27 271119 (GOSATGOSAT-2 Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) JAXA Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 0
GOSAT (JAXA) 2005.8.1 JAXA NASA, ESA JAXA 1
2 2 GOSAT JAXA JAXA (NASA, ESA) JAXA GOSAT NIES 2
3 2000 3
4 (2) (L) H21.1.23 5 H26.1.23 22 L+3 L+6 L+5 2014525 2015126FTS 20158 2FTS TIR JAXAGOSAT 4
3.7 m x 1.8 m x 2.0 m 13.7m 1750kg 3.8 KW 5 13:00+/-0:15 666km 98 GOSAT TANSO( 炭素 )=Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observation 3 H-IIA 15 20092312:54 TANSO-FTS (Fourier Transform Spectrometer) TANSO-CAI (Cloud and Aerosol Imager) FTS CAI (JAXA) 5
CAIFTS - FTS - FTS - No. (nm) (nm) (IFOV) (km) (km) (cross track) 1 372-387 380 0.5 1000 2000 2 667-680 678 0.5 1000 2000 3 866-877 870 0.5 1000 2000 4 1560-1640 1620 1.5 750 500 6
TANSO-FTS Level 1B Band 1P Band 1S SWIR (NIR) Band 2P Band 2S Band 3P TIR Band 3S Band 4 7
TANSO-FTS JAXAAORI (JAXA) 8
X CO2 : Column averaged dry air mole fraction CO 2 O 2 divide (ACOS) X CO2 9
cirrus aerosols 10
(V02.11)30 (XCO 2 ) April 2009 - May 2015 (GOSAT) XCO 2 XCH 4 2.5303 30 (XCH 4 ) XCO TANSO-FTS SWIR Level 2 2 XCH (Ver.02.21, 4. 02.31, 02.40) 11 11
XCO 2 (ppm) 1.9 ~ 2.0 ppm () 12
XCH 4 () (ppm) 13
14
GOSAT FTS Poker Flat(CH 4 ) Eureka Ny Alesund Park Falls Four Corners Bremen Karlsruhe Orleans Sodankyla Yekaterinburg Bialystok Rikubetsu JPL / Caltech Lamont Izana Garmisch Moshiri Tsukuba Saga Manaus Ascension Island Reunion Darwin Wollongong Lauder GOSAT TCCON=Total Carbon Column Observing Network http://tccon.ornl.gov/ 15
TANSO FTS SWIR Level 2 XCO 2 XCH 4 (V02.21) TCCON GOSAT XCO 2 [ppm] ~ -0.5 ppm, ~ 2.2 ppm XCO 2 GOSAT XCH 4 [ppm] ~ - 0.004 ppm, ~ 0.013 ppm XCH 4 [ppm] TCCON FTS XCO 2 [ppm] TCCON FTS XCH 4 16
CONTRAIL, NOAA, DOE, NIES, HIPPO NIES-JAXA CONTRAIL: Inoue et al. (2013, ACP) NOAA, DOE, NIES, NIES JAXA: CO 2 (47) CO 2 ~ 0.2 ppm XCO 2 ~ 1 ppm : Araki et al. (2010, ACP) Miyamoto et al. (2013, ACP) CH 4 (28) CH 4 ~ 2 ppb XCH 4 ~ 15 ppb CONTRAIL data (Machida et al., 2008): 20 sites (2007-2010) NOAA/DOE data: 17 sites (2007-2011) NIES data: 4 sites (2008-2010) HIPPO data: 5-6 sites (2009-2010) NIES-JAXA campaign data: 1 site (2010) CONTRAIL (JAL project) 17
GOSAT 2 deg. 5 deg. GOSAT GOSAT XCO 2 (ppm) r=0.85 r=0.96 Aircraft XCO 2 (ppm) Land: 74 Ocean: 11-0.682.56 ppm -1.821.04 ppm GOSAT XCO 2 (ppm) r=0.86 r=0.82 Aircraft XCO 2 (ppm) Land: 182 Ocean: 40-0.992.51 ppm -2.271.79 ppm Aircraft site XCO 2 Inoue et al. (2013, ACP) GOSAT XCO XCH 2 4 (ppm) (ppb) r=0.61 Aircraft XCH 4 (ppb) Land: 43 Ocean: 3 1.514.9 ppb 4.19.4 ppb GOSAT XCH XCO 4 (ppb) 2 (ppm) r=0.64 r=0.93 Aircraft XCH 4 (ppb) Land: 102 Ocean: 10 2.016.0 ppb 6.58.8 ppb XCH 4 Inoue et al. (2014, AMT) 18
GOSAT L1A L1B L1L2 L4B L4A L2 L3 19
GOSAT CO 2 20
64 20107 20117 20127 : GOSAT XCO 2 55 GLOBALVIEW 43r64 (GOSAT Level 4A CO 2, V02.03) 21
4B V02.03) 6 2.5 800 m 201020112012 GOSAT L4B Data Product 0.925 sigma-level, 01 01 00 2010 2011 2012 JAXA/NIES/MOE 22
