Bull. Ibaraki Nat. Mus., 19 : Desmostylus Desmostylus Age of Desmostylus from the Miocene Taga Group at Nagahama Coast, Hirak

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1 Bull. Ibaraki Nat. Mus., 19 : Desmostylus Desmostylus Age of Desmostylus from the Miocene Taga Group at Nagahama Coast,, Kitaibaraki City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan Yukio Yanagisawa, Yoshiki Koda and Hisao Ando Accepted November 13, 2016 Abstract A molar fossil of Desmostylus (INM ) was found in 1992 at Nagahama coast of Town, Kitaibaraki City, Ibaraki Prefecture. Apart from its identification, the age of this fossil has been uncertain because its locality and precise horizon have been poorly documented. We conducted a geological survey on the basis of information available and found a probable fossil locality which belongs to the unit of the channel-fill deposits of the Taga Group. The diatom assemblage of this locality can be assigned to the diatom zone NPD5A (Crucidenticula nicobarica Zone), and dated at Ma. Key words: Desmostylus, Mammalia, Desmostylia, diatom, Taga Group, submarine channel, Miocene, Nagahama,, Kitaibaraki. はじめに Desmostylia Desmostylus Paleoparadoxia Desmostylus japonicus Tokunaga et Iwasaki 1992 INM Kato * Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Central 7, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan ** Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700 Osaki, Bando, Ibaraki , Japan *** Earth Science Course, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki , Japan

2 28 13 T1 T Hr1 Hr2 Hr3 Hr4 Hr5 3 地質の概要 Desmostylus 3 cm Pliocene Miocene Paleogene Cretaceous Hitachi Sendai G. Hitachi G. Taga G. Takaku G. Shirado G. Yunagaya G. Shiramizu G. Futaba G. Basement rocks Yunodake Fault Idosawa Fault Akagi Fault Kitaibaraki Takahagi 140º45' E 0 km Izura 36º30' N Futatsuya F. Onahama Fig N 141º00'E Iwaki Futaba Fault 138 E142 E Japan Sea 図 1. Fig. 1. Geologic map of the Joban area. Pacific Ocean Honshu 36º50'N 36º40'N 34 N Pacific Ocean

3 Desmostylus 29 Age Group & Formation Columnar sections Thick -ness (m) Lithology Depositional environments Mollusca Plant Paleogene Neogene Quat. Pliocene Pleist. Late Early Late Early Oligocene Miocene Early Early Middle Eoc. Late Hitachi Group Taga Group Takaku Yunagaya G. Shiramizu G. H11 H H9 H8 H7 H6 H5 H4 H3 H2 H1 submarine channel-fill deposits T13 T11 T T9 T5 T2 T1 Kokozura F. Kemenoo F. Mizunoya F. Goyasu F. Kunugidaira F. Shirasaka F. Asagai F. Iwaki F. Basement rocks submarine channel-fill deposits submarine slide scar-fill deposits INM shelf to slope deposits sandy,, calcareous sandy, sandy, sandy conglomerate thinly laminated sandy & & conglomerate tuff & conglomerate with coal & conglomerate with coal Desmostylus in Joban area INM : Kato et al. (1992) GSJ F2701 : Tokunaga (1936) Gh : Kato et al. (1989) submarine channel submarine slide submarine channel outer shelf inner shelf upper - middle slope outer shelf inner shelf - lower shoreface gravelly shoreface upper - middle slope (anoxic) upper slope - outer shelf inner shelf upper to lower shoreface estuary, tidal flat, flood plain braided and meandering river upper slope - outer shelf inner shelf - lower shoreface sandy braided river estuary sandy braided river estuary upper - middle slope GSJ F2701 Gh 図 2. Fig. 2. Lithostratigraphy of the Paleogene to Neogene sedimentary sequence distributed in Kitaibaraki, Takahagi and Hitachi areas, Ibaraki Prefecture. 材料および方法 INM

