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1 Yukio Yanagisawa (2012) Geologic ages of Desmostylians (Mammalia) from Iwate, Miyagi and northern Fukushima prefectures, northeast Japan. Open-File Report of the Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, no. 550, p. 1-25, 10 figs., 4 tables, 3 plates. Abstract: Precise ages of Desmostylia fossils found in Iwate, Miyagi and northern Fukushima prefectures, northeast Japan are dated based on marine microfossil biochronology and radiometric dating. Keywords: Desmostylia, Desmostylus, Paleoparadoxia, geologic age, diatom, microfossil biostratigraphy, fission track dating, Miocene, Neogene, Iwate, Miyagi, Fukushima, Japan * (AIST, Geological Survey of Japan, Institute of Geology and Geoinformation Desmostylia Desmostylus Paleoparadoxia Desmostylus
2 . 1: Kindaichi 2: Nisatai 3: Shizukuishi 4: Ichinoseki 5: Nobiru 6: Shiogama 7: Moniwa 8: Jinguji 9: Yanagawa 140 E E 41 N 40 N Sea of Japan 3 Morioka Iwate Pref. 39 N 38 N 4 Miyagi Pref. Sendai Pacific Ocean 9 Fukushima Pref. 1 Fig. 1 Map showing the locations of the fossil Desmostylians treated in this report. 1 Table 1 List of Desmostylians from Iwate, Miyagi and northern Fukushima prefectures. 1 Desmostylus Ma 2 Paleoparadoxia Ma 3 Desmostylus 4 Desmostylus Ma 5 Desmostylus Shikama ( Ma 6 Desmostylus Shikama ( Ma 7 Paleoparadoxia 8 Desmostylus Ma Ma 9 Paleoparadoxia Ma - 2 -
3 Akiba (1986) unprocessed strewn slide g 100 cc 100 cc cc 18 x 18 mm Pleurax 600 Chaetoceros mm present Akiba (1986) Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998) NPD D D10-D120 Watanabe and Yanagisawa (2005) Kamikuri et al. (2004) Motoyama et al. (2004) Sanfilippo and Nigrini (1998) Blow (1969) Okada and Bukry (1980) Gradstein et al. (2004) ED2 Desmostylus Desmostylus mVicarya 1958 NPD3A (Crucidenticula kanayae Ma) NPD3B Denticulopsis praelauta Ma D35 (D. praelauta 16.6 Ma) Maruyama, Matsubara, 2000 NPD3A Crucudenticula kanayae D33 (C. kanayae 16.7 Ma) 20m Matsubara, 2000 NPD3B NPD4A Denticulopsis lauta D40 (D. lauta 15.9 Ma) 2 Matsubara, 2000 D41 (D. praelauta 15.8Ma)Matsubara, Ma C. kanayae 1987 D33 (16.7 Ma) NPD 3A 20m D33-3 -
4 0 Ninohe thickness (m) Kadonosawa F. Suenomatsuyama Formation Nakuidake Andesite M. Shinden Sandstone M. Shikonai Siltstone M. Pl: Paleoparadoxia (Kindaichi) Ds: Desmostylus (Nisatai) An: Ainai Sandstone and Conglomerate Member Tt: Tate Sandstone Member mudstone fine-grained sandstone coarse-grained sandstone and conglomerate andsite volcanic breccia and lava Pl Ma Kadonosawa F. Suenomatsuyama Formation Aikawa Andesite M. Itsukamachi Sandstone M. An Shikonai Siltstone Member Tt Yotsuyaku F. Diatom biohorizons (age Ma) D41(15.8) D40 (15.9) D35 (16.6) D33 (16.7) Ma Ds Diatom zones NPD 4A 3B 3A Sediment accumulation rate curve Age Ma 2 Akiba (1986) Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998) Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998) Watanabe and Yanagisawa (2005) Gradstein et al. (2004) (1958) Matsubara (2000) Fig. 2. Estimated ages of Kindaichi and Nisatai specimens based on diatom biochronology. Diatom zonation and biohorizons of Akiba (1986), Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998), and Watanabe and Yanagisawa (2005) correlated to the geomagnetic time scale of Gradstein et al. (2004), are used in this study. Lithostratigraphy of this study follows Chinzei (1958) and Matsubara (2000)
