アメリカの高齢者対策におけるアドヴォカシーの役割

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1 1 2 3 NPO 4 5! NPO Non Profit Organization NPO advocacy NPO Lester Salamon NPO NPO NPO The Older American Act Medicare White House Conferences on Aging The Age Discrimination in Employment Act Nursing Home Reform Act NPO

2 NPO NPO NGO Non Governmental Organization NPO Social Security The Older American Act Medicare & Medicaid Health Care Financing Administration Social Security Administration Administration on Aging OBRA Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Nursing Home Reform Act

3 The American Association of Homes for AgingThe American Nursing Home Association The American Health Care Association NPO The American College of Nursing Home Administrators White House Conference on Aging A Area Agency on Agency % Medicare-Title XVIII of Social Security Act Medicaid-Tittle XIX of Social Security Act % HMO Health Maintenance Organization HMO BBA Balanced Budget ActPACE Program of All-Inclusive Care for the ElderlyPACE HMO HMO SHMO SHMO

4 IOM Institute of Medicine IOM OBRA Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Nursing Home Reform Act NPO JCAHO Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization JCAHO NPO # Welfare Reform AFDC Aid to Families with Dependent Children

5 CRS GAO CBO D.C. IT Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act Lobbying Disclosure Act NPO NPO NPO D NPO Robert H. Salisbury explosion in numbers

6 NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO Gray lobby PAC political action committee Lawrence A. Powell the United Auto Workers Retiree Organization AFL-CIO American Federation of Labor/ Congress of Industrial Organizations AARP American Association of Retired Persons NCSC National Council of Senior Citizens

7 Patricia Schroeder NPO AARP AARP D.C. AARP Senior Advocacy the Aging Advocacy JCAHO AARP NPO NPO $ NPO

8 Private Interest Public Interest J. Craig. Jenkins Nonprofit Advocacy IRS Advocates Policy Advocacy Rationale Anne M. Cammisa Christopher. H. Foreman. Jr Intergovernmental lobbying

9 Barbara Kaplan Jody Cohn Citizen Advocacy Policy Advocacy NPO NPO NPO

10 % NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO AARP NPO p. Salmon, L M, Government- Nonprofit Relations in the Modern Welfare State, The John Hopkins University Press,, p.. Ibid. p.. Taylor, M, The Changing Role of the Nonprofit Sector in Britain: Moving Toward the Market,, pp. -. Lawry, R C, Nonprofit Organizations and public policy, Policy Studies Review. V. (Spring/Summer ) Salmon, L M, Government- Nonprofit Relations in the Modern Welfare State, The John Hopkins University Press,, p.. Rothenberg, L S, Linking Citizens to Government: Interest Group Politics at Common Cause, Cambridge University Press,, p.. Goldsmith, S B, Essentials of Long-Term Care Administration, An Aspen Publication,, p. Goldmansmith, S B, Essentials of Long-Term Care Administration. An Aspen Publication,, p.. p.. Evashwick, C J, The Continuum of Long-Term Care: An Integrated Systems Approach. Delmar Publishers,, p.. Torres-Gil, F M, The New Aging: Politics and Change in America. Auburn House,, p.., p.

