22 A inspection of communication resercation-of-quarity using congestion adaptive transfer 1235 22 2 8
QoS QoS QoS QoS QoS,QoS,QoS,IPv6 i
Abstract A inspection of communication resercation-of-quarity using congestion adaptive transfer TOYOSHIMA Shuhei QoS controll type transfer is a technique of securing transfer quality. It reserves the network resources,and network will be statefull.demerit of statefull network is to complicate network structure. This research proposes to reserve transfer quality by stateless network named adaptive type transfer.and modelling QoS adaptive type transfer.then show a transfer quality will be reserved. key words QoS,QoS controll type transfer,qos adaptive type transfer,ipv6 ii
1 1 2 3 2.1 QoS...................................... 3 2.1.1 QoS........................ 4......................... 5 2.1.2 RSVP................................. 5 2.1.3 Intserv................................. 6 2.2 IPv6..................................... 7 2.2.1.................... 7 2.3............................. 1 2.3.1 IPv6......................... 1.................... 1................... 11............................. 12 IPv6.................. 13 2.4............................ 14 2.5............... 14................................ 15.......................... 15.................................. 15............................ 16 2.5.1..................... 16 2.5.2............ 17 iii
2.5.3.............. 17................................ 17............................... 18..................... 18 (FEC)............ 19 2.5.4..................... 19 2.6...................... 2............... 2......................... 21 3 23 3.1 QoS............................... 23 3.2............................ 24 3.2.1................................. 24 3.3...................... 25 4 26 4.1...................................... 26 4.2...................................... 27 4.2.1 lossgen................................ 28................................ 28 4.2.2 sendcatp.............................. 29................................ 3 4.2.3 sendppm............................... 3................................ 3 4.2.4 recvcatp............................... 31 4.2.5 loganalyser.............................. 32 iv
................................ 32 4.2.6 ppmanalyser............................. 32................................ 32 5 34 5.1 1..................................... 34 5.1.1........................... 34 5.1.2................................ 36 5.1.3................................ 36 5.1.4.................................. 36 5.2 2.................................... 4 5.2.1................................ 4 5.2.2................................ 42 5.2.3................................ 42 5.2.4.................................. 44 6 46 6.1.................................. 46 6.1.1................. 46 6.1.2 JPEG........................ 46 6.1.3........ 47 6.1.4............ 47................................ 47 OSI............... 47 6.1.5............ 48................................ 49 OSI............... 49 v
6.1.6.......... 5................................ 5................ 5 52 53 A 55 A.1................................... 55 A.2 Live!Eclipse( )......................... 56 A.3...................... 56 A.4 in................. 57 A.4.1....................... 58 A.5 Live!Eclipse( ).............................. 58 A.5.1....................... 59 A.6 DSM.................................. 6 A.6.1....................... 61 A.7 YOSAKOI....................... 61 A.8.............................. 62 A.8.1....................... 63............................ 64 A.9................................ 65 A.1 ISOM............................. 66 A.1.1....................... 67 A.11 in.............. 67 vi