5 Ma Paleoparadoxia m 40m 1990 NPD3B NPD4A D40 (15.9 Ma) Matsubara, 2000 D41 (15.8 Ma)Matsubara, ; Matsubara, 2000 D41 D40 (15.9 Ma) D41 (15.8 Ma) Ma D40 D Ma 16.3Ma Praeorbulina glomerosa glomerosa 1976 Desmostylus Desmostylus 8 K-Ar Ma K-Ar Ma Desmostylus Ma Desmostylus Desmostylus 3 Desmostylus Ichdesm Denticulopsis hyalina D. simonsenii NPD4B D. hayalina NPD4Bb 0911 D. simonsenii Crucidenticula nicobarica D. praedimorpha var. minor NPD5A C. nicobarica - 5 -
6 0 m 500 Ichinoseki area Ichdesm Desmostylus Mashiba Iwanosawa 38 53'N 'E Fig. 3. Map showing the locations of Ichinoseki specimen and diatom samples. Ichinoseki thickness 90 (m) 50 0 Desmostylus Kamikurosawa Shimokurosawa Formation Formation samples Ichdesm Crucidenticula nicobarica Thalassiosira grunowii s. l. Denticulopsis simonsenii Denticulopsis hyalina 0 50% D. praedimorpha var. minor Diatom zones NPD 5B 5A 4Bb lack of outcrop pumice tuff muddy fine-grained sandstone coarse-grained sandstone granule conglomerate Age Ma D51 (12.7 Ma) Desmostylus Ma D50 (13.1 Ma) Sediment accumulation rate curve 4 Akiba (1986) Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998) Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998) Watanabe and Yanagisawa (2005) Gradstein et al. (2004) 1999 Fig. 4. Estimated ages of the Ichinoseki specimen based on diatom biochronology. Diatom zonation and biohorizons of Akiba (1986), Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998), and Watanabe and Yanagisawa (2005) correlated to the geomagnetic time scale of Gradstein et al. (2004), are used in this study. Lithostratigraphy of this study follows Hayashi et al. (1999)
7 2 Table 2. Fossil diatoms from mudstone distributed around the location of Ichinoseki specimen, Ichinoseki City, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Formation Shimokurosawa Kamikurosawa Diatom zones (NPD) 4Bb 5A 5B Sample number (Ichdesm-) Preservation G G G G G G G M M P P Abundance A A A A A A A C A R C Actinocyclus ingens f. ingens (Rattray) Whiting et Schrader A. ingens f. nodus (Baldauf) Whiting et Schrader A. ingens f. planus Whiting et Schrader A. sp Actinoptychus senarius (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg Adoneis pacifica Andrews Asteromphalus spp Azpeitia endoi (Kanaya) Sims et Fryxell A. vetustissima (Pantocsek) Sims Cavitatus jouseanus (Sheshukova) Williams C. miocenicus (Schrader) Akiba et Yanagisawa Cocconeis californica Grunow C. costata Gregory C. scutellum Ehrenberg C. vitrea Brun Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehrenberg Crucidenticula