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1 Vol. 49 No (Apr. 2008) Malware 1, DDoS Herder Malware Malware Malware A Development of the Malware Dynamic Behavior Analyzing System and BOTNET Monitoring Keiichi Horiai, 1, 2 Takafumi Imaizumi 1 and Hidehiko Tanaka 2 Today, BOTNET activities such as massive spam spreading, DDoS attacks and stealing information from exploited PCs are major concern regarding to the internet security. Since, spreading the infection of the bots is controlled by so called HERDER via command and control mechanism, and not spreading autonomously like conventional worm, it is not easy task to understand the behavior of the malwares of the botnets. We developed a Malware dynamic behavior analyzing system which is coupled to internet monitoring sites and provide useful information to understand the BOTNET characteristics. This system is intended to provide not only overall trend information but also drilling down to detailed information of each event including the result of the Malware behavior analysis. 1. DDoS PC IRC Internet Relay Chat IP 2% 2.5% 1) DDoS Herder Malware Malware Malware Malware Malware Malware Malware 1 Electronic Systems Research Center, Technical Research & Development Institute, Ministry of Defense 2 INSTITUTE of INFORMATION SECURITY 1680 c 2008 Information Processing Society of Japan
2 1681 Malware ) 3) 2) JPCERT/CC ISP 3) Malware BOX IRC IRC Malware 4) 7) 4) Windows 5) API CALL 6) DLL / 7) Worm Lion/Slapper Worm Malware PC Malware FQDN PC Malware hosts PC 8) 10) 8) 9) IP 2 IP Malware IP IDS 11) JPCERT/CC ISDA Internet Scan Data Acquisition System 12) (1) IP Malware (2) IP IP IP (3) (4) Malware Malware (5) (6)
3 1682 Malware (1) (4) (5) (6) Malware Windows XP PC (5) (6) nimda 13) blaster 14) Malware Malware FQDN DNS FQDN IP Malware DNS IRC IRC HTTP 15) IRC HTTP SMTP Malware Malware Malware 1 Malware FQDN IP Malware 8 agobot 29) IRC 2) Malware PC PC Malware Windows Malware ID PC 1 Fig. 1 An over view of proposed system. Malware 3.2 (1) (2) Malware DB (3) Malware (4) DB (5) VMWare 16) PC 2 PC OS Linux IP VMWare 1 Nepenthes 17) IDS Snort 18) Nepenthes Windows Malware Nepenthes Malware UNIX RSYNC
4 1683 Malware SSH 3.4 OS { IP IP Malware } 10 IP Malware IP 7 IP N N Malware 10 IP IP Malware Malware Malware ClamAV 19) Malware Malware *unknown* 3.5 Web HTML PHP 20) PHP JpGraph 21) 10 Malware 3.6 Malware 3.4 HTML IP 1 10 HTML 10 2 Fig. 2 An overview of the overall monitoring display.
5 1684 Malware 2 IP 5 IP 6 IP 7 NSLOOKUP WHOIS IP IP Malware 2 Malware 5 Malware 8 Malware Malware 3.6 Malware Malware Windows XP Windows Malware VMWare Windows XP Linux iptables DNS IRC SMTP Truman 22) Malware tcpdump FQDN IP IRC Malware Windows Malware Malware ID Malware Windows XP VMWare Snapshot Malware Malware Malware OS VMWare Server Malware Windows XP VictimPC 1 PC VMWare VictimPC VictimPC OS VictimPC scloader scvictim VictimPC scvictim VictimPC software tool Malware 3 Malware Fig. 3 Structure of the Malware execution environment. Malware Malware Malware VictimPC host-only TCP/IP ftp http Malware VictimPC VMWare OS OS I/O OS OS VictimPC DB scrscchg Malware HTML Web Malware 4 Malware Malware 1 Malware Windows Malware 1 1 * Function VictimPC VictimPC OS PC VictimPC
6 1685 Malware Fig. 4 4 Malware Malware Execution macro flow chart. 1 Table 1 Software tools utilized. Fig. 5 5 An example of tools and checking items definition. 4. VictimPC VictimPC scloader scloader scvictim 5 VictimPC scloader 5 tool d inspection Malware Malware 180 md5sum WEB IP 6 Site:all Malware IP Malware IP 8 IP IP