43 20101 20111 20121 : GOSAT XCH 4 2.52.5 43r (GOSAT Level 4A CH 4, V01.02) 23
4B V0.02) (EDGAR v4.2) GFED (ppm) CH 4 11 800 m (Eta Level =.925) (20096 20125) 24
276 GOSATWebGUIG605 271016 25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 Ca 4 4 Al 11 7 2 1 21 Va 15 7 1 2 2 1 1 29 Mo 6 8 3 17 Ap 16 14 9 2 3 2 1 1 48 (Ap / Va) 2 2 (Mo / Ap) 1 1 52 36 18 5 5 3 1 2 122 26
Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 Total Japan 23 8 1 1 1 1 35 USA 7 8 3 1 3 22 Germany 6 2 1 1 10 China 1 2 1 2 6 Canada 3 2 5 France 2 2 1 5 Netherlands 3 1 1 5 UK 2 3 5 Russia 4 4 Finland 2 1 1 4 Australia 2 1 3 India 1 1 2 Italy 2 2 Korea 1 1 2 Spain 1 1 2 Indonesia 1 1 2 Belgium 1 1 Brazil 1 1 Czech 1 1 NewZealand 1 1 Norway 1 1 Singapore 1 1 Taiwan, ROC 1 1 Malaysia 1 1 Total 52 36 18 5 5 3 1 2 122 27
GOSAT PI 2008 2011 1st RA PI Meeting @ Tokyo, Japan, November6 7, 2008 2010 3rd RA PI Meeting @ Edinburgh, UK, May 19 20, 2011 2012 2nd RA PI Meeting @ Kyoto, Japan, January 28 29, 2010 2013 28
GOSAT PI 2014 GOSAT 2014.6.9-12 2015 7GOSAT 2015.6.15 (+ 6.16-18 IWGGMS-11) 29
ESA) GHG-CCI (SCIAMACHY + GOSAT) (Greenhouse Gas Climate Change Initiative) 30
20151116 Web http://www.gosat.nies.go.jp/recent-global-co2.html http://www.gosat.nies.go.jp/ 31 31
OCO-2) D. Crisp 6GOSAT 2014 GOSAT CAI Forward Radiative Transfer Model Spectra + Jacobians NASA DC-8 AMES AJAX LSPEC Instrument Model Spectral+Polarization Inverse Model Compare obs. & simulated spectra Update State Vector not converged? converged AERONET Crisp: OCO-2 Mission Page 32 32
OCO-2 (20151029) 33
2162412 3 CO 2 CO 2 34
- GOSAT 273 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 1 GOSAT GOSAT : 20 17 13 5 1 15 3 32 25 12 14 5 5 7 54 43 50 4 42 8 8 1 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 35
GOSAT-2 CG GOSAT-2 CAI-2 FTS-2 36 (c)melco 36
GOSATGOSAT-2 GOSAT GOSAT-2 20091, 5 2017, 5 ( 3.7 x 1.8 x 2.0 m, 1750kg, 3.8KW (5), 666 km, 3, 13:00 Band 1 : 0.76 0.78 µm Band 2 : 1.56 1.72 µm Band 3 : 1.92 2.08 µm Band 4 : 5.6 14.3 µm = 10.5 kmf B1 = 380 nm B2 = 674 nm B3 = 870 nm B4 = 1600 nm 5.3 x 2.0 x 2.8 m, <2000kg, 5.0KW, 613 km, 6, 13:0015 min Band 1 : 0.75 0.77 µm Band 2 : 1.56 1.69 µm Band 3 : 1.92 2.33 µm Band 4 : 5.5 8.4 µm Band 5 : 8.4 14.3 µm = 9.7 kmf B1-5:, B6-10: B1 = 343 nm B6 = 380 nm B2 = 443 nm B7 = 550 nm B3 = 674 nm B8 = 674 nm B4 = 869 nm B9 = 869 nm B5 = 1630 nm B10= 1630 nm B1-B3 = 500 m / 1000 km, B4 = 1.5 km / 750 km B1-B4, B6-B9=460 m/920 km B5, B10 = 0.92km / 920 km GOSAT-2 FTS-2 ATSN 37 37
201511 ESA ENVISAT SCIAMACHY GOSAT NASA OCO 2 TanSat NASA OCO 3(ISS) GOSAT 2 CNES MicroCarb ESA CarbonSat 2002/3 2012/4 2009/1 + 5 2014/7 + 2 2015/6 + 3 2017 Fall + 3 2018/1 + 5 2018 + 3 2020 + 5 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 () SCIAMACHY GOSAT OCO 2 TanSat 201511 OCO 3 GOSAT 2 MicroCarb CarbonSat ESA ENVISAT (20022012) GOSAT (2009) NASA OCO 2 (2014) TanSat (2015) CNES MicroCarb (2018) ESA CarbonSat (2020) 38
GOSAT5 7 2017GOSATGOSAT-2 GOSAT-2 GOSAT OCO-2 () TanSat ( ) GOSAT-2 39