nicobarica (Grunow) Akiba et Yanagisawa Delphineis surirella (Ehrenberg) Andrews Denticulopsis lauta (Bailey) Simonsen D. hyalina (Schrader) Simonsen Girdle view of D. hyalina group D. praedimorpha var. prima Watanabe et Yanagisawa D. praedimorpha var. minor Yanagisawa et Akiba (Closed copula) D. praehyalina Tanimura D. simonsenii Yanagisawa et Akiba D. vulgaris (Okuno) Yanagisawa et Akiba S-type girdle view of D. simonsenii group Diploneis smithii (Bréisson) Cleve Eucampia sp. A (= Hemiaulus polymorphus Grunow) Goniothecium odontella Ehrenberg Grammatophora spp Hyalodiscus obsoletus Sheshukova Ikebea tenuis (Brun) Akiba Kisseleviella carina Sheshukova Mediaria splendida Sheshukova Melosira sol (Ehrenberg) Kützing Neodelphineis pelgica Takano Nitzschia challengeri Schrader N. grunowii Hasle s. l N. heteropolica Schrader N. sp Odontella aurita (Lyngbye) Agardh Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Cleve Rhabdonema japonicum Temp. et Brun Rhizosolenia miocenica Schrader R. styliformis Brightwell Rouxia californica Peragallo R. naviculoides Schrader Stellarima microtrias (Ehrenberg) Hasle et Sims Stephanogonia hanzawae Kanaya Stephanopyxis spp Thalassionema cf. hirosakiensis (Kanaya) Schrader T. nitzschioides (Grunow) H. et M. Peragallo Thalassiosira grunowii Akiba et Yanagisawa s. l T. leptopus (Grunow) Hasle et Fryxell Thalassiothrix longissima Cleve et Grunow Trochosira spinosa Kitton Misceraneous Total number of valves counted Resting spore of Chaetoceros Preservation; G: good, M: moderate, P: poor. Abundance; A: abundant, C: common, R: rare
8 12 D. praedimorpha var. minor NPD5B D. praedimorpha 09 NPD 5A D50 (13.1 Ma) D5112.7Ma Ma Desmostylus 5 Desmostylus Shikama, Ot4 Ot m m m Neko FT 60% 40% FT FT Ma 3 FT 1.3 Ma m Ma 1983a Ma 1999 D42 (15.5 Ma) D43 (15.4 Ma) 6 NPD5A Ma Ma Blow (1969) N.9 N K-Ar Ma Ma 1984 K-Ar - 8 -
9 Nobiru Narusegawa River 0 m 500 Nishinosawa Neko-01 Sanriku Expressway 'N 'E Shukuura 5 (Neko-1) 251 Fig. 5. Map showing the presumed location of Nobiru specimen (area of open circle) with the sampling site of pumice tuff (Neko-1) of the Neko Formation for fissin track dating. Epoch (Ma) 11 Late Miocene Early Middle ATNTS Mag. Pol. Chron C5 C5A C5AA N.12 C5AB C5AC N.11 C5AD N.10 C5B C5C C5D C5E Planktonic foraminifer N.14 N.13 N.9 N.8 N.7 N.6 N.5 Diatom NPD 5C 5B 5A 4Bb 4Ba 4A 3B 3A 2B 2A Desmostylus Ks: Kashimadai F. Hy: Hataya F. Mi: Mitsuya F Nk: Neko F. Ot: Otsuka F. Mt: Matsushima F. Aj: Ajiri F. Sa: Sauramachi F. Nobiru Shiogama Ks Hy Mi Nk Ot Mt Aj Sa D Matsushima Shiogama D PF:planktonic foraminifer D: diatom FT: fission track dating K-Ar: potassium-argon dating 15.4±1.3 (FT) Kgh: Koganehazama F. Od: Oido F. Nn: Nonodake M. Kg: Kageyama F. Kgh PF N.9-10 Od Nn Kg Wakuya 12.9±0.6 (K-Ar) 15.0±1.5 (K-Ar) Diatom biohorizons (Ma) D55 (11.4) D54 (11.6) D53 (12.3) D52 (12.4) D51 (12.7) D50 (13.1) D48 (14.1) D47 (14.1) D45 (14.5) D44 (14.6) D43.2 (15.2) D43 (15.4) D42 (15.5) D41.5 (15.6) D41 (15.8) D40 (15.9) D35 (16.6) D33 (16.7) D30 (17.0) D25 (18.1) 6 Akiba (1986) Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998) Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998) Watanabe and Yanagisawa (2005) Blow (1969) Gradstein et al. (2004) 1982, 1983b) Fig. 6. Estimated ages of the Ichinoseki specimen based on diatom biochronology. Diatom zonation and biohorizons of Akiba (1986), Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998), and Watanabe and Yanagisawa (2005) correlated to the geomagnetic time scale of Gradstein et al. (2004), are used in this study. Lithostratigraphy of this study follows Ishii et al. (1982, 1983b)
10 3 Table 3 Zircon fission track age for tuff layer of the Neko Formation. (Ma) χ σ ρ ρ ρ Ν d χ λ λ ζ ρ s ρ ρ σ Τ Σ Σ Σ σ ζ ζ λ D = ζ Ε 2 Thickness 140 m 100 Hatatate Formation JAFDH= Ht 20 Ht 19 Ht 18 Ht 17 Ht 16 Ht 15 Ht 14 Ht 13 Ht 12 Ht 11 Moniwa R2 R1 D53 (D) 12.3 Ma Age Ma R2: LO Eucyrtidium inflatum (R) R1: LO Lithopera renzae (R) LO Sphenolithus heteromorphus (N)) FO Globorotalia peripheroacuta (PF) FO Orbulina suturalis (PF) D NPD 5B R Eucyrtidium inflatum b a N PF N Ht 10 D52.5 (D) 12.4 Ma CN5a 0 Moniwa F. Ht 9 G Ht 8 Glauconite bed Paleoparadoxia tabatai key tephra bed sandy mudstone glauconite sandstone sandstone conglomerate IWS 15 D: Diatom R: Radiolaria N: Calcareous nannofossil PF: Planktonic foraminifer 7 Akiba (1986) Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998) Watanabe and Yanagisawa (2005) Kamikuri et al. (2004) Okada and Bukry (1980) Blow (1969) Gradstein et al. (2004) (1986) Fig. 7. Estimated ages of the Moniwa specime based on microfossil biochronology. Diatom zonation and biohorizon: Akiba (1986), Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998), and Watanabe and Yanagisawa (2005); Radioralian zonation: Kamikuri et al. (2004); Calcareous nannofossil zonation: Okada and Bukry (1980); Planktonic foraminiferal zonation: Blow (1969). Microfossil zonations are correlated to the geomagnetic time scale of Gradstein et al. (2004). Lithostratigraphy: Kitamura et al. (1986).?? CN4 N.10 N. 9 N
11 60 m 15 Ma 15 Ma Desmostylus Desmostylus 3 Shikama, b 6 Vicarya 1982, 1983b NPD3A Ma D Ma Ma Yamazaki, 1989 C5Cn.3n ( Ma) Ma NPD3A D Ma Ma 16.7Ma m 1983b 16.7 Ma Paleoparadoxia Paleoparadoxia tabatai (Tokunaga) Honda, Pectinidae 1.5 m 1980 Ht8 7 IWS15Orbulina suturalis Globorotalia peripheroronda Globorotalia peripheroacuta 1977Blow (1969) N Ma Ot8 Ot Ma Desmostylus Desmostylus m Okada and Bukry (1980) CN5b CN11 Reticulophenestra pseudoumbilicus 1986 N.14 Cannartus? petterssoni CN5b N.14 CN5b 11.7 Ma N Ma 1986 Globorotalia rikuchuensis Takayanagi et Oda Ma G. rikuchuensis Hayashi and Takahashi, Ma G. rikuchuensis Ma
12 Yanagawa area CN4 Is28,29 Is25 Is24 Is22 Is23 Is12,13* Is09-11* Is07,08* MF Is21 Is20 Is19 Is18 Is17 Is06* Is05* Is04* Is03* Is02* Is01* Is26,27 Is15,16 Is14 Isazawa Abukumagawa River Yanagawa 0 m 500 Hr03* Hr02* Hr01* PF Paleoparadoxia 'E 'N * CN4 (CN4 1987) PF ( 2001) MF (Ogasawara and Yashima, 1981). Fig. 8. Map showing the location of Yanagawa specimen and diatom samples
