早期公開用③★.smd

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "早期公開用③★.smd"

きよはるはにうだ
5 years ago
Views:

1 DOI: /jjmf 論文高粘性な粘弾性流体中を上昇する気泡の気液界面から * 発現する糸状形状に関する考察 A Consideration about Threadlike Shapes that Emerge from the Gas-Liquid Interface of Single Rising Bubbles in a Highly Viscous Viscoelastic Liquid ** 太田光浩 *** 徳井紀彦 *** 藤本修吾岩田修一 OHTA Mitsuhiro TOKUI Norihiko FUJIMOTO Shugo IWATA Shuichi Abstract The motion of single bubbles rising in a highly viscous hydrophobically modified alkali-soluble emulsion (HASE) polymer solution is experimentally examined. In the experiment, a 1.6 wt% HASE polymer solution, which is adjusted to ph 7.0 by adding a sodium hydroxide solution, is used. In this study, we focus on the long threadlike shapes formed at the bottom of a bubble. Our observations are recorded using two high-speed video cameras. The morphology of trailing edges with threadlike branches is sensitive to the bubble size. For increasing bubble size, the number of threadlike branches observed also increases; more than 10 threadlike-branches are observed for large sized bubbles. Besides reporting on bubble morphology for single bubbles rising in a highly viscous HASE material, we also report on a discontinuity change in the relation of bubble rise velocity vs bubble volume. Keywords: HASE solution, Viscoelastic fluid, Bubble rise motion, Bubble shape, Elastic effect 1. 緒言疎水変性アルカリ可溶エマルション高分子 (HASE) は近年粘度調整剤として工業的に用いられている高分子である.HASE の原液は強酸性のエマルション状態であるがアルカリ物質を添加すると増粘した水溶性の液体となる HASE は多数の種類があり液体物性として非ニュートン性を示すがレオロジー特性は HASE の種類によって異なる従来から粘度調整剤として用いられてきた高分子は一般的に水溶性の粉末固体であり溶液中に均一に溶かすのは容易ではない例えば粉末がうまく混ざらずに粉末が小さな塊として残存したり均一に溶けるまでに時間を要する等の難点がある一方 HASE はアルカリ物質の添加により直ちに増粘した液体となるため非常に扱い易い利点がある Soto et al. [1] は Primal TT 935(Dow Chemical Co.) という HASE 溶液中を上昇する気泡は非常に特徴的な形状となることを報告した Soto et al. [1] が観察した気泡は従来から観察されてきた粘弾性流体中をカスプ形状 ( 気泡底部が尖った形状 ) で上昇する気泡 [2 7] とは全く異なるものであった著者ら [8] は Soto et al.[1] の実験条件より広範囲の物性物理条件下で HASE 溶液中での気泡上昇運動を調べ Soto et al.[1] が観察した気泡とは異なる特徴的な形状を持った様々な気泡運動を報告した Soto et al.[1] はアルカリ物質として 2- アミノ -2- メチル -1- プロパノールを用いて ph = 9 に溶液の * Received: 10 August 2017 / Accepted: 7 January 2018 / Published online: 18 May 2018 ** 徳島大学大学院社会産業理工学研究部機械科学系徳島市南常三島町 2 1 TEL: (088) FAX: (088) m-ohta@tokushima-u.ac.jp *** 徳島大学大学院先端技術科学教育部知的力学システム工学専攻名古屋工業大学大学院工学研究科生命応用化学専攻

2 8 ph = 7 Soto et al. 1 8 HASE HASE HASE HASE HASE HASE HASE HASE 8 Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of experimental apparatus. 2. 実験 2.1 実験装置 Fig m 0.25 m 1.1 m HASE Primal TT 935 Dow Chemical Co. ph wt% HASE HASE 293 K 2 1 HAS D3 500 ~ 2000 fps 1 HAS fps 2.2 物性値 HASE HASE ρ L DA-110 σ Lee et al. 9 Lee Chan Pogaku Du Noüy ρ L = 1005 kg/m 3 σ = N/m η L 1 N 1 RS 600 Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K. Fig.2 HASE η L N 1!γ η L N 1 Carreau Yasuda 10 η L =η 0 1+ ( β!γ ) α ( n 1) α (1) η 0

