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Vol.215-IOT-28 No.27 215/3/6 1 2 2 2 PC,.,,,.,,,. An Evaluation of Network Boot Traffic of Educational PC Focused on the Effectiveness on Local Cache Hiroshi Ueda 1 Yoshikazu Ishii 2 Koichiro Tonomura 2 Tohru Ueki 2 Abstract: Although Network-boot is a useful solution that centrally manages the PC termal, dependg on the network environment problems such as time-consumg to start has been poted. This paper, that is to improve performance by usg a local disk as a cache at Kyoto University educational termal system which is aimed, terms of network traffic, its utility discussed. Traffic analysis of, addition to the effectiveness of the cache is shown and process not related to Network-boot that takes time, it was possible to obta formation ab the start and the traffic of the termal. 1.,,,,,.,,,,,.,,,, PC. 1 Academic Center for Computg and Media Studies, Kyoto University 2 Information Management Department, Kyoto University ( ) 5, 14 Wdows, UNIX [1], 19 LDAP [2], 24 3 *1, 1,4 [3].,, Ardence VHD, Wdows [4], [5], OS X [6]., UNIX, NFS root [7]. *1 NetBoot Apple OS X Server,. c 215 Information Processg Society of Japan 1

,,,,.,, ( ),,., 2, 3,, 4, 5,. 2., OS,, [8], [9], [1]., VDI. VDI, 5, OS, [11], VDI, VDI [12]. PC, [13], [14]. 1,, PC, PC,, [15].,,.,.,, [16].,,. OS X Server [17], 1 5.,,,. 3.,,.,, PC,., 2. 3.1 Citrix XenDesktop 5.6 Provisiong Services ( PVS) ReadCache 4.x,. PC ( 2) NEC Express58/51Mb-S (CPU Celeron P455 1.86GHz, 4GB), 1,434 Wdows7 PVS. PC 3,, PVS 1, Wdows7, 1 C:.,, C: 119.1GB,. D:, *2. PVS ( 1) NEC Eco Center 2 6. 1Gbps. ( 4) Vol.215-IOT-28 No.27 215/3/6 NEC istorage NV75/Ne3-2/M1 3, 92TB. *2 Citrix Write Cache,. c 215 Information Processg Society of Japan 2

Vol.215-IOT-28 No.27 215/3/6 情報処理学会研究報告 図 1 NEC Eco Center 2 ノード Fig. 1 NEC Eco Center 2 nodes 図 2 教育用 PC 端末 NEC Express58/51Mb-s Fig. 2 Educational PC NEC Express58/51Mb-s ログアウトの際ユーザ用領域 (3MB/ ユーザ) への アクセスがある. CO-CO (CO-Client Operation) シー オー コンブ 社製のツールで, 端末の起動やログオン, シャットダ ウンなどを一斉に行うことができる. 本ツールのログ 図 3 に PC 端末の状態が記録されることを利用し, 起動, 教育用 PC 端末のディスク情報 Fig. 3 Disk Usage of Educational PC シャットダウン, ログオン待ち, ログオン処理完了な ど, PC 端末の状態の変化を検出している. これらの対象システムにおいて, 図 5 に示す以下の機材 を用いトラフィックのパケットキャプチャを行った. 基幹スイッチとサーバ群 PC 端末を設置している演習室, 端末室 (本学では サテライト と呼んでいる), OSL (Open Space Laboratory:講義が行われない自習用の 端末室), サーバの接続を収容している. 基 幹 ス イ ッ チ と PVS サ ー バ, フ ァ イ ル サ ーバ は 1Gbps で, その他のサーバは数 Gbps で接続. メディアセンター南館 OSL 東西, 情報リテラシー系 の実習科目が開講される, メディアセンター南館 2F 図 4 演習室はそれぞれ 1Gbps で基幹スイッチと接続. NEC istorage NV75 Fig. 4 NEC istorage NV75 計測対象トラフィックを含む VLAN のトラフィック サーバ を 1Gbps のインターフェイスにミラー. キャプチャ用 PC, データ保存用 NAS 基幹スイッチに おいてミラーしたトラフィックを, キャプチャ用 PC 各サテライトへ において libpcap 形式で保存し, 定期的にデータ保存 用 NAS に移動する. 3.2 一斉起動トラフィックの計測 前節で述べた準備の後, まずブートサーバ, ネットワーク への最も高い負荷を想定し, 教室内の PC が一斉起動した ときのトラフィックについて計測 分析を行った. 214 年 OSL東 基幹スイッチ 管理用スイッチ データ保存用NAS ミラー用 管理用 OSL西 キャプチャ用PC 図 5 パケットキャプチャの概要 Fig. 5 An Outle of Packet Capture System 3 月 12 日 (水) に, メディアセンター南館 OSL 西の PC 端末 77 台を一斉に起動, ログイン, シャットダウンしたと シュなし, キャッシュ有効であっても配信イメージが更新 きのトラフィックを保存した. されておりキャッシュが有効ではないと思われる状態, す 本検証ではキャッシュの有効性に着目するため, キャッ なわち次の 4 種類のトラフィックを, PC 端末の電源を入 シュ有効/無効, 有効であっても初回の起動で実質キャッ れてからログオン画面が表示されるまで (以下起動トラ 215 Information Processg Society of Japan 3