13 4 Table 4. Fossil diatoms from sandy mudstone distributed around the location of the Yanagawa specimen. Diatom zones (NPD) Sample number (Is) Original sample number Preservation Abundance Actinocyclus ingens f. ingens (Rattray) Whiting et Schrader A. ingens f. nodus (Baldauf) Whiting et Schrader A. ingens f. planus Whiting et Schrader Actinoptychus senarius (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg Arachnoidiscus spp. Azpeitia vetustissima (Pantocsek) Sims Cavitatus jouseanus (Sheshukova) Williams C. miocenicus (Schrader) Akiba et Yanagisawa Cocconeis spp. Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehrenberg C. spp. Denticulopsis lauta (Bailey) Simonsen D. icikawae Yanagisawa et Akiba Girdle view of D. lauta group Denticulopsis hyalina (Schrader) Simonsen D. tanimurae Yanagisawa et Akiba D. praehyalina Tanimura Girdle view of D. hyalina group Diploneis spp. Goniothecium odontella Ehrenberg Grammatophora spp. Hyalodiscus obsoletus Sheshukova Ikebea tenuis (Brun) Akiba Mediaria splendida Sheshukova Melosira sol (Ehrenberg) Kützing Nitzschia chellnegeri Schrader Nitzschia grunowii Hasle Odontella aurita (Lyngbye) Agardh Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Cleve Rhizosolenia hebetata f. hiemalis Gran Rouxia californica Peragallo Stellarima microtrias (Ehrenberg) Hasle et Sims Stephanopyxis spp. Thalassionema nitzschioides (Grunow) H. et M. Peragallo T. cf. hirosakiensis (Kanaya) Schrader Thalassiosira leptopus (Grunow) Hasle et Fryxell Thalassiothrix longissima Cleve et Grunow Trochosira spinosa Kitton Total number of valves counted Resting spore of Chaetoceros Preservation; G: good, M: moderate, P: poor. Abundance; A: abundant, R: rare. 4A? 4Ba 4Ba? 4Ba 4Ba?? 4Ba4Ba? 4Ba 4Ba 4Bb 4Bb 4Bb Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan 9011 Yan Yan P P P P P P P P M G P G M M P P R R R R R C C R R C R A R R R R
14 lack of outcrop sandy mudstone muddy fine-grained sandstone coarse-grained sandstone conglomerate 100 thickness (m) Ubagafutokoro Sandstone Member andsite volcanic breccia andsite lava Is Denticulopsis lauta Denticulopsis tanimurae Denticulopsis praehyalina Denticulopsis hyalina Diatom zones NPD 4Bb Yanagawa Sediment accumulation rate curve 15 Age 14 Ma D48 (14.1Ma) 50 Yanagawa Formation Isazawa Mudstone Member * 13* 11* 09* 10* 08* 07* 06* 05* 04* HOE 4 HOE 3 HOE % 4Ba Samples of Radiolaria (Aita and Taketani, 2001) Paleoparadoxia 4A? D45 (14.5 Ma) Age of Radiolaria 0 Hirosegawa Sandstone Member Granitic rocks MF 03* 02* 01* PF Hr01* Hr03* Hr02* Doyazawa Andesite Member Ryozen F Ma Diatom biohorizones D48 LCO D. praehyalina D45 FO D. hyalina 9 微化石 Akiba (1986) Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998) Watanabe and Yanagisawa (2005) Kamikuri et al. (2004) Gradstein et al. (2004) (1987) Fig. 9. Estimated ages of the Yanagawa specimen based on microfossil biochronology. Diatom zonation and biohorizon: Akiba (1986), Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998), and Watanabe and Yanagisawa (2005); Radioralian zonation: Kamikuri et al. (2004). Microfossil zonations are correlated to the geomagnetic time scale of Gradstein et al. (2004). Lithostratigraphy: Suzuki and Wako (1987)