2.1 Token Backet........................... 6 2.2 IPv6.................................. 8 3.1............................. 24 4.1 1................................ 27 4.2 2................................ 28 4.3 lossgen............................... 29 4.4 sendppm.............................. 3 4.5.............................. 31 4.6 ppmanalyser............................ 33 5.1 1......................... 35 5.2 %................... 37 5.3 2 %.................. 37 5.4 4 %.................. 38 5.5 6 %.................. 38 5.6 8 %.................. 39 5.7 2......................... 41 5.8 % ( ) ( )............................ 43 5.9 2 % ( ) ( )........................... 43 5.1 4 % ( ) ( )........................... 43 vii
5.11 6 % ( ) ( )........................... 45 5.12 8 % ( ) ( )........................... 45 6.1...................... 48 6.2...................... 49 6.3......................... 51 A.1 in....... 59 A.2 Live!Eclipse( )...................... 6 A.3 DSM........................... 61 A.4....................... 63 A.5 ISOM.......................... 68 viii
1.1............................. 1 2.1............................. 9 2.2 IPv6..................... 1 5.1 1.............................. 35 5.2............................. 39 5.3........................ 4 5.4 2.............................. 42 ix
1 xdsl FWA IMT-2 CATV 2 1 1 1.1 MPEG2ts FEC (FowardErrorCorrection) FEC WindowsMedia,RealMedia,DVTS,MPEG2ts IPv4Unicast,IPv4Multicast,IPv6Unicast,IPv6Multicast Wireless LAN,Ethernet,ATM,Satellite 1.1 1
FEC Intserv Diffserv QoS QoS 2
2 QoS IPv6 2.1 QoS QoS QoS Quality of Service IETF Intserv [1] QoS QoS QoS ( ) 3
2.1 QoS CG 2.1.1 QoS QoS 2 OSI QoS QoS QoS OSI QoS QoS 4
2.1 QoS QoS ( ) - ( ) adminition control classifier packet scheduler shaper 2.1.2 RSVP RSVP Resource reservation Protocol IETF RFC225 [7] RFC228 [6] RFC229 [3] RSVP RSVP 5
2.1 QoS RSVP Flowspec QoS Flowspec Token Backet Token Backet 2.1 token token backet queue consume token send packet 2.1 Token Backet RSVP RSVP 2.1.3 Intserv Intserv Intergrated services IETF RFC221 [2] RFC2211 [14] RFC2212 [13] RFC2215 [12] RSVP Intserv Guaranteed Service 6
2.2 IPv6 Controlled Load Services Intserv Flowspec Intserv 2.2 IPv6 IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6) IPv4 IPv4 IPv6 IETF RFC 2.2.1 IETF RFC246 [5] IPv6 IPv6 2.2 IPv6 IPv6 7
2.2 IPv6 version field (4bit) Traffic Class field (8bit) payload length (16 bit) flow Label (2 bit) next header (8 bit) hop limit (8 bit) source address (128 bit) destination address (128 bit) 2.2 IPv6 IPv6 8 ( ) 8
2.2 IPv6 IPv6 RFC1883 [4] 4 7 8 15 2.1 2.1 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 4 ( FTP NFS) 5 ( ) 6 ( telnet X) 7 ( RTP SNMP) 8 15 RFC246 obsolute 9
2.3 2.2 IPv6 8bit 4bit 4bit 112bit (11111111) 2.3 2.3.1 IPv6 2.2 8 1 T 1
2.3 3 4 (Transient) IANA 4 1. 2. 3. 8 1 9 ( ) 2 A ( ) 3 ( ) B ( ) 4 ( ) C ( ) 5 C ( ) 6 ( ) E 7 ( ) F IANA 11
2.3 Group No 1 IPv6 2 IPv6 43 NTP 1: DHC IPv6 ICMP ICMP 13 131 132 ICMP 1234567 8912345 6789123 4567891 131 ( 12
2.3 ) ICMP 132 ( ) ICMP 1. 13 ( ) ICMP 2. 131 ( ) 3. ICMP 131 IPv6 IPv4 (MLD: Multicast Listener Discovery) 13
