平成14年8月22日

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9 Harvard Medical Practice Study 2), (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) 3 To err is Human 20 9

10 Heinlich Heinlich ) , %, 61.1%, 3.4% (31.4%) 12.9% 72.4% (15.7%) (6.3%) 3.2%,2,3,10-12) (Institute of Medicine, IOM) To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System 13) 300, 3,14-16) % % 44,000-98,000 Clinton 17) 12 18,19 To Err is Human IOM 10

11 Quality in Australia Health Care Study 28 14, % 13.7% 4.9% 51 3) British Medical Journal Reducing error, Improving safety 21 20) 1) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 3,18,19,21-23) 11

12 45% 31% 24) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (6) (7) (8) (9) 40 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 1,2,3) % 29% 25) (1) (2) (3) (4) 3. 12

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14 3) 5 29) 7) 11) 14

15 4) 4. 26) (1) (2) (3) (4) ) A. B. C. D. E. F (1) (2) (3) 15

16 (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) ,19,21,22)

17 IT 28) ,30) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) ) 17

18 3 (1) (2) (3) ) (1) (2) (3) ) ( ) ( ) 1990 Total Quality Management, TQM TQM 33) 18

19 TQM (1) (2) (3) ) (1) (2) (3) 2) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 3) 19

20 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 20

21 4) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 21

22 5) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 2 (10) 21 22

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28 ) ) C Vincent.( ):

29 3) ) ) ) ). 51:29-78,1999 8). Books ) htm1 10) ) TA Brennan et al.:incidence of adverse events and negligence in hosipitalized patients. Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study I. NEJM 324: , ) LL Leape et al.:the nature of adverse events in hospitalized patients. Results of the Harvard Medical Prictice Study I NEJM 324: , ) 13. Institute of Medicine: To err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System. National Academy Press ) CJ McDonald et al.:deaths due to medical errors are exaggerated in institute of medical report. JAMA 284:93-95, ) LL Leape:Institute of medicine medical error figures are not exaggerated. JAMA 284:95-97, ) TA Brennan: The institute of medicine report on medical errors-could it do harm. NEJM 342: , ) F Charatan:Clinton acts to reduce medical mistakes. BMJ 320:597, ) To err is human

30 2 19). 5: , ) Reducing error. Improving safety. BMJ 320: , ). 124: , ) ). 4034:73-75, ) SN Weingart et al.:epidemiology of medical error. BMJ 320: , ). 8:5-16, ) ) ) Jpn J Radiol Technol 56 29) ) 122: , ) ) )

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