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1 Annuals of Disas. Prev. Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., No. 48 A, ,000m M9.0

2 6cm ( 1,600km) ( 6,000km) 1900 Table , (1) ,000 (2) ,000(?) (3) 1498**41,000 (4) ,000 (5) ,000 (6) 1896** 22,000 (7) ,000 (8) ,000 (9) ,000 (10) ,300 (11) ,000 **: Table 2 Historical tsunami disasters ,915 37,063 38,938 4,924 10,779 5,614 5,395 2, NA 2 NA 300 NA 10 NA ,571 50,579 Table 1 Human casualties. Table , 1833, 1861, 1881, 1907, Fig. Fig Fig. 143, 123, 63

(11) 1976 8,000 **: Table 2 Historical tsunami disasters.

3 151, 61, km Fig. 1 Location of plate boundary, epicenter and aftershocks. M M9.0 M Fig. 2 Location of segments which generated 26 Dec and 28 March 2005 earthquakes and their historical last event. 12/26, 3/ M km3 8.9m 10km M ) M km 120km 12m 27km M ) Fig. http// 4,000m 720km 400m 200km Fig. 50 3, /10 5,6m 100 Fig. 3 Characteristics of earthquakes.

12/26, 3/28 200412268 M9.0 850km3 8.9m 10km 6 1861M8.3-8.51881 7.9)19417.5-8.5 200532811 M8.7 250km 120km 12m 27km 2 1907M7.

4 Fig. 4 Characteristics of main shocks on 26 Dec. Fig. 5 Chart of tsunami arrival time. 80km 15 Fig. 20km 48.9m m 1.5 Fig. 10m 80% 20% Photos m m Fig. 6 Longshore distribution of tsunami height around Ache, Indonesia.

9m 1896 30.5m 1.5 Fig. 10m 80% 20% Photos. 20 30m 4.

5 1% 2 (m) 10m Fig. 7 Death rate and tsunami height in tsunami disasters in Japan Figs.(a) (b)10m m 15.8m (2) Colo mbo Moratuwa Panadula South-West of Sri Lanka Island Jan. 04 Paiyangala Beru wala Ambalangoda Hikkaduwa Dodanduwa Galle Koggala Weligama Jan. 06 Jan m/s Photo. 1 Tsunami run-up height in Ache. Fig. 8(a) Longshore distribution of tsunami height around south and west coast in Sri Lanka. Lhoknga m Photo. 2 Damaged area due to 23.5m tsunami inundation in Ache. Fig. 8(b) Longshore distribution of tsunami height around south and east coast in Sri Lanka. Photo m

3 4.9 Jan. 06 Jan. 05 16m/s Photo. 1 Tsunami run-up height in Ache. Fig. 8(a) Longshore distribution of tsunami height around south and west coast in Sri Lanka.

6 2m Photo. 3 Trains destroyed by tsunami in Hikkaduwa in Sri Lanka. Photo. 4 Ship on a pier in Galle in Sri Lanka. Fig. 1/100 Hikkaduwa beach road 64m leaf tarnished washed train railway 188m Photo. 5 Destroyed ships in Sri Lanka. 188m 228m Fig. 9 Cross section from coast to railway at Hikkaduwa in Sri Lanka. Photo. 5m Photo. 2.5m Fig.10 10m

5 Destroyed ships in Sri Lanka. 188m 228m Fig.

7 , Khao Lak Observed Tsunami Height around Phuket Isl. Photo. 6 Tsunami attacking three stories concrete made hotel at Khao Lak, Tailand. Fig. 10 Longshore distribution of tsunami height around Phuket island, Tailand. 1) 2) 3) 4) Photo.6 m 1) ) 1907, 8 1

8 m 1, m 1m Fig.11 5m Tsunami Height in the south-east coast, Indea 3.2 m (3) 2.9 m (120) 3.4 m 3.1 m 4.0 m (14) m (200) 2.8 m (380) 4.4 m (750) 5.0 m (6000) 3.5 m Fig. 11 Longshore distribution of tsunami height around south-east coast in India. 3m DMSP 5. Fig CNN BBC ( ) // SEMS, QC, GIS (,, Fig. 12 Integrated tsunami disaster countermeasure systems.

11 Longshore distribution of tsunami height around south-east coast in India. 3m DMSP 5. Fig.

9 ) 2) 3) 4) ) 6) 7)

10 8) 9) 10) 62 7,882 11) ) pp

11 Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake of 26 December 2004 Yoshiaki KAWATA Synopsis Off the west coast of northern Sumatra, the M9.0 Sumatra-Andaman island earthquake occurred in December 26, The human damage including the missing was more than 233,000. This is the worst tsunami disasters in the world. The plate boundary earthquake with three segments generated gigantic tsunamis and hit Indonesia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka and others facing the Indian ocean. In the subduction zone, last earthquakes with about magnitude 8 are 1861, 1881 and 1941 respectively. In this time, three segments simultaneously broke so that we are much anxious about simultaneous occurrence of next Tokai, To-Nankai and Nankai earthquakes. The tsunami disaster had big impact to check tsunami countermeasures in Japan. Keywords: Off-Sumatra earthquake, Indian ocean tsunami disaster, tsunami disasters, Catastrophic disasters, Tsunami information systems

The plate boundary earthquake with three segments generated gigantic tsunamis and hit Indonesia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka and others facing the Indian ocean.

mm mm , ,000 Fig. 1 Locality map of the investigation area NE SW Fi

mm mm , ,000 Fig. 1 Locality map of the investigation area NE SW Fi 5 Report on the Landslide Disaster in the Upper Part of the Abukuma River, Fukushima Prefecture, Due to Heavy Rainfall in August 1998 By Takashi INOKUCHI National Research Institute for Earth Science and