Vol.215-IOT-28 No.27 215/3/6 ). ( 1 ) Table 1 1 Required Time for boot/logon/shutdown ( 2 ), ( ) ( 3 ), ( ) ( 4 ), ( ),, OSL, OSL *3., 214 2 Microsoft Update, *4. 5 2 2 4 1.5 1 2 1.5 2 1.5 Total Traffic - RC Disabled, Boot, All 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 3.3, PC,,, PC. 215 1 26, 27, 23, 24, Web., 1 27 ( ) 8:45 1:15 23 2, Web, 23, 24,. 4., 2 12 /,,. 4.1,, 2.,, / CO-CO. *3 VLAN, OSL VLAN OSL. *4 KB2862973, KB2817396, KB2817369, KB2837595, KB2837583, KB277536, KB27661, KB2687567, KB29111, KB291112, KB29921, KB2898855, KB291636, KB291151, KB2898857, KB2836943, KB299921 1-1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 1-1 11:1:3. 11:47:3. 11:11:. 6 Fig. 6 7 11:48:. Fig. 7 11:11:3. 11:12:. 11:12:3. 11:13:. 11:13:3. 11:14:. Boot Traffic (Cache Disabled) 11:48:3. 4.1.1 Total Traffic - RC Image Not Cached, Boot, All 11:49:. 11:49:3. 11:5:. Boot Traffic with Cache ( ) 6, 7, 8, 9., CO-CO, (). PC, PC,,,. 6, 7, 8, 9, 3 3, 1Gbps ( 3.75 GB ). PXE, TFTP, [18]. 11:5:3. 11:14:3. 11:51:. 11:15:. c 215 Information Processg Society of Japan 4