2.4 (MLD IGMPv2 ) PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) PIM IPv6 IPv6 2.4 IP IP TCP Ack Ack Ack Ack Ack Implosion: TCP 2.5 14
2.5 CAD Web IP TV 15
2.5 Ack 2.5.1 CATV 16
2.5 ATM 2.5.2 TCP IRTF 1 2.5.3 ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) ARQ TCP LAN TCP 1 (RFC248 draft-ietf-rmt-bb-track-1.txt draft-artf-bb-fec-2.txt draft-ietf-rmt-bb-lcc-.txt draft-ietf-rmt-bb-tree-config-2.txt) 17
2.5 Nack ( ) Selective Nack ( ) UDP IP Ack Migration Merge Cisco Tibco PGM (Pragmatic General Multicast) PGM Nack Nack Purdu AT&T RMTP (Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol) Sally Floyd SRM (Scalable Reliable Multicast) RMTP 18
2.5 Ack SRM RMTP (FEC) (FEC: Foward Error Correction) Reed-Solomon FEC 2.5.4 19
2.6 IETF RMT 2.6 2 1 (RIBB: Regional Internet BackBone) 3 2
2.6 xdsl CATV JGN JGN (Japan Gigabit Network) JGN CATV xdsl JGN A.11 21 11 ISOM 12 FEC 21
2.6! RIBB JGN FEC Multicast Multicast Router Multicast Router FEC FEC 22
3 QoS QoS QoS 3.1 QoS QoS QoS QoS QoS 23
3.2 send node receive node router group 3.1 QoS 3.2 QoS 3.2.1 3.1 24
3.3 QoS 3.3 25
4 PC IPv6 UNIX 4.1 2 1 1 ID ID UDP 4.1 2 26
4.2 graph sender node ID data ID data ID data log receiver node ID data ID data ID data happen congestion router group 4.1 1 1 PPM PPM UDP 4.2 4.2 27
4.2 picture picture reconstruction PPM sender node PPM log receiver node ID data ID data ID data ID data ID data ID data happen congestion router group 4.2 2 4.2.1 lossgen 4.3 28
4.2 priority priority 1 receive unit priority 2 send unit priority 9 priority queue 4.3 lossgen 1 1 R P R > P 4.2.2 sendcatp ID 29
4.2 picture loader PPM ppm balancer balanced ppm packet sender prioritied packet 4.4 sendppm 999999 ID pri ID pri = ID mod 1 4.2.3 sendppm PPM 4.4 3
4.2 PPM 4.5 ppm Pix color B G R density priority gradation 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 LSB MSB high low group 4.5 1. RGB 2. 8 1 3. 4.2.4 recvcatp 31
4.2 loganalyser ppmanalyser 4.2.5 loganalyser recvcatp ID 1 4.2.6 ppmanalyser recvcatp PPM PPM 4.6 32
4.2 log reader log data read log log analyser ppm restructure data ppm remaker write PPM 4.6 ppmanalyser sendppm PPM PPM 33
5 5.1 1 5.1.1 5.1 senderpc sendcatp 1 ID paclet loss generate PC lossgen receivepc 34
5.1 1 senderpc sendcatp MR1 ::1 12::/64 ::2 packet loss genarate PC lossgen MR2 ::2 ::3 receiverpc 23::/64 recvcatp, loganalyser MR3 5.1 1 recvcatp loganalyser 5.1 senderpc packet loss generate PC receivepc MR1 MR2 MR3 IP addr / prefixlen 12::1 / 64 12::2 / 64 23::3 / 64 23::2 / 64 CPU PentiumIII PentiumIII PentiumIII 45MHz 45MHz 45MHz 64MB 64MB 64MB OS FreeBSD 4.4 FreeBSD 4.4 FreeBSD 4.4 5.1 1 35
5.1 1 5.1.2 1. packet loss create PC lossgen 2. recverpc recvcatp 3. senderpc sendcatp 4. senderpc sendcatp 5. receiverpc loganalyser 6. 5.1.3 % 2% 4% 6% 8% 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.6 x ID y z 5.2 5.1.4 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.2 5.3 5.3 AllSendP p PriPacket(p) 36
5.1 1 5.2 % 5.3 2 % 37
5.1 1 5.4 4 % 5.5 6 % 38
5.1 1 5.6 8 % % 2 % 4 % 6 % 8 % ( % ) 1 1 1 1 1 1 ( % ) 1 1 1 1 89.2 2 ( % ) 1 1 1 1 3 ( % ) 1 1 1 88.8 4 ( % ) 1 1 1 5 ( % ) 1 1 9.4 6 ( % ) 1 1 7 ( % ) 1 9.4 8 ( % ) 1 9 ( % ) 9. 1 9898 793 5984 3887 1892 5.2 39
5.2 2 ( % ) 2 4 6 8 1 9898 793 5964 3887 1892 8 7 4 2 5.3 ReceiveP pri i= PriPacket(i) ReceiveP (5.1) pri LossPer pri i= PriPacket(i) AllSendP LossPer (5.2) pri 5.1 1 1 5.2 5.2 2 5.2.1 5.2.1 4
5.2 2 senderpc sendppm MR1 ::1 12::/64 ::2 packet loss genarate PC lossgen MR2 ::2 ::3 receiverpc 23::/64 recvcatp, ppmanalyser MR3 5.7 2 senderpc sendppm PPM UDP packet loss generate PC lossgen receivepc recvcatp ppmanalyser PPM 5.4 41