Fig. 2 Rheological properties. = 1.9 PaSs α Yasuda ě = 1.0 β śăħǅ = 9.5 10 3 s n 1 v Ďě = 0.23 ' $! =:, Carreau Yasuda ctiygbno, : 1.6wt% HASE Œŉ,ƁîśĂ?ƏØ <( ƁîŌÝ, -ĿƳūÌ Ǔ ĞƷîÃ 'ƁîŌÝ?ǄÎ <!

$,λ, :Ǔ ÏŒŉ,Ƌ ºĦǅ( &- 1.6wt%HASE Œŉ,ôĂ-Ü ( Ğ' < 3. 結果と考察 3.1 気泡形状 Fig. 3 +ŀņqģƺ Ħ+ơØ =!ŀņöŝ,lvr\jfru?ų :ģ: *9 +ŀņrƾ+-ɔ /!ƂŜöŜ öć = < ù Ü ŀņ d = 5.8 9.1 mm '-ƂŜö Ŝ- 1 ī' < ŀņù Ì *<(İ =,īě É < d = 14.$

3 Fig. 2 Rheological properties. = 1.9 PaSs α Yasuda ě = 1.0 β śăħǅ = s n 1 v Ďě = 0.23 ' $! =:, Carreau Yasuda ctiygbno, : 1.6wt% HASE Œŉ,ƁîśĂ?ƏØ <( ƁîŌÝ, -ĿƳūÌ Ǔ ĞƷîÃ 'ƁîŌÝ?ǄÎ <!5+ ŀņqģƺ Ħ+ -Ì *ƁîŌÝ-Š * (wă' < 4! ôă,ďĺ' <ƋºĦǅ λ - Leider and Bird,ĠŅ 11 +9;ž! Õŏ!jEkKn śă9;ł5!ɵđ, ĞƷîLIni Γ = U/ d/2 10 ~ 20 s 1 UǗŀņqĢƷî dǘŀņ,ş ŷŭõù +Ù <ƋºĦǅ- λ = s ' $!,λ, :Ǔ ÏŒŉ,Ƌ ºĦǅ( &- 1.6wt%HASE Œŉ,ôĂ-Ü ( Ğ' < 3. 結果と考察 3.1 気泡形状 Fig. 3 +ŀņqģƺ Ħ+ơØ =!ŀņöŝ,lvr\jfru?ų :ģ: *9 +ŀņrƾ+-ɔ /!ƂŜöŜ öć = < ù Ü ŀņ d = mm '-ƂŜö Ŝ- 1 ī' < ŀņù Ì *<(İ =,īě É < d = 14.2 mm 17.9 mm 22.5 mm 24.8 mm +Ù <LVR\JfRUť rƾ ħ &ƟǊ t,lvr\jf RUı '-İ =!ƂŜöŜ- =& * =:,İ =!ƂŜöŜ- 2 ļ é ǍŜ(*$& ; ĺ :ơø <( 1 ī,ƃŝ öŝ( &Ɵ < d = 24.8 mm +Ù <ŀņö Ŝ- ƂŜ+İ =!éǎŝķƹ?õǈ+ĺ Fig. 3 Overall views of the bubble shape. :ơø!lvr\jfru' < ĺ :, ĥ -Ɵđ q- 1 ī,ƃŝöŝ+ɵ < ơ ØƢî?Ê <(Ŗě+İ =!éǎŝ, ķƹ?ơø' < * ƂŜ+İ =!é ǍŜķƸ öć =<Ġ -ŀņšć,ĸï+ Ð < īõǒ'- Źŀ?ő5! ŞŜ,F R\?¼Ʋ &ŀņ?šć & < ±¼Ʋ 'ŀņšć!æ³(ä¼ʋ'ŀņšć?! Æ³'- ƂŜ+İ =!éǎŝķƹ,öć Ġ Ê <! $& FR\,¼ƲĠ?ÀÔ =. éǎŝķƹ,öćġ 6ÀÔ =