Vol.215-IOT-28 No.27 215/3/6 Total Traffic - RC Image Cached, Boot, All Total Traffic - RC Disabled, Boot, Stacked 8 7 6 5 4 3 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 : 1-11 : 1-11 : 1-22 : 1-22 : 1-33 : 1-33 : 1-44 : 1-44 : 1-55 : 1-55 : 1-66 : 1-66 : 1-77 : 1-77 1 1-1 -1 11:15:. 11:14:3. 11:14:. 11:13:3. 11:13:. 11:12:3. 11:12:. 11:11:3. 11:11:. 11:1:3. 12::. 11:59:45. 11:59:3. 11:59:15. 11:59:. 11:58:45. 11:58:3. 11:58:15. 8 Fig. 8 Boot Traffic with Cache 1 11 Stacked Boot Traffice (Cache Disabled) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Total Traffic - RC Image Updated, Boot, All 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Total Traffic - RC Image Not Cached, Boot, Stacked : 1-11 : 1-11 : 1-22 : 1-22 : 1-33 : 1-33 : 1-44 : 1-44 : 1-55 : 1-55 : 1-66 : 1-66 : 1-77 : 1-77 1 1-1 -1 11:51:. 11:5:3. 11:5:. 11:49:3. 11:49:. 11:48:3. 11:48:. 11:47:3. 12:9:. 12:8:45. 12:8:3. 12:8:15. 12:8:. 12:7:45. 12:7:3. 12:7:15. 12:7:. Fig. 9 9 Boot Traffic with Cache after Boot Image Update 12 Fig. 12 Stacked Boot Traffice with Cache, OS.,,,,. ( 6) OS 9, 5 15. ( 7) 4,,. ( 8) 2, 8,., 8 11:59:2,, PC OS. ( 9) 2, 8, 9 12:8:15 ( 8),, 9. PC PC, CBT,.,. 11, 12, 13, 14, 11. PC, PC, 1 - N N.,,.,, c 215 Information Processg Society of Japan 5

Vol.215-IOT-28 No.27 215/3/6 Total Traffic - RC Image Cached, Boot, Stacked Total Traffic - RC Image Not Cached, Logon, All 8 7 6 5 4 3 : 1-11 : 1-11 : 1-22 : 1-22 : 1-33 : 1-33 : 1-44 : 1-44 : 1-55 : 1-55 : 1-66 : 1-66 : 1-77 : 1-77 1 8 6 4 1-1 - 11:53:3. 11:53:2. 11:53:1. 11:53:. 11:52:5. 11:52:4. 11:52:3. 11:52:2. 11:52:1. 11:52:. 12::. 11:59:45. 11:59:3. 11:59:15. 11:59:. 11:58:45. 11:58:3. 11:58:15. 13 Fig. 13 Stacked Boot Traffice with Cache 16 Fig. 16 Logon Traffic with Cache Total Traffic - RC Image Updated, Boot, Stacked Total Traffic - RC Image Cached, Logon, All 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 1 : 1-11 : 1-11 : 1-22 : 1-22 : 1-33 : 1-33 : 1-44 : 1-44 : 1-55 : 1-55 : 1-66 : 1-66 : 1-77 : 1-77 15 1 5-5 -1-15 -1-12:3:. 12:2:5. 12:2:4. 12:2:3. 12:2:2. 12:2:1. 12:2:. 12:9:. 12:8:45. 12:8:3. 12:8:15. 12:8:. 12:7:45. 12:7:3. 12:7:15. 12:7:. 14 Fig. 14 Stacked Boot Traffice with Cache after Boot Image Update 17 Fig. 17 Logon Traffic with Cache Total Traffic - RC Image Updated, Logon, All 1 Total Traffic - RC Disabled, Logon, All 1 8 8 6 6 4 4 - - 11:17:15. 11:17:3. 11:17:45. 11:18:. 11:18:15. 11:18:3. 11:18:45. 11:19:. 12:11:. 12:11:1. 12:11:2. 12:11:3. 12:11:4. 12:11:5. 12:12:. 15 Fig. 15 Logon Traffic (Cache Disabled). 4.1.2 15, 16, 17, 18., Active Directory,,., 18 Fig. 18 Logon Traffic with Cache after Boot Image Update 1Gbps, 77 1Gbps,., 1Gbps,., PC c 215 Information Processg Society of Japan 6