5.2 2 senderpc packet loss generate PC receivepc MR1 MR2 MR3 IP addr / prefixlen 12::1 / 64 12::2 / 64 23::3 / 64 23::2 / 64 CPU PentiumIII PentiumIII PentiumIII 45MHz 45MHz 45MHz 64MB 64MB 64MB OS FreeBSD 4.4 FreeBSD 4.4 FreeBSD 4.4 5.4 2 5.2.2 1. packet loss generate PC lossgen 2. receivepc recvcatp 3. senderpc sendppm 4. senderpc secdppm 5. receiverpc ppmanalyser PPM 5.2.3 % 2% 4% 6% 8% 5.8 5.9 5.1 5.12 42
5.2 2 5.8 % ( ) ( ) 5.9 2 % ( ) ( ) 5.1 4 % ( ) ( ) 43
5.2 2 5.2.4 5.8 5.9 5.1 5.11 5.12 44
5.2 2 5.11 6 % ( ) ( ) 5.12 8 % ( ) ( ) 45
6 QoS QoS 6.1 6.1.1 FreeBSD 4.4 IPv6 RFC 2553 [8] 6.1.2 JPEG DCT JPEG 46
6.1 6.1.3 6.1.4 IPv6 OSI 6.2 OSI 1. (Application) (contents) 2. (convert module) a b 47
6.1 application layer Application contents presentation layer convert module layered contents reconstruction mechanizm rules priority contents stream session layer session 6.1 c (layered contents) 3. (reconstruction mechanizm) 4. (priority contents stream) 6.1.5 48
6.1 OSI 6.2 OSI CATP application layer Application contents rules reconstruct mechanizm priority contents stream session layer session 6.2 1. (priority contents stream) 2. (construction organization) a b c (contents) 49
6.1 3. 6.1.6 IPv6 6.3 1. 2. IPv6 3. 5
6.1 router network layer packet fowarding module data link layer physical layer 6.3 51
KPIX TAO 52
[1] Integrated services (intserv) charter. http://www. ietf.org/html.charters/intservcharter.html. [2] A Ballardie. RFC221 Core Based Trees (CBT) Multicast Routing Architecture. Consultant, September 1997. [3] R Braden and L Zhang. RFC229 Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) Version 1 Message Processing Rules. IETF, September 1997. [4] S Deering and R Hinden. RFC1883 Internet Protocol and Version 6 (IPv6) specification. IETF, December 1995. [5] S Deering and R Hinden. RFC246 Internet Protocol,Version 6 (IPv6) specification. IETF, December 1998. [6] A Mankin ED, F Baker, B Braden, S Bradner, M O Dell, A Romanow, A Weinrib, and L Zhang. RFC228 Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) Version 1 Applicability Statement Some Guidelines on Deployment. IETF, September 1997. [7] R Braden ED, L Zhang, S Herzog, and S Jamin. RFC225 Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) Version 1 Functional Specification. IETF, September 1997. [8] R Gilligan, S Thomson, J Bound, and W Stevens. RFC2553 Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6. IETF, March 1999. [9] B W Kernighan and D M Richie. C., 2, 6 1989. [1] Brian W Kernighan and Rob Pike. The Practice of Programming. Addison-Wesley, 1999. [11] Thomas A Maufer. IP. bit., 12 2. [12] S Shenker. RFC2215 General Characterization Parameters for Integrated Service Network Elements. J Wrocklawski, September 1997. 53
[13] S Shenker, C Partridge, and R Guerin. RFC2212 Specification of Guranteed Quality of Service. IETF, September 1997. [14] J Wroclawski. RFC2211 Specification of the Controlled-Load Network Element Service. IETF, September 1997. [15]. IPv6., 1997. [16]. QoS. NetCom., 6 21. [17]. login:unix C., 1992. [18].., pp. 754 759., 21. [19]. UNIX vol.1 API: XTI., 2, 1999. 54
A A.1 URL 2 http://www.pref.toyama.jp/sections/191/kookutai/ 2 1 14 12 19 DV over ATM TRIX CRL RealMedia,WMT IX 55
A.2 Live!Eclipse( ) A.2 Live!Eclipse( ) URL http://www.live-eclipse.org 21 1 1 INTEC Web and Genome Informatics Corporation NTT Realvideo,QuickTime,WindowsMedia (RADIX+Tenbin)(NTT ) Windows Media over ( ) A.3 URL http://www.yamanashi-ken.ac.jp/kaz/kokutai-y/ 22 2 27 2 31 Y-NIX 56