15 2003 NPD5C Ma Ma Paleoparadoxia 8 Paleoparadoxia m (60m)(130m) (150m) Is14 Denticulopsis praehyalina Denticulopsis hyalina NPD4A Denticulopsis lauta D. praehyalina D44, 14.6 Ma D. hyalina D45, 14.5 Ma D. praehyalina 1% D45 IS15 IS27 Denticulopsis D. hyalina, D. praehyalina, D. tanimura NPD4B D. hyalina NPD4Ba Is26 IS29 D. hyalina D. praehyalin NPD 4Bb NPDBa NPD 4Bb Denticulopsis simonsenii D47, 14.1 Ma D47 D48 NPDBa NPD4Bb Is26 Is27 8 Okada and Bukry (1980) CN Ma HOE 2-4Eucyrtidium asanoi E. inflatum 2001 Kamikuri et al. (2004) E. asanoi Ma Paleoparadoxia Paleoparadoxia D48 (14.1 Ma) D45 (14.5Ma) Ma 9 D Ma
16 EPOCH Late Miocene Early Middle Ma MAG. CHRON POL. C4 C4A C5 C5A C5B C5C C5D C5E C6 N.17 N.16 N.15 N.14 N.13 N.12 N.8 N.7 N.6 N.5 CN7 CN6 C5AA C5AB N.11 C5AC N.10 CN4 C5AD N.9 PF N Radiolaria Diatom CN9 CN8 CN5 CN3 CN2 CN1 b a Lipmanella redondoensis Lychnocanoma magnacornuta NPD 6B 6A 5D 5C 4Bb 2B 2A D66 D65 D60 D59 D58 D57 D56 D55.8 D55.2 D55 D54 b 5B D53 D52.5 D52 Eucyrtidium D51 5A inflatum a D50 Eucyrtidium asanoi Dendrospyris sakaii Calocycletta costata Stichocorys wolffii Stichocorys delmontensis D48 D47 4Ba D45 D44 D43.8 D43.2 4A D43 D42 D41.5 D41 D40 3B D35 D33 3A D30 D25 Desmostylus Desmostylus 8: Jinguji 4: Ichinoseki 5: Nobiru 6: Shiogama 1: Nisatai Paleoparadoxia 10 Akiba (1986) Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998) Watanabe and Yanagisawa (2005) Kamikuri et al. (2004) Okada and Bukry (1980) Blow (1969) Gradstein et al. (2004) Fig. 10. Estimated ages of Desmostylus and Paleoparadoxia fossils based on microfossil biochronology and radiometric datings. Diatom zonation and biohorizon: Akiba (1986), Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998), and Watanabe and Yanagisawa (2005); Radioralian zonation: Kamikuri et al. (2004); Calcareous nannofossil zonation (N): Okada and Bukry (1980); Planktonic foraminiferal zonation (PF): Blow (1969). Microfossil zonations are correlated to the geomagnetic time scale of Gradstein et al. (2004) Paleoparadoxia 7: Moniwa 9: Yanagawa 2: Kindaichi 2.5 Mi6 Mi5 Mi4 δ 18 O (Site 608) Mi3 Mi1b Mi2 "Mi1ab?" Mi2a Miller et al. (1991) Ma
17 , Denticula kanayae n. sp. Denticula kanayae Zone 20, Akiba, F. (1986) Middle Miocene to Quaternary diatom biostratigraphy in the Nankai Trough and Japan Trench, and modified Lower Miocene through Quatenery diatom zones for middle-high latitudes of the North Pacific. In Kagami, H., Karig, D. E., Coulbourn, W. T., et al., Init. Rep. Deep Sea Drilling Project, U. S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington D. C., 87, , Blow, W. H. (1969) Late Middle Eocene to Recent planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy. In Bronnimann, P. and Renz, H. H. eds., Proc. First International conference on planktonic microfossils (Geneva, 1967), Leiden, no. 1, I 67, no. 28: p. Gradstein, F., Ogg, J. and Smith, A. (2004) A Geologic Time Scale Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 589p no. 30, Hayashi, H. and Takahashi, M. (2002) Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Miocene Arakawa Group in central Japan. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicus, 19, , Honda, N. (1981) Upper Cenozoic calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Pacific side of Japan. Dr. dissertation, Tohoku Univ., 110p p. 1983a 34, b p , Paleoparadoxia tabatai 3 34, , Kamikuri, K., Nishi, H., Motoyama, I. and Saito, S. (2004) Middle Miocene to Pleistocene radiolarian biostratigraphy in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, ODP Leg 186. Island Arc, 13, p (2) Maruyama, T. (1984b) Miocene diatom biostrati- graphy of onshore sequences on the Pacific side of northeast Japan, with reference to DSDP Hole 438A (Part 2). Sci. Repts. Tohoku Univ., Second Ser. (Geol.), 55, Matsubara, T. (2000) Early-Middle Miocene mollus- can faunas in the Ninohe-Sannohe district, Iwate and Aomori Prefectures, northeast Japan
18 Dissertation Tohoku Univ., Sendai, 446p. Miller, K.G., Wright, J.D. and Fairbanks, R.G. (1991) Unlocking the ice house: Oligocene-Miocene oxygen isotopes, eustasy, and margin erosion. Journal of Geophysical Research 96, , , no. 1, Ogasawara, K. and Yashima, S. (1981) Miocene molluscs from the Date Formation, Fukushima Prefecture, Northeast Japan. Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Nat. Hist., Res. Bull., no. 49, no. 10, no. 8, Desmostylus 90, Desmostylusno. 27, 111 Okada, H. and Bukry, D. (1980) Supplementary modification and introduction of code numbers to the low-latitude coccolith biostratigraphic zonation (Bukry, 1973, 1975). Marine Micro- paleontol., 5, Desmostylus 63, , No. 24, no. 24, , Shikama, T. (1966) On some Desmostylian teeth in Japan with stratigraphical remarks on the Keton and Izumi Desmostylus. Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, 9, , K-Ar 33, p Paleoparadoxia no. 40, No. 17, no. 5, Watanabe, M. and Yanagisawa, Y. (2005) Refined Early to Middle Miocene diatom biostratigraphy for the middle- to high-latitude North Pacific. The Island Arc, 14, Yamazaki, T. (1989) Paleomagnetism of Miocene sedimentary rocks around Matsushima Bay, Northeast Japan and its implication for the time of the rotation of Northeast Japan. Jour. Geomag. Geoelectr., 41, , ,
19 , Yanagisawa, Y. and Akiba, F. (1998) Refined Neogene diatom biostratigraphy for the Northwest Pacific around Japan, with an introduction of code numbers for selected diatom biohorizons. Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 104, p
