タイ国アンダマン海沿岸Nam Khem 平野の地形と津波の挙動および津波堆積物の空間的分布
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1 E-journal GEO vol.1 (0) タイ国アンダマン海沿岸 Nam Khem 平野の地形と津波の挙動および津波堆積物の空間的分布 Spatial distribution of tsunami deposits and behavior of the tsunami flow in the Nam Khem coastal plain, southern Thailand Tanavud Charlchai Patanakanog Boonrak Masatomo Umitsu, Charlchai Tanavud and Boonrak Patanakanog Nam Khem Distribution and spatial characteristics of the tsunami flow and tsunami deposits in relation to the landforms of the Nam Khem Plain, Thailand are studied. Landforms of the Nam Khem Plain are characterized by rows of beach ridges and mounds of tin mining dump. Areas with thick tsunami deposits are distributed widely in the northern part of the plain. Direction of up tsunami flow is almost vertical to the coast line, and that of down flow relates to the topography of the area. Up flows of tsunami attacked the area from the two directions from west and northwest, and they concentrated in the northern part of the plain. Several back flows flew from the southern direction and concentrated to the northern part of the plain. These flows caused the accumulation of tsunami sediments especially in the northern part of the Nam Khem Plain. Micro landforms of the plain relate to the distribution of the thickness of tsunami deposits. Existence of the swales between beach ridges corresponds well with the distribution of the thick tsunami deposits. Key words: tsunami, tsunami deposits, coastal plain, Andaman Sea, Thailand I (1961) Minoura et al.(1991) ほか (1994)
2 1998) (1998) (2002) (1961) 1994 Nishimura and Miyaji 1995 Atwater and Hemphill-Haley (1997) Dawson et al (1995) Clague et al (1999) 2004 Nam Khem 1 Figure 1 Location of the Nam Khem Plain Khao Lak ( 1) II Nam Khem IKONOS SRTM(Shutle Rader Topographic Mission)DEM 3D IKONOS GPS
3 E-journal GEO 2006 Vol. 1 (0) Khem 平野の北部をなしている この低地の南東に は台地が分布しているが平野北部では低地との高 さの差が余りなく スズ採鉱の廃土からなる盛土 が存在することなどから台地と低地の境界を厳密 に認定することはや や困難である なお Nam Khem 平野の北部から南部にかけての台地と低地 の境界線はほぼ南北に走り 所々に台地を刻む谷 底平野が存在する 海岸線から台地縁辺までの距 離は 突出部の Hua Krang Nui 岬付近を除いて南に 図 2 押し波によって倒されたフェンスの支柱 Figure 2 Fence posts fallen by up tsunami flow 向けて狭くなる傾向があり 最南部では低地の幅 が 500 m 以下となる Nam khem 平野の低地の本来の地形は浜堤列お よび堤間低地を主とするが 平野の北部および南 部ではスズ採鉱にともなう人工改変地が分布する 図 3 引き波の流れを示す倒された草本 Figure 3 Falen and buried grasses partially covered with Tsunami sediments 植物のようなものが向きを変えて流れの方向を示 すに至ったと考えられる この状況は津波の到達限界地点においてとくに 明瞭に認められ Nam Khem 平野ではスズ採掘跡の 廃土の山に見られる津波の到達限界において 倒 された草本の示す方向が陸側ではなく海側を示し ていたことからでも明らかである このことをふまえて 現地調査では押し波と引 き波の指標を区別し 調査地点において最も代表 性のあるものを選んでその方向を測定した III Nam Khem 平野の地形 Nam Khem 平野は東西約 1.5 km 南北約 12 km の 沖積低地で 低地の背後には標高 10 m 前後の台地 が存在する(後掲図 4 参照) 平野の北部では東側 に Bang Muang 川が流れ その東側にはマングロー 図 4 Nam Khem 平野の地形分類図 Figure 4 Landform classification map of the Nam Khem Plain ブ林の発達する沖積地が広がる 川の西側には幅 1.5 km 程度の沖積低地が逆 L 字型に発達し Nam -4-
4 Pak Ko (Laem Pom ) Pak Ko 2 3 m 1 m Bang Muang Nam Khem Nam Khem 20 m, 5 m Hua Krang Nui 7 1 m Hua Krang Nui 500 m 10 m Hua Krang Nui Nam Khem Hua Krang Nui 200 m IV - 5 -
5 Nam Khem Pak Ko (Laem Pom ) Nam Khem L-1, H-1 L-2 H-2 L-3 5 N-1 L-4 L-1 L-4 H-3 Nam Khem L-4 L-1 Bang Muang L-4 L-2 Nam Khem Pak Ko (Laem Pom ) 7 m VI L-1 L-2 5 H-1 L-4 N-1 2 H-2 ( H-2 ( ) H-3 L-1 L-1 H-2-6 -
6 5 Figure 5 Tsunami flows in northern part of the Nam Khem plain from WSW view (Red arrow up flow, Blue arrow down flow, Green line: tsunami limit) VII IKONOS IKONOS Nam Khem cm - 7 -
7 6 ) (2005). Figure 6 Tsunami deposits in the central part of the Nam Khem plain (Brown soil indicates the original ground surface. 3D diagram is drawn based on the DEM by Nagasawa, 2005) 5 10 cm 6. ( 7) VIII 7-8 -
8 7 Figure 7 Spatial distribution of tsunami deposits and tsunami flows in northern part of the Nam Khem Plain Andaman Pak Ko (Laem Pom ) Nam Khem - 9 -
9 Hua Krang Nui IX Nam Khem ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ),, 16 B )
10 p Nam Khem , CD Atwater, B. F. and Hemphill-Haley E Recurrence intervals for great earthquakes of the past 3500 years at northeastern Willapa Bay, Washington. US Geologoical Survey Professional Paper 1576: 108p. Clague, J. J., Hutchinson, I., Mathews, R. W. and Patterson, R. T Evidendce for Late Holocene Tsunamis at Catala Lake, British Columbia. Journal of Coastal Research 15: Dawson, A. G., Hindson, R., Andrade, C., Freitas, R., Parish, R. and Bateman, M Tsunami sedimentation associated with the Lisbon earthquake of 1 November AD 1775: Boca do Rio, Algarve, Portugal. The Holocene 5: Minoura, K. and Nakaya, S Traces of tsunami preserved in intertidal lacustrine and marsh deposits: Some examples from northeast Japan. Journal of Geology 99: Nishimura, Y. and Miyaji, N Tsunami deposits from the 1993 southwest Hokkaido earthquake and the 1640 Komagatake eruption, northern Japan. Pure and Applied Geophysics 144: Tanavud Charlchai Patanakanog Boonrak Director
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September 12, 2011 Results of Airborne Monitoring Survey by MEXT in the Western Part of Fukushima Prefecture The results of the airborne monitoring survey by MEXT in Fukushima prefecture (announced on
Microsoft Word - mitomi_v06.doc
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The eastern foot of Fuji volcano, the Mikuriya area, was heavily damaged by fallout deposits of 1-3 m thickness. In Subashiri, which is the nearest vi
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Fig. 1 Location of the study area and its vegetation 1: Subalpine conifer forest 2: Pines pumila scrub, alpine heath and alpine desert 3: Betula ermanii forest, Alnus maximowiczii scrub and bare land 4:
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