Studies of Foot Form for Footwear Design (Part 9) : Characteristics of the Foot Form of Young and Elder Women Based on their Sizes of Ball Joint Girth

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1 Studies of Foot Form for Footwear Design (Part 9) : Characteristics of the Foot Form of Young and Elder Women Based on their Sizes of Ball Joint Girth and Foot Breadth Akiko Yamamoto Fukuoka Women's University, Fukuoka Abstract An application of the regression analysis has been made to the foot data of 241 young women ranging from 18 to 23 in age and 205 elder women ranging from 60 to 89 in age. In order to make clear their foot form characteristics, shoe sizes of ball joint girth to foot length and foot breadth to foot length have been discussed with the regression analysis. The results are as follows: 1) A foot length proportion, in terms of the ratio of ball joint girth to foot length, has been classified into three types: stubby, normal and slender. For the young, a stubby type conforms to E-3E; a normal type conforms to C-E and a slender type conforms to B-C. By contrast, for the elder, conforms to 2E-F, D-3E and C-D respectively. This classification covers 96% of the subjects i.e., cm in foot length. The size designation of ball joint girth is indicated according to the Japanese Industrial Standard for shoes. 2) A foot breadth proportion, in terms of the ratio of foot breadth to ball joint girth, has been classified into three types: wide, normal and narrow. A discussion has been made within mm in ball joint girth which covers 95% of the total subject. The normal type for the elder corresponds to the narrow type for the young. The narrow type for the elder corresponds to the normal type for the young. A foot breadth in the elder is thus wider than that in the young by one rank. (Received September 21, 1998) Key Words : ball joint girth design, foot breadth, foot form, footwear, regression analysis, shoes, size, women. (Journal of the Japan Research Association for Textile End-Uses, Vol. 40, pp , 1999) (399) /99/ $ 01.00/0 (c)1999 Jpn. Res. Assn. Text. End-Uses.

2

3 Table 1 Sizing system for shoes of females by Japanese Industrial Standard UIS S 5037:1998) Length : Foot length Perimeter : Ball Joint girth Width : Foot breadth (unit : mm)

4 59 Table 2-a The values of mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum for five measurements and two indices x :Mean, S: Standard deviation, **( a=0, 01): Significant difference between the mean values of the young and ag. ed. are Indices shown by percentage

5 Table 2-c Frequency distribution of ball joint girth in the subjects

6 Fig. 1-a Histogram of proportions of ball joint girth to foot length for the young and aged compared x : Mean, s : Standard deviation Fig. 1-b Histogram of proportions of foot breadth to ball joint girth for the young and aged compared x : Mean, s : Standard deviation Table 3-a Frequency of subjects in the three types of foot proportion unit : number, % in (). Indices are shown by percentage. **(a=0.01) : Significant difference between the percentages of the young and aged. Table 3-b Frequency of subjects in the three types of foot breadth unit : number, % in (). Indices are shown by percentage. **(a=0.01) : Significant difference between the percentages of the young and aged.

7 Table 4 Correlation coefficients among foot length, ball joint girth and foot breadth in classified and unclassified indices r : Correlation coefficient. Indices are shown by percentage. Each of is small figures shows foot length as 1, ball joint girth as 2 and foot breadth as 3. *(a=0,05) : Significant difference between the correlation coefficients of young and aged groups in each class. Table 5 Regression equations for ball joint girth to foot length and foot breadth to ball joint girth r2: Contribution rate, S: Standard deviation Fig. 2-a Regression lines of ball joint girth to foot length for young women I : Y= X, III : Y= X, II : Y= X, T : Y= X, (Y: Ball joint girth X, : Foot length) I : Stubby type 11 : Normal type III : Slender type

8 Fig. 2-b Regression lines of ball joint girth to foot length for aged women I : Y= X, II : Y= X, III : Y= X, T : Y= X, (Y: Ball joint girth X, : Foot length) I : Stubby type II : Normal type III : Slender type Fig. 3-a Regression lines of foot breadth to ball joint girth for young women I : Y= X, II : Y= X, III : Y= X, T : Y= X, (Y : Foot breadth X, : Ball joint girth) I : Wide type ii: Normal type III : Narrow type Fig. 3-b Regression lines of foot breadth to ball joint girth for aged women I : Y= X, II : Y= X, III : Y= X, T : Y= X, (Y : Foot breadth X, : Ball joint girth) I : Wide type II : Normal type III : Narrow type

9 Fig, 4-a The rate of subjects within certain intervals of residual between estimates and measurements when ball joint girth to foot length is estimated by the regression equation Fig. 4-b The rate of subjects within certain intervals of residual between estimates and measurements when foot breadth to ball joint girth is estimated by the regression equation

10 Fig. 5 Shoe sizes of ball joint girth to foot length in the young and aged women compared with Japanese Industrial Standard

11 Fig. 6 Shoe sizes of foot breadth aged compared to ball joint girth of the young and

12 5) International Organization for Standardization INTERNATIONAL STANDARD, ISO 9407:1991(E), Shoes sizes-mondopoint system of sizing and marking, Switzerland, p.1(1991)

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