4 柳沢幸夫 国府田良樹 安藤寿男 30 Legend Taga Group Otsu Channel T1 Yunagaya Group Shiramizu Mz Group Go Go Kokozura Kokozura Formation Kg Mz Go As Iw 4 ult Fa 4 Shirasaka F. Asagai F. Iwaki F. Si 4 Kamenoo F. Mizunoya F. Goyasu F. Pacific Ocean Takaku Group 14 Kg Channel Si Si 18 Mz Mz 14 Otsuko St. Hira ka Cha ta nne l 8 T1 r ve ine Izura Izura Tuff Otsu Port ba nl Jo JR 140º46'E l Otsu 00m 36º49.5'N ne 18 Ri 0 an wa Ch ga 6 5 ne su to Sa Ot INM Nagahama Kunosaki 日本地質学会 図 3 北茨城市平潟および大津地区の地質図 安藤ほか 2011 の 5 を一部改変 多賀層群 Fig. 3 北茨城市平潟および大津地区の地質図 安藤ほか ( 2011 ) のFig. Fig. 5を一部改変 多賀層群のユニット名を変更 INM : Desmostylus (INM )の産出地点 のユニット名を変更 INM : Desmostylus INM の産出地点 3. Geologic map Otsu districts, KitaibarakiCity Cityafter afterando et al. (2011), modified Fig.Fig. 3. Geologic map of of thethe andand Otsu districts, Kitaibaraki Ando et al. (2011), modified in part. INM : the locality of Desmostylus (INM ). in part. INM : the locality of Desmostylus (INM ). 図 4 長浜海岸で発見された Desmostylus の右下顎第 3 大臼歯 INM A: 遠心面 B: 近心面 C: 頬側面 D: 舌側面 E: 咬合面 Fig. 4. Desmostylus (INM ) found at Nagahama coast. A: fore view, B: back view, C: buccal view, D: lingual view, E: occlusal view.

5 Desmostylus 31 INM mm Akiba 1986 Yanagisawa and Akiba 1998 NPD D Watanabe and Yanagisawa 2005 Gradstein et al m Kunosaki 25 8 Ostrea parking Pacific Ocean INM Nagahama 結果と考察 1. 産出露頭の探索結果 INM m 1992 Kato B m Restaurant Hamasho Fig parking dip & strike fault Taga Group ( Channel) Kokozura F. Kamenoo F. tephra or bed November 15, 20 図 5. INM : Desmostylus INM Fig. 5. Route map of the Nagahama coast,, Kitaibaraki City. INM : locality of Desmostylus (INM ).

6 a Diatom zone JOB4341 Thalassiosira grunowii s. l. C Denticulopsis vulgaris July 30, 2016 Denticulopsis simonsenii A Crucidenticula nicobarica 柳沢幸夫 国府田良樹 安藤寿男 32 1m b d e B May 20, a b d Actinocyclus ingens f. nodus 4339 NPD 5A (Crucidenticula nicobarica Zone) 4340 c 5718 INM e c 4335 siltst gr. vc. c.m.f. vf. ss Legend of lithology sandy calcareous concretion 図 6 INM が産出した露頭の写真と岩相柱状図 A: 2016 年 7 月 30 日撮影 B: 1992 年 5 月 20 日撮影 Fig. 6 人物は INM の発見者の尾ヶ井清彦氏 故人 C: 岩相柱状図と珪藻化石層序 矢じり (a e): 写真の 比較ポイント 矢印 : INM の産出層準 Fig. 6. Photographs and columnar section of the outcrop of Desmostylus (INM ). A: Photograph taken on July 30, B: Photograph taken on May 20, C: Columnar section of the outcrop and diatom biostratigraphy. Arrow heads (a-e) indicate correlation points between the photographs A and B. Arrows indicate the occurrence horizon of INM

