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1 1 J.L. Tan, et al., Proc. Nat l. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 42003Christopher S. Chen, The Johns Hopkins University Box 11 Box 12 11

2 Å µm 5 25 nm Å 10 µm 0.5 µm ATP 67 ATP 5 Cecil Fox Photo Researchers. 1Shakti P. Kapur, Georgetown University Medical Center 2Mark S. Mooseker, Lewis G. Tilney J. Cell Biol. 67, Rockefeller University Press 3Kenneth C. Holmes 4 Keith R. Porter Photo Researchers 5Humberto FernandezMoran 6Roderick A. Capaldi 7Wolfgang Junge, Holger Lill, Siegfried Engelbrecht, University of Osnabrück, Germany

3 32 87 Box 31 1 D D Enterococcus faecium 2 2 DNA DNA Roberto Borea AP ppaba H 2 N COOH H 2 N SO 2 NH R PABA PABA R C O HN HC H C S C CH 3 CH 3 C N CH O COO 1940

4 b 846 Q Coxiella burnetii Listeria monocytogenes 968 1LDL a 1 Hsp70 A b 2 B TOM OMM TIM 23 3 C TIM 22 E IMM ψ D mthsp70 4 5a MPP 5b 847 a N A Hsp70 OMM TOM OMM 2 B IMM IMM TIM22 C IMM D IMM TIM Hsp60 b TOM TIM23 TIM22 btoshiya Endo, Hayashi Yamamoto, Masatoshi Esaki, J. Cell Science, vol. 116, #162003Company of Biologists, Ltd.

5 mrna AUG AUG mrna 1 2mRNA A mrna Avram Hershko Aaron Ciechanover Alexander Varshavsky proteasome 1260 ab a b c a b X 13 Å c 1 E1E2E H. Hölzl et al., J. Cell. Biol. 150, Wolfgang Baumeister Rockefeller University Press

6 142 M Alexy Khodjakov prometaphase Kid Kid 1433 a Celia Antonio, et al. Cell Vol Isabelle Vernos Cell Press

7 Ca 2 Ca 2 Ca 2 Ca 2 Ca Ca 2 p.484 Ca 2 camp Ca Ca 2 Ca 2 calcium-binding protein Ca 2 Ca Ca 2 IP 3 Ca 2 p.531 Ca 2 IP 3 Ca 2 Ca 2 Elizabeth A. Finch, George J. Augustine, Nature 396, , Macmillan Magazines Limited RyR 1 Ca Ca 2 IP 3 2 Ca 2 ryanodine receptorryr Ca RyR Ca 2 Ca 2 Ca calcium-induced calcium releasecicr Ca 2 Ca 2 Ca 2 SER Ca 2 SERCA 1524 Ca 2 Ca 2 1 Ca 2 2 Ca 2 3 Ca 2 4 M.J. Berridge, Nature 361, , Macmillan Magazines Limited 4

8 a phase-contrast microscope 186b DNARNA 1 2 a 1 interference microscope differential interference contrastdic 18 6c b c 186 abc DIC DIC M.I. Walker Photo Researchers, Inc. fluorescence microscope immunofluorescence 929a p.650 p DNA RNA Ca p.545 1

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