7 1686 Malware Fig. 8 8 IP A screenshot of the attacking history from specified IP address. 6 Fig. 6 A screenshot of overall situational display Fig. 7 A screenshot of the timelines and Top-10 display. 9 IP Fig. 9 An example of the IP address s user information. IP 1 Malware Malware IP IP whois nslookup 9 IP Malware Malware 7 10 Malware 10 Trojan.Sdbot-3012
8 1687 Malware Fig Malware A screenshot of the searching behavioral analysis report by Malware hash value. Malware Trojan.Sdbot Malware Trojan.Sdbot Malware AGOBOT 1f0e458c6852dc7e031cc1e005daf6 b4:pe AGOBOT.AQM f7f1e7c55fe828dcf27ef04f9adaedbf PE BOBAX.AH 2 Malware PE AGOBOT.AQM PE AGOBOT.AQM Back door.sdbot W32/Mytob Win32.Agobot 25) MS RPC/DCOM 26) MS RPC/Locator 27) WebDAV MS ) AGOBOT Gaobot Phatbot Polybot 11 PE AGOBOT Fig. 11 A screenshot of the analysis report: PE AGOBOT. 8 Sdbot Gaobot 29) 11 2 HKLMY=SOFTWAREY=MicrosoftY=Windows Y=CurrentVersionY=Run C:Y=windowsY=system32 2 firewall.exe svchost.exe ID, PATH TCP/UDP Malware PC OS
9 1688 Malware Windows hosts hosts PC C&C FQDN C&C PC IP XXX DNS IP PE BOBAX.AH PE BOBAX.AH 2005/09/07 MS LSASS 30) Malware hosts 31) 12 2 HKLMY=SOFTWAREY=MicrosoftY=Windows Y=CurrentVersionY=Run C:Y=windowsY=system32 2 WINAMP.EXE OIOEKZZECLPY.EXE hosts OS ) 3) FQDN 4) http Malware 5) FQDN 6) 8) http C&C 11) Malware FQDN http 4.3 Malware 5,000 Malware Malware ClamAV 2 Malware 15% Malware snort Malware Windows Fig PE BOBAX.AH A screenshot of the analysis report: PE BOBAX.AH. 2 Malware Table 2 Malware classification by clamav.
10 1689 Malware 3 Table 3 Port used for attacks. 4 5 Table 4 Top 5 of files that is created. 13 Malware Fig. 13 Changes of Malware ratio that modifies system files. Table 5 5 KEY 5 Top 5 of Windows Registry KEY that is modified. 14 Fig. 14 Changes of ports that are used by bot. C&C 25 SMTP Malware KEY 5 PC Windows KEY 13 Malware Windows hosts Malware Malware Malware 70% hosts Malware WindowsOS Malware Malware IRC 80 HTTP Malware Malware 1 32),33) 14 http smtp Malware IRC 2) IP PC C&C herder C&C 4.4 Malware Malware
11 1690 Malware 6 PC Malware 5 Table 6 Top 5 of Malware that could not get data from PC. Malware 5,000 Malware VictimPC Malware PC PC Malware 2007 Trend Flex Security 5 6 (A) PC Malware (B) WORM RBOT PE PARITE Malware Malware 5,158 4,964 PC 5. Malware Malware Malware C&C FQDN Windows hosts Malware Malware Malware Windows Malware Malware Malware Malware IRC 1) Honeynet project: Know your Enemy: Tracking Botnets. 2) Vol.47, No.8 (2006). 3) Rajab, M.A., Zarfoss, J., Monrose, F. and Terzis, A.: A Multifaceted Approach to Understanding the Botnet Phenomenon, IMC 06, October (2006). 4) Vol.46, No.8 (2005). 5) Macro-Micro Correlation Analysis for Binding Darknet Traffic and Malwares, SCIS2007 (2007). 6) Micro Analysis for Analyzing Malware Code and its Behavior on NICTER, SCIS2007 (2007). 7) Jiang, X., Xu, D., Wang, H.J. and Spafford, E.H.: Virtual Playgrounds For Worm Behavior Investigation, Microsoft Research. 8) Vol.47, No.4 (2006). 9) IP Matrix Vol.47, No.4 (2006). 10) Ball, R., Fink, G.A. and North, C.: Home-Centric Visualization of Network Traffic for Security Administration, ACM (2004). 11)
12 1691 Malware 12) JPCERT/CC. 13) Nimda. 14) Blaster. 15) botnet.pdf 16) VMWare. 17) Nepenthes. 18) snort. 19) ClamAV AntiVirus. 20) PHP. 21) JpGraph. 22) Stewar, T.J.: Truman, The Reusable Unknown Malware Analysis Net. 23) 24) 25) default5.asp?vname=pe%5fagobot%2eaqm 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) default5.asp?vname=pe%5fbobax%2eah&vsect=p 32) 33) bot analysis report.pdf ( ) ( ) Parallel Inference Engine IEEE
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