7 北茨城市平潟産の Desmostylus の年代 33 図 7 INM の露頭から産出した珪藻化石 内は試料番号を示す Fig. 7. Diatoms from the outcrop of INM [ ]: sample number. Fig : Crucidenticula nicobarica (Grunow) Akiba et Yanagisawa [JOB5720]; 4: Nitzschia challengeri Schrader [JOB5720]; 5: Navicula sp. [JOB5720]; 6, 7: Denticulopsis simonsenii Yanagisawa et Akiba [JOB5720]; 8: Ikebea tenuis (Brun) Akiba [JOB5720]; 9: Actinocyclus ingens f. nodus (Baldauf) Whiting et Schrader [JOB5720]; : Stephanogonia hanzawae Kanaya [JOB5718]; 11: Actinocyclus ellipticus Grunow [JOB8720]; 12: Denticulopsis hyalina (Schrader) Simonsen [JOB5719]. また 産出層準の下位には層状の石灰質コンクリ シ の写真 B の e の部分には楕円形の石灰質コンクリ ョンが見られる ションが見える 2016 年の写真 A では この石 以上の情報を基にして 長浜海岸の露頭を詳しく探 灰質コンクリ ションはないが 相当する部分は凸部 索したところ 図 3 および図 5 において矢印で示した になっている 5 幾つかの薄い砂岩層の挟みの位置 地点の露頭が 図 6 の B の露頭写真や佐藤ほか 1992 も両者でほぼ一致する 以上のように この地点の露 の記述によく合致することがわかった 比較のため 頭は 標本発見当時に撮影された写真に写された標本 2016 年 7 月 30 日現在の露頭の写真を図 6 の A に示す の産出露頭とは 全体的な特徴も細部の形についても この露頭の位置は 佐藤ほか 1992 の第 1 図で よく一致する したがって この露頭が標本の産出し 印で示された産出地点の範囲から南にやや外れている た露頭だと判断される ものの 以下に示すように この露頭の特徴は標本発 標本が産出したのが 図 6 の B の中で発見者の尾 見当時に撮影された写真の露頭 図 6 の B の特徴と ヶ井氏が指さしている先であるとすると 標本の産出 以下の点でよく一致する 1 厚さ 1 m の粗粒な砂岩 層準は厚い砂岩層基底から約 30 cm 下位で 層状石灰 層が挟まっていることで共通する 長浜海岸ではこの 質コンクリ ションの直上となる 図 6 の C の矢印 ような厚い砂岩層を挟む露頭は他に存在しない さら この部分は泥岩であり これは佐藤ほか 1992 の 長 に 砂岩層内部の層理の形 図 6 の写真 A B の対比 浜標本はシルト岩中から産出した とする記述と一致 点 a および b を参照 が両写真で完全に一致する 2 する 1992 年の写真 B の c の部分では 厚い砂岩層の基 ただし 2 つの写真を比べると 露頭上部の形状は 底付近から出た水の流れた跡が写っているが 2016 やや異なっている 1992 年の写真 図 6 の B では 年の写真 A でも それに相当する部分が同様に水 厚い砂岩層の上位は 垂直に近い急な崖になっている の流れで湿っているのがわかる ただし 露頭面が湿 が 2016 年の写真 図 6 の A では緩い斜面となっ っている範囲は 2016 年の方がやや広い 3 標本産出 ており しかもその上位は平地となっている これは 層準の直下にある層状の石灰質コンクリ ションの形 1992 年から 2016 年までの間に 露頭上部が削られて 状 A B の d も両者でほぼ一致する 年 平坦面が人工的に作られたためと考えられる

8 34 表 1.INM Table 1. Occurrence chart of diatoms from the outcrop of INM Diatom zones NPD5A (C. nicobarica Zone) Sample number (JOB-) Preservation M P P P P M P M M G G Abundance A C C R C A C A A A A Actinocyclus cf. curvatulus C.Janisch A. ellipticus Grunow A. ingens f. ingens (Rattray) Whiting et Schrader A. ingens f. nodus (Baldauf) Whiting et Schrader A. ingens f. planus Whiting et Schrader A. octonarius Ehr Actinoptychus senarius (Ehr.) Ehr Azpeitia endoi (Kanaya) P.A.Sims et G.A.Fryxell Cavitatus jouseanus (Sheshukova) D.M.Williams C. miocenicus (Schrader) Akiba et Yanagisawa Cocconeis vitrea Brun Coscinodiscus lewisianus Grev C. marginatus Ehr C. radiatus Ehr Crucidenticula nicobarica (Grun.) Akiba et Yanagisawa Delphineis surirella (Ehr.) G.W.Andrews Denticulopsis hyalina (Schrader) Simonsen D. ichikawae Yanagisawa et Akiba D. praedimorpha var. prima Watanabe et Yanagisawa D. simonsenii Yanagisawa et Akiba D. vulgaris (Okuno) Yanagisawa et Akiba S-type girdle view of D. simonsenii group Diploneis smithii (Bréb.) Cleve Eucampia sp. A (= Hemiaulus polymorphus Grunow) Grammatophora spp Hyalodiscus obsoletus Sheshukova Ikebea tenuis (Brun) Akiba Mediaria splendida Sheshukova Melosira sol (Ehr.) Kützing Nitzschia challengeri Schrader N. grunowii Hasle N. heteropolica Schrader Odontella aurita (Lyngb.) J.A.Agardh Paralia sulcata (Ehr.) Cleve Proboscia alata (Bright.) Sundstöm Rhizosolenia miocenica Schrader R. styliformis Brightw Rouxia naviculoides Schrader Stellarima microtrias (Ehr.) Hasle et P.A.Sims Stephanogonia hanzawae Kanaya Stephanopyxis spp Thalassionema cf. hirosakiensis (Kanaya) Schrader T. nitzschioides (Grunow) H. Perag. et Perag Thalassiosira grunowii Akiba et Yanagisawa T. leptopus (Grunow) Hasle et G.A.Fryxell Thalassiothrix longissima Cleve et Grunow Aulacoseira spp Navicula sp Total number of valves counted Resting spore of Chaetoceros Preservation, G: good; M: moderate, P: poor. Abundance, A: abundant; C: comon; R: rare