Vol.215-IOT-28 No.27 215/3/6 Total Traffic - RC Disabled, Shutdown, All Total Traffic - RC Image Cached, Shutdown, All 9 8 7 6 7 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 1 1-1 -1 12:5:. 12:4:5. 12:4:4. 12:4:3. 12:4:2. 12:4:1. 12:4:. 11:22:15. 11:22:. 11:21:45. 11:21:3. 11:21:15. 11:21:. 11:2:45. 11:2:3. 19 Fig. 19 Shutdown Traffic (Cache Disabled) 21 Fig. 21 Shutdown Traffic with Cache Total Traffic - RC Image Not Cached, Shutdown, All Total Traffic - RC Image Updated, Shutdown, All 9 8 7 6 7 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 1 1-1 -1 12:14:. 12:13:5. 12:13:4. 12:13:3. 12:13:2. 12:13:1. 12:13:. 11:56:. 11:55:5. 11:55:4. 11:55:3. 11:55:2. 11:55:1. 11:55:. 2 Fig. 2 Shutdown Traffic with Cache 22 Fig. 22 Shutdown Traffic with Cache after Boot Image Update. 4.1.3 19, 2, 21, 22. (M: ),, *5.,,,,.,, ( 7). 4.2 1 27 ( ) 8:45 1:15 23, 2 23 *5,, Lux.,..,, PVS 24, 25.,, Web, PC *6., 9: Web, 23 25,, PC PVS.,,, 24,,, 1Gbps,.,, *6 23 71 PC.. c 215 Information Processg Society of Japan 7

Vol.215-IOT-28 No.27 215/3/6 3 1-1 - -3-4 -5 3 1-1 - -3-4 -5 8:3:. 8:3:. 24 25 15 1 5-5 -1 8:3:. 8:45:. 23 8:45:. 9::. Classroom Total Traffic 1/2 8:3-1:3 9:15:. 9:3:. 1, 2 ( ) Fig. 23 9::. 9:15:. 9:45:. Classroom Traffic Classroom File Server Traffic 1/2 8:3-1:3 9:3:. 1, 2 ( ) Fig. 24 8:45:. 25 9::. Classroom Traffic ab File Server 9:45:. Classroom PVS Traffic 1/2 8:3-1:3 9:15:. 9:3:. 1, 2 (PVS) Fig. 25 9:45:. 1::. 1::. 1::. Classroom Traffic ab PVS.,,. 5.,, PC,, 1:15:. 1:15:. 1:15:. 1:3:. 1:3:. 1:3:. Out In Out In Out In. PC,.,,, PXE 1 58MB,., PVS.,,,.,,.,,., 1 1, 1,4 6 PVS.,,.,,,,.,, PC., PC.,.,,. [1],,,,,, Virtual Mache,, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 949 964 (5). [2],,,,,,,, 19 (7). [3],,,,,,, :TCO c 215 Information Processg Society of Japan 8

Vol.215-IOT-28 No.27 215/3/6, 212, 212, pp. 47 54 (212). [4] Inc., C. S.: Citrix Provisiong Server. [5] OSV - VHD boot. [6] Inc., A. C.: Mac OS X Server: NetBoot. [7] Kuhlmann, G., Mares, M., Schottelius, N. and Horms, : Mountg the root filesystem via NFS (nfsroot). [8] Fujimura, N.: Brg your own computers project Kyushu university., SIGUCCS, pp. 43 5 (213). [9],,., Vol. 21, No. 14, pp. 1 8 (21). [1] NetBoot,, pp. F 4 (9). [11],,,, No. 17, pp. 33 41 (213). [12] VDI,, No. 17, pp. 51 58 (213). [13],, No. 8, pp. 6 13 (8). [14] Fujimura, N.: The Latest Activity to Realize the Ideal ICT Environment Kyushu University., SIGUCCS, pp. 97 1 (214). [15],, PC,. DSM, [ / ], 5, pp. 29 34 (5). [16],,,, No. 15, pp. 46 52 (211). [17], Technical report (21). [18] Citrix Systems, I.: Provisiong Services Boot Process Diagram (214). c 215 Information Processg Society of Japan 9