( ) )
(SM/MM) (UTP TP USB RSC232- C ) RJ11, RJ45, ST, SC MIC (AM, FM) ( * ) (NRZ )
P2P ( - )!
( )
& TDM( )/FDM( ) ( ) ( )
/ ( )
(IP) (*) vs RADIUS
( ) (CDN Grid) ( )
(1) ( ) HTML XML VRML MPEG AVI JPEG GIF DOLBY
T) ( V) T)
T) ( V) T) ( T) T V?
? Shannon 2 4 16 8 32 16 64 32 128 (*) (db)
(2) WEB
<< point2point Legacy Multiple to single (*)
Shannon Source encode Receiver decode No Computing Node (Transparent Pipe) If ( ) {!!} else Source Receiver
Shannon (?) Source Source Receiver Source Source Source vs Receiver!! (*) vs
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) (1) ( ) ( )
(2) (AA ) (AA ) ( ) ( ) e.g., (
( ) (A D ) D D ( ) ( )
( ) (AD ) (MIC) ( ) ( ) (DA ) (SPK) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) e.g., (
( ) e.g., MIDI (AD ) ( ) (DA ) (SPK) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) e.g., (
DSL
Digital over Analogue over Digital.. : : xdsl
Broadband & Always-On) DSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line On) 512Kbps 1.5Mbps, 128Kbps 256Kbps ( ) NTT ADSL ADSL
32 256 0 4 26 138 1104 khz
STB Set Top Box CMTS Cable Modem Termination System O/E E/O CMTS HUB Servers STB
, 60 ch 54MHz 450MHz FM 260 ch 450MHz 650MHz 650MHz 775MHz 875MHz 1GHz
14
1 : (1979 ) 2 (G2) (1993 ) PDC(Personal Digital Cellular) TDMA by NTT DoCoMo J-Phone GSM(Global System for Mobile Communications) TDMA by IS-95(Intermediate Standard-95) CDMA by, cdmaone(ddi/ido) IS-136(Intermediate Standard-136) TDMA by
PHS(Personal Handyphone System) DECT(Digital Enhanced Codeless Telecommunications)
1.152 Mbps 382kbps 270.833 kbps 1.2288Mcps ( ) 48.6kbps 42kbps GMSK / QPSK GMSK BPSK QPSK / QPSK / QPSK 24 8 8-3 3 1.728MH z 300kHz 400kHz 1.25MHz 60kHz 50kHz TDMA-FDD TDMA-FDD TDMA-FDD CDMA-FDD TDMA-FDD TDMA-FDD 1.9GHz 1.9GHz 900MHz 800MHz 800MHz 1.9GHz 800MHz 1.5GHz 1992 1997 1992 1996 1994 1993 DECT PHS GSM IS-95 IS136 PDC
CDP-D (Cellular Digital Packet Data) : 19.2kbps PIAFS(PHS Internet Access Forum Standard): 96kbps PHS PDC-P (Personal Digital Cellular Packet): 28.8kbps NTT DoCoMo J-Phone GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) : 171.2kbps GSM SGSN(Serving GPRS Support Node) cdma-p (cdma Packet) : 64kbps IS-95(B) CDMA EDGE(Enhanced Data rates for GSM and TDMA-136 Evolution) : 384kbps GSM HSCSD(High Speed Circuit Switched Data) : 57.6kbps GSM
PHS CS PHS /ISDN PIAFS TAP PS Digital Analogue PTE Modem PIAFS: PHS Internet Access Forum Standard TAP: Terminal Adaptor for PHS PTE : Protocol Transfer Equipment PS: Personal Station CS Cell Site for PSs
PDC-P <PDC-P> PPM PGW Internet MS P-MDE MDE HLR MSC GMSC <PDC> PGW: Packet Gateway PPM: Packet Processing Module P-MDE: Packet Modulation Demodulation Equipment HLR: Home Location Register MSC: Mobile Switching Center MS : Mobile Station POTS/ISDN
PDP-P (PDP Packet) TCP IP PPP ayer2 ayer1 TE Layer2 C C M M R T LAPD Layer1 Layer1 MS Layer1 P-MDE Layer1 R T MC MC LAPD Layer2 Layer1 Layer1 PPM IP PPP Layer2 Layer2 Layer1 IP Layer1 PGW TCP IP PPP Layer2 Layer1 DTE ) ( ) ( ( ) ( ) ) CC: Call Control MM: Mobility Management RT: Radio Frequency Transmission Management LAPDM: Link Access Procedure for Digital Mobile Channel DTE: Data Transmission Terminal
i, WAP (e.g., i ) Internet GW GW
I/F i HTML APL (HTTP ) APL (HTTP ) HTTP SMTP HTML HTTP SMTP TLP PDC-P PDC-P i TLP TCP IP TCP IP TCP PPM M-PGW i IP ALP: Application Layer Protocol TLP: Transport Layer Protocol PPM: Packet Processing Module M-PGW: Mobile Packet Gateway TCP IP Content Provide
ETC 5.25 5.35 LAN 5.15 5.25 5.75 5.85 LAN LAN.00GHz 5.20GHz 5.40GHz 5.60GHz 5.80GHz 6.00GH
(aka. )!!! ( LSI ) (aka. ) ( LSI )
/ ( ) vs
Process OS: Operating System AP Lib AP Lib Operating System
Operating System CPU
Operating System Single User Single Process DOS Single User Multi Process Windows95 Multi User Multi Process UNIX, NT
TSS & TSS:
System Call Library Routine System Call OS Library routine Application Program Library Routine System Call System Call Operating System
UNIX open, read, write, close
% csh...
Open: fd = open(filename, flags, mode) 0 1 2 3 Read/write: read(fd, buf, nbyte) write(fd, buf, nbyte) close: close(fd) File
(1) ( ) ISP( )
(2) CSP( ) Contents Aggregator (e.g., ) (e.g., ) ASP (Application Service Provider) SIer (System Integrator)
>> ( / ) >> ( << ) >>
B-to-B : Business to Business Closed Network (Intranet, Extranet) B-to-C Business to Customer Open Network C-to-C Customer to Customer Full Open Network
( ) (e.g., ) ( disconnecting..) (Presence) Peer-to-Peer Client-Server Peer-to-Peer