4 Fig. 4 Close-up views of the bottom shape of the bubble. <!5+ ĽǍ < - Ǎ,Ĕø-ÖĤ(*< ŀņšćƻŵ+ & ŞŜ,FR\?¼Ʋ <( ŀņ-êö!ŝć'fr\ :Ę =< ŀņ qģ?ǆî <( ŀņ?ĺ <Ǔ ÏŇ=+9;ôĂ Ţ < Êö!ŜĆ,ŀņíƾ+ Ţ <ôă-sâo(*<, ú ŀņqģʒî- Ʒ < sâo*ôă Ţ,øǎ?!ŜĆ :ƂŜ+İ =! éǎŝķƹ ũƽ,öćġ 6Ń4<! " ±¼Ʋ(ä¼Ʋ'- öćġ ŧ*<" ' ƂŜ+İ =!éǎŝķƹ ơø =< ûĭ :ơø =&!FL\öŜ?!ŀ ņ 2 7 +Ŀ1 ǓƁĂ* HASE Œŉt'Ɵ:=!ŀņrƾ :ǌç+ǃ ò!ŀŭ öć =<ŦǍŝƮ- ǌç+śþū' <(Ƥ < 3.2 気泡下部の糸状形状 ŀņrƾ'öć =<śþū*öŝ?9;ƨ Ɔ+ơØ <!5+ MnajlM?Ţ ŀņ rƾ+ŗŕ?õ&&čìĕø?ƙ$!lvr\ JfRU? Fig. 4 +Ų Fig. 4 -ŀņù+ā!ŀņrƾ,čìĥ ' < d = 9.1 mm 'Fig. 3 'Ų!9 +ŀņrƾ+ 1 ī,ɔǃ Ƃ ŜöŜ öć =& < ŀņù Ì *<( İ =,īě É < 4 d = 12.4 mm,ŀņ'- ĳ,ƾ 2 %+ =Î5& <, <!",Ĭ}'-Ó + 2 %,ƂŜ+ =& : ŮrĠ'- 1 ī, ƂŜöŜ(*$& < *># d = 12.4 mm,ĭ}- 2 ī,i = Š Î5<ƻōĬ} ' <(Ƥ < d = 13.5 mm,ŀņ'- 3 ī+ İ =!ƂŜöŜ(*;,ú Ǐļ d = 14.2 mm,ŀņ' 4 ī d = 15.1 mm,ŀņ' 5

5 d = 16.6 mm 6 d = 17.3 mm 7 d = 17.9 mm 8 d = 19.7 mm 11 1 Fig. 5 Fig. 5 2 d 30 mm d 30 mm Oldroyd B 12 FENE CR Fig. 4 HASE HASE Fig. 5 Relation between the number of branch and the bubble diameter. HASE HASE λ = s 3.3 気泡上昇速度 Fig. 6 U V U Amirnia et al. 18