9 Desmostylus 珪藻化石年代分析 11 6 C Crucidenticula nicobarica Denticulopsis simonsenii D. praedimorpha var. minor D. praedimorpha var. praedimorpha 7 1 Denticulopsis hyalina D. simonsenii Akiba 1986 Yanagisawa and Akiba 1998 NPD5A Crucidenticula nicobarica Ma Late Pliocene Late Early Miocene Age Middle Early Geomag. Diatom (Ma) Ma Pol. Chron Zones Biohorizons 9 D90 (2.7) b 3 D85( ) 8 a D80 (3.5) (3.9) C2A C3 C3A C3B C4 C4A C5 Gauss Gilbert C5A C5AA C5AB C5AC C5AD C5B C5C C5D C5E 7Bb D77.5 (5.4) D77 (5.6) 7Ba D75 (6.5) 2 D73 (6.8) 7A 1 D70 (7.7) 3 D68 (7.9) 6B 2 1 D66 (8.5) D65 (8.7) 6A D60 (9.3) 4 D59 (9.4) 5D 2 3 D58 (9.5) 1 D57 (9.6) 3 D56 (.0) D55.8 (.2) 5C 2 D55.(11.2) 1 D55 (11.4) 4 D54 (11.6) 3 5B D53 (12.3) 2 D52 (12.4) 1 D51 (12.7) 5A D50 (13.1) 4Bb D48 (14.1) D47 (14.1) 4Ba D45 (14.5) 7 D44 (14.6) 6 D43.2 (15.2) 4A 5 D43 (15.4) 4 D42 (15.5) 3 D41.5 (15.6) 1 2 D41 (15.8) D40 (15.9) 2 3B 1 D35 (16.6) 2 3A D33 (16.7) 1 D30 (17.0) 2B 2A D25 (18.1) Channels Otsu & Otsu T1 Kokozura F. Shirado G. INM Yunagaya Group Kamenoo F. Goyasu F. Channel units Group H11 H H9 H8 H7 H6 H5 H4 H3 H2 H1 T13 T11 T T9 T5 T2 T1 Hitachi Group Taga Group GSJ F2701 Gh 図 8. Akiba (1986) Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998) Watanabe and Yanagisawa (2005) Gradstein et al. (2012) Fig. 8. Chronology of the Neogene sequence distributed in and Otsu districts, Kitaibaraki City, Ibaraki Prefecture. Diatom zonation of Akiba (1986) and Yanagisawa and Akiba (1998) is used, partly revised by Watanabe and Yanagisawa (2005) and adjusted to the geomagnetic time scale of Gradstein et al. (2012) Ma 12.7 Ma 8 3. 産出層準と年代 INM NPD5A Ma Ma INM Desmostylus GSJ-F Ma Ma INM INM Desmostylus japonicus Tokunaga et Iwasaki D. japonicus INM D. hesperus Marsh Desmostylus sp. 謝辞

10 36 2 Desmostylus 引用文献 Akiba, F Middle Miocene to Quaternary diatom biostratigraphy in the Nankai Trough and Japan Trench, and modified Lower Miocene through Quaternary diatom zones for middle-to-high latitudes of the North Pacific. In Kagami, H., D. E. Karig, W. T. Coulbourn et al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 87. pp , U. S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington D. C : Gradstein, F., J. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg A Geologic Time Scale ,144 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (1): Kato, M Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Takaku and Taga Groups in the Joban Coal Field, Northeast Honshu, Japan. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Geology), 50: Desmostylus japonicus Tokunaga and Iwasaki, 1914 NSM-PV (1): Desmostylus (19): Desmostylus Sci. Rep. Yokohama National Univ., Sec. II, 36: : : Watanabe, M. and Y. Yanagisawa Refined Early Miocene to Middle Miocene diatom biochronology for the middle- to high-latitude North Pacific. Island Arc, 14: : Diatom 27: Yanagisawa, Y. and F. Akiba Refined Neogene diatom biostratigraphy for the northwest Pacific around Japan, with an introduction of code numbers for selected diatom biohorizons. Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 4: ( 要旨 ) 柳沢幸夫 国府田良樹 安藤寿男. 茨城県北茨城市平潟町長浜海岸の中新統多賀層群から産出した Desmostylus の大臼歯化石の年代. 茨城県自然博物館研究報告第 19 号 (2016)pp Desmostylus INM NPD5A Ma ( キーワード ):.

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