11 , p. Evashwick, CJ, The Continuum of Long-Term Care: An Integrated Systems Approach. Delmar Publishers,, p.. Torres-Gil, F M, The New Aging: Politics and Change in America. Auburn House,, p.. Skocpol, T, Boomerang: Health Care Reform and The Turn Against Government With A New Afterword, W.W. Norton & Company,, p.., p., p., p, p. Salisbury, R H, The Paradox of Interest Group in Washington-More Groups, Less Clout, in Anthony King, (Ed.) The New American Political System, nd ed,, pp. -., p. Independent Sector, Nonprofit Almanac: Dimension of the Independent Sector -. NPO Salmon, L M, Government- Nonprofit Relations in the Modern Welfare State, John Hopkins University Press,, p.. DeKiffer, D E. The Citizen s Guide to Lobbying Congress, Chicago Review Press, pp. -. p. Powell, L A, Branco, Kenneth J. & Williamson, John B, The Senior Right Movement: Framing the Policy Debate in America. New York, Twayne Publishers,, pp. Ibid. p.. Mause, A, On being Strangled by the Stars and Stripes: The New Left, the Old Left, and the Natural History of American Radical Movement. Journal of Social Issues : -., p.. Day, C L, What Older Americans Think- Interest Groups and Aging Policy. Princeton, Princeton University Press,, p.. Schroeder, P, Forewords in The Citizen s Guide to Lobbying Congress. Chicago Review Press,. Loomis, B A. & Cigler, A J. The Changing Nature of Interest Group Politics, Interest Group Politics th ed, CQ Press,, p Ibid. Cutler, N. E. Resources for Senior Advocacy: Political Behavior and Partisan Flexibility. In Advocacy and age Los Angeles, The University of southern California Press,, p. Bykerk., L. & Maney, A, Consumer Groups and Coalition Politics on Capital Hill. In Loomis, B.A. & Cigler, A. J. (Eds.) Interest Group Politics th ed, CQ Press,, p.. Jenkins, J. C, Nonprofit Organizations and Policy Advocacy. In Powell. W.W. (Ed), The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook.. New Heaven, Yale University Press,, pp. -. Skocpol, T. Boomerang: Health Care Reform and The Turn Against Government With A New Afterword, W.W. Norton & Company,, pp. -. Jenkins, J. C, Nonprofit Organizations and Policy Advocacy. In Powell. W.W. (Ed), The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook. New Heaven, Yale University Press,, pp. -. p. Jenkins, J. Craig, Nonprofit Organizations and Policy Advocacy. In Powell. W.W. (Ed), The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook.. New Heaven, CT: Yale University Press,, pp. -. Ibid Ibid Cammisa, A M, Governmnets As Interest Groups:

12 Intergovernmental Lobbying and the Federal System. Praeger Publishers,, p.. Foreman, C H. Jr, Grassroots Victim Organizations: Mobilizing for Personal and Public Health. In Loomis, Burdett A. & Cigler, Allan J. (Eds.) Interest Group Politics fourth edition, CQ Press,, p.. Lawry. R C, Nonprofit Organizations and public policy, Policy Studies Review. V. (Spring/Summer ) Cutler, N E, Resources for Senior Advocacy: Political Behavior and Partisan Flexibility. In Kerschner, Paul A (Ed.) Advocacy and age Los Angeles, CA: The University of Southern California Press,, p. Kaplan, B, A Case Study of Advocacy. In Kerschner, Paul A (Ed), Advocacy and Age: Issues experiences strategies. Los Angeles, CA: The University of Southern California Press,, p.. Ibid. p Cohn, J. ( ). Advocacy and Planning. Los Angeles, CA: The University of Southern California Press.p. Ibid. p. Ibid. p Lawry Jenkins Lawry. R C, Nonprofit Organizations and public policy, Policy Studies Review. V. (Spring/Summer ) Jenkins, J. Craig, Nonprofit Organizations and Policy Advocacy. In Powell. W.W. (Ed), The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook.. New Heaven, CT: Yale University Press,, pp. -. Salmon, L M, Government- Nonprofit Relations in the Modern Welfare State, John Hopkins University Press,, p.. GPRA Government Performance and Results Act

Winter 2009 No Lower Earnings Limit

Winter 2009 No Lower Earnings Limit 特集 : イギリスの社会保障 - ニューレイバーの 10 年イギリスの公的私的年金制度改革丸谷浩介 I 1 50 1997 II 1. 2 15 Winter 2009 No. 169 8 3 4 1999 1989 8 2. 4 1 2 1 1992 6 16 Lower Earnings Limit1 65 60 1 2 16 2.40 16 2 1 5 1 2 3. 6 1970 State