20 Plate 1. Diatom fossils from the Shimokurosawa and Kamikurosawa formations in the Ichinoseki area (Figs. 1-38), and the Yanagawa Formation in the Yanagawa area (Figs ). 1-8 Denticulopsis hyalina (Schrader) Simonsen [Ichdesm 05] 1-6: vegetative valve, 7: initial valve, 8: aberrant valve with valve face puncta Denticulopsis simonsenii Yanagisawa et Akiba [9-15: Ichdesm 04, 16: Ichdesm 8, 17: Ichdesm 12, 18: Ichdesm 09] 19 Denticulopsis lauta (Bailey) Simonsen [Ichdesm 05] Denticulopsis praedimorpha var. minor Yanagisawa et Akiba [Ichdesm 12] 20: closed copula, 21, 22: valves 23 Denticulopsis praedimorpha var. prima Watanabe et Yanagisawa [Ichdesm 09] 24, 25 Nitzschia challengeri Schrader [24: Ichidesm 04, 25: Ichdesm 05] Crucidenticula nicobarica (Grunow) Akiba et Yanagisawa [26, 28: Ichdesm 04; 27, 29, 30-32: Ichdesm 05] 27: initial valve 33 Nitzschia sp. A [Ichdesm 08] Nitzschia grunowii Hasle s. l. [Ichdesm 08] 38 Denticulopsis hyalina (Schrader) Simonsen [Yan 15] 39 Girdle view of the frustule of Denticulopsis hyalina group [Yan 15] Denticulopsis praehyalina Tanimura [Yan 15] 43, 44 Denticulopsis tanimurae Yanagisawa et Akiba [Yan 15] Denticulopsis lauta (Bailey) Simonsen [Yan 15]
21 - 21 -
22 Plate 2. Diatom fossils from the Shimokurosawa and Kamikurosawa formations in the Ichinoseki area. 1-4 Thalassiosira grunowii Akiba et Yanagisawa s. l. [1, 2: Ichdesm 08; 3: Ichdesm 04; 4: Ichdesm 05] 5, 6 Thalassiosira sp. [Ichdesm 08] 7, 8 Actinocyclus ingens f. ingens (Rattray) Whiting et Schrader [7: Ichdesm 05; 8: Ichdesm 04] 9 Actinocyclus ingens f. planus (Rattray) Whiting et Schrader [Ichdesm 04] 10, 11 Trochosira spinosa Kitton [10: Ichdesm 05; 11: Ichdesm 04] 12 Stellarima microtrias (Ehrenberg) Hasle et Sims [Ichdesm12] 13 Thalassiosira? sp. [Ichdesm 09] 14 Hyalodiscus obsoletus Sheshukova [Ichdesm 05] 15 Azpeitia vetustissima (Pantocsek) Sims [Ichdesm 05] 16 Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehrenberg [Ichdesm 12] Neodelphineis pelagica Takano [17, 18: Ichdesm 04; 19: Ichdesm 05] Delphineis surirella (Ehrenberg) Andrews s. l. [Ichdesm 04] 25 Navicula sp. [Ichdesm 04] 26 Adoneis pacifica Andrews [Ichdesm 05] 27 Rhaphoneis sp. [Ichdesm 12] 28 Odontella aurita (Lyngbye) Agardh [Ichdesm 04] 29, 30 Rhizosolenia miocenica Schrader [29: Ichdesm 12; 30: Ichdesm 09] 31 Actinoptychus senarius (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg [Ichdesm 05] 32 Thalassionema cf. hirosakiensis (Kanaya) Schrader [Ichdesm 04] 33, 34 Rouxia naviculoides Schrader [Ichdesm 04] 35 Cocconeis californica Grunow [Ichdesm 05] 36 Cocconeis scutellum Ehrenberg [Ichdesm 08] 37 Nitzschia heteropolica Schrader [Ichdesm 09] 39 Nitzschia grunowii Hasle s. l. [Ichdesm 04]
23 - 23 -
24 Plate 3. Diatom fossils from the Shimokurosawa and Kamikurosawa formations in the Ichinoseki area. 1 Cymatosira sp. (girdle view of two frustules) [Ichdesm 05] 2 Liradiscus bipolaris Lohman [Ichdesm 05] 3 Genes et sp. indet. [Ichdesm 08] 4-10 Ikebea tenuis (Brun) Akiba [4, 6, 7: Ichdesm 12; 5, 8, 9: Ichdesm 09; 10: Ichdesm 05]
25 - 25 -
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