A.4 in SP 1m 1m A.4 in URL URL http://www.gigafo.toyama-ix.net URL http://www.toyama-ix.net/event/gigafo21/ IP URL http://www.toyama.ix.net/event/gigafo21/index-ip.html 21 5 28 INTEC Web and Genome Informatics Corporation? 21 CAN( ) IT 57
A.5 Live!Eclipse( ) DV over ATM (LinkUnit) ( ) DV over IPv4 Multicast over ATM (DVTS)( ) Realvideo,Windows Media over IPv4 Multicast over ATM ( IX) Realvideo(5K,1Mbps)+WindowsMedia(1.5Mbps) A.4.1 A.1 A.5 Live!Eclipse( ) URL Live!Eclipse 21 http://www.live-eclipse.org/jpn/ 21 6 21 58
A.5 Live!Eclipse( ) A.1 in RealVideo, QuickTime, WMT(RADIX + Tenbin) MPEG2Ts over IPv4multicast TRIX A.5.1 A.2 59
A.6 DSM A.2 Live!Eclipse( ) A.6 DSM URL http://www.live-eclipse.org 21 7 27 Windows Media over IPv4 (Internet,kpix ) DV over IPv4 over ATM( (RIBB)) 6
A.7 YOSAKOI A.6.1 A.3 A.3 DSM A.7 YOSAKOI URL ( Download) http://corent-co.jp/catv YOSAKOI http://michinoku-yosakoi.net/ 61
A.8 21 9 22 TRIX YOSAKOI DV over ATM(LinkUnit) TRIX WMT(1.5Mbps) TRIX A.8 URL URL http://www.toyama-ix.net/event/hikiyama URL http://www.toyama-ix.net/live/hikiyama 21 1 1 62
A.8 DV over ATM (LinkUnit) ( TRIX ) DV over IPv6 over ATM ( ) WindowsMedia( 1,3Kpbs) ( IX ) DV over IPv6 Multicast over ATM ( ) A.8.1 A.4 A.4 63
A.8 ATM-R ( ) PRODUCT CPU OS ATM-NIC Eth-NIC CPU OS ATM-NIC Eth-NIC CPU OS ATM-NIC Dell Optiplex GX11 Pentium III 93 MHz, Memory: 512 MB FreeBSD 4.3-RELEASE + ALTQ-3.(altq-3.-sys-altq-freebsd-4.3.patch) Efficient Networks ENI-155p (en) 3Com 3c95C-TX Fast Etherlink Xl (xl) Pentium 8 MHz,Memory:768 MB FreeBSD 4.3-RElEASE + ALTQ-3.(altq-3.-sys-altq-freebsd-4.3.patch) Efficient Networks ENI-155p (en) Intel Pro 1/1B/1+ Ethernet Pentium III 6MHz, Memory: 256 MB FreeBSD 4.3-RELEASE + ALTQ-3.(altq-3.-sys-altq-freebsd-4.3.patch) Efficient Networks ENI-155p (en) Eth-NIC DVTS Intel Eter Express Pro (fxp) 1( ) PRODUCT CPU OS ieee1394 Eth-NIC Dell Optiplex GX11 Pentium III 93 MHz, Memory: 512 MB FreeBSD 4.3-RELEASE + firewire-freebsd-4.3-2191 Digital Origin MotoDV (lynx: Texas Instrument PCILynx) 3Com 3c95C-TX Fast Etherlink Xl (xl) software DVTS-.3.6 2( ) 64
A.9 PRODUCT CPU OS ieee1394 ATM-NIC Eth-NIC Dell Optiplex GX11 Pentium III 93 MHz, Memory: 512 MB FreeBSD 4.3-RELEASE + firewire-freebsd-4.3-2191 + ALTQ-3.(altq-3 Digital Origin MotoDV (lynx: Texas Instrument PCILynx) Efficient Networks ENI-155p (en) 3Com 3c95C-TX Fast Etherlink Xl (xl) software CPU OS ieee1394 Eth-NIC software CPU OS ieee1394 Eth-NIC software DVTS-.3.6 Pentium 8MHz:Memory 768 MB FreeBSD 4.3-RELEASE + firewire-freebsd-4.3-2191 Digital Origin MotoDV (lynx: Texas Instrument PCILynx) Intel Pro1/1B/1+ Ethernet DVTS-.3.6 Pentium III 1GHz, Memory: 256 MB FreeBSD 4.3-RELEASE + firewire-freebsd-4.3-2191 Digital Origin MotoDV (lynx: Texas Instrument PCILynx) Intel Eter Express Pro (fxp) DVTS-.3.6 A.9 URL http://web.tia.ad.jp/kokutai21/ http://kokutai.toyama-ix.net/miyagi1/ 1 http://kokutai.toyama-ix.net 65
A.1 ISOM 21 1 13 1 18 21 1 27 1 3 TRIX DV over ATM(LinkUnit) TRIX WMT(5Kbps, 1Mbps) TRIX A.1 ISOM URL ISOM 21 http://www.toyama-tic.co.jp/isom/ 66
A.11 in URL http://www.toyama-ix.net/event/isom 21 11 11 12 ISOM 21 DV over IPv6 Multicast over ATM ( TRIX) DV over IPv6 Multicast (JGN6 TRIX( ) CATV ( LinkUnit ) A.1.1 A.5 A.11 in URL http://www.jgn.tao.go.jp/sympo21/ 21 11 19 11 2 67
A.11 in A.5 ISOM DV over ATM(LinkUnit) DV over IPv6(DVTS) 68