスク 実験タスクは, ペンを各方向に動かすことを意識している. この実験タスクを選んだのは 鉛筆やボールペンなどの自由筆記と同じ動作が行えるからである. 実験タスクの種類は 10 種類 図 3.4 である この実験タスクの順方向と逆方向への操作を行う. 7

3.4 3.4 3.3.4 10 2 2 7 280 8 8 280 2240 3.4 1.,,,. 2.. 3.. 4.,. 5.. 8

3.5 6.. 7.,. 8.,, 1. 9. 1. 10... 11.. 3.5 (Pressure). (Tilt). (Azimuth).,,,.,.,.,. 9

4 4.1 4.1.1 4.1 ( ). 4.2 ( ). 4.3., F 2,2046 = 3.614, p < 0.05.. 10

4.1 4.1 ( ) 4.2 ( ) 11

4.1 4.3 4.1.2 4.4 ( ). 4.5 ( ). 4.6. 4.7.,,, F 3,3069 = 4.014, p < 0.05.. 12

4.1 4.4 ( ) 13

4.1 4.5 ( ) 14

4.1 4.6 15

4.2 4.7 4.2 4.2.1 4.8. 4.9., F 2,98 = 7.063, p < 0.05.. 16

4.2 4.8 4.9 4.2.2 4.10. 4.11. 4.12 17

4.2. F 3,147 = 1.830, p < 0.05.. 18

4.2 4.10 19

4.2 4.11 20

4.3 4.12 4.3 4.3.1 4.13. 4.14.,, F 2,718 = 61.058, p < 0.05.. 21

4.3 4.13 4.14 4.3.2 4.15. 4.16. 4.17 22

4.3.,,, F 3,1077 = 34.245, p < 0.05.. 23

4.3 4.15 24

4.3 4.16 25

4.4 4.17 4.4 4.18. 4.19 [1]. 4.20. 4.21. 4.22. 4.23. 4.24. 4.25. 4.26.,. 26

4.4,. 4.18 27

4.4 4.19 [1] 4.20 28

4.4 4.21 29

4.4 4.22 30

4.4 4.23 31

4.4 4.24 4.25 32

4.5 4.26 4.5,,, 7. 1( ) 7( ). 4.27 4.31. 4.5.1 4.27.. 33

4.5 4.27 ( ) 4.5.2 4.28.. 4.28 ( ) 34

4.5 4.5.3 4.29.. 4.29 ( ) 4.5.4 4.30..,. 35

4.5 4.30 ( ) 4.5.5 4.31..,. 4.31 ( ) 36

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TU Huawei, FU Yuan, 42

[1] Xin, Y., Bi, X. and Ren, X. (2012). Natural Use Profiles for the Pen: An Empirical Exploration of Pressure, Tilt, and Azimuth, to appear in Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2012, 5-10 May 2012, Austin, Texas), ACM Press. [2] 21 2010 [3] VII pp.1-6 1999 [4] : 2008 pp.203-210 2008) [5] :,,Vol.39, No.5, pp.1536-1546 1998. 43