6 Fig. 6 Bubble rise velocity as a function of the bubble volume. HASE Soto et al. 1 Fig. 6 8 V = 100 mm 3 d = 5.8 mm Fig. 3 d = 5.8 mm 1 Soto et al 結言 HASE 1 HASE HASE HASE 謝辞 JSPS JP 参考文献 [1] Soto, E., Goujon, C., Zenit, R. and Manero O., A Study of Velocity Discontinuity for Single Air Bubbles Rising in an Associative Polymer, Phys. Fluids, Vol. 18(12), (2006). [2] Astarita, G. and Apuzzo, G., Motion of Gas Bubbles in Non-Newtonian liquids, AIChE J., Vol.11(5), (1965). [3] Acharya, A., Mashelkar, R. A. and Ulbrecht, J., Mechanics of Bubble Motion and Deformation in Non Newtonian Media, Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 32(8), (1977). [4] De Kee, D. and Chhabra, R. P., A Photographic Study of Shapes of Bubbles and Coalescence in Non-Newtonian Polymer Solutions, Rheol. Acta, Vol. 27(6), (1988). [5] Rodrigue, D. and De Kee, D., Bubble Velocity Jump Discontinuity in Polyacrylamide Solutions: a Photographic Study, Rheol. Acta, Vol. 38(2), (1999). [6] Pilz, C. and Brenn, G., On the Critical Bubble Volume at the Rise Velocity Jump Discontinuity in Viscoelastic Liquids, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., Vol. 145(2-3), (2007). [7] Ohta, M., Hieda, Y., Tokui, N. and Iwata, S., The Motion of a Bubble Rising through Viscoelastic Polymeric Liquids, Transactions of the JSME, Vol. 81(823), (2015). [8] Ohta, M., Kobayashi, N., Shigekane, Y., Yoshida, Y. and Iwata, S., The Dynamic Motion

7 of Single Bubbles with Unique Shapes Rising Freely in Hydrophobically Modified Alkali-Soluble Emulsion Polymer Solutions, J. Rheol., Vol. 59(2), (2015). [9] Lee, B.-B., Ravindra, P. and Chan, E.-S., Surface and Interfacial Tension Measurement by the Drop Weight Method, Chem. Eng. Comm., Vol. 195(8), (2008). [10] Yasuda, K., Armstrong, R. C. and Cohen, R. E., Shear Flow Properties of Concentrated Solutions of Linear and Star Branched Polystyrenes, Rheol. Acta, Vol. 20(2), (1981). [11] Leider, P. J. and Bird, R. B., Squeezing Flow Between Parallel Disks. I. Theoretical Analysis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., Vol. 13(4), (1974). [12] Oldroyd, J. G., On the Formulation of Rheological Equations of State, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, Vol. 200, (1950). [13] Chilcott, M. D. and Rallison, J. M., Creeping Flow of Dilute Polymer Solutions Past Cylinders and Spheres, J. Non Newtonian Fluid Mech., Vol. 29, (1988). [14] Noh, D. S., Kang, I. S. and Leal, L. G., Numerical Solutions for the Deformation of a Bubble Rising in Dilute Polymeric Fluids, Phys. Fluids, Vol. A5(6), (1993). [15] Málaga, C. and Rallison, J. M., A Rising Bubble in a Polymer Solution, J. Non Newtonian Fluid Mech., Vol. 141(1), (2007). [16] Pillapakkam, S. B., Singh, P., Blackmore, D. and Aubry, N., Transient and Steady State of a Rising Bubble in a Viscoelastic Fluid, J. Fluid Mech., Vol. 589, (2007). [17] Ohta, M., Onodera, K., Yoshida, Y. and Sussman, M., Three dimensional Numerical Simulations of a Rising Bubble in a Viscoelastic FENE CR Model Fluid, AIP Conf. Proceed., Vol. 1027, (2008). [18] Amirnia, S., de Bruyn, J. R., Bergougnou, M. A. and Margaritis, A., Continuous Rise Velocity of Air Bubbles in Non-Newtonian Biopolymer Solutions, Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 94, (2013).

研究成果報告書

研究成果報告書様式 C-19 F-19 Z-19( 共通 ) 1. 研究開始当初の背景アルカリ溶解会合高分子 (HASE) は, 近年, 主として増粘剤として工業的に用いられている溶液である. ここ 10 年来,HASE 溶液の物性に関する論文は多くあり, 剪断速度に依存した見掛け粘度および弾性特性は, 通常の粘弾性流体の範疇にあり非ニュートン性は弱い. 非ニュートン性が弱いにも関わらず, Soto ら (Phys.