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1 a a a a y y ax q y ax q q y ax y ax a a

2 a q q y y a xp p q y a xp y a xp y a x p p y a xp q y x yaxp x y a xp q x p y q p x y a x p p p p x p

3 y a xp q y a x p q p p x p p q p q y a x xy xy a

4 a a y a x x y a a a y ax bxc y a xp q a b c pq y ax bxc y a xp q abc pq xp xp p y y a a a y ax bxc yx x y ax bxcy a xp q pq

5 ab c x n n n pqpq y ax bxc b

6 xy x x

7 y y

8 a x a

9 a x a x a

10 x

11 x y x x y x xx yx xa xb ab x y x xx a xb a b a

12 b b b b x ab x y xpxq y xpxq yaxpxq pq p q p

13 q a p qx y xpxq yxpxq a p q x p q x a a x p q p q x

14 x D b ac x y ax bxc D yax bxc a b c D yb ac abc D x D x D x y x x D b ac x

15 y x kx x k D x k y ax bx c ax bx c D D ax bx c a b c yx kx k x k

16 y x kxk x k D x D k D k yd D b ac b ac k k k k k y x x D k y x xd

17 k y x xd k y x xd k y x xd k y x xd k y x D k y x xd

18 k D y x kxk k xx y k y x kxk y xk k k kk k y x x y x yx kxk y x kk k k y x

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II II 16 16.0 2 1 15 x α 16 x n 1 17 (x α) 2 16.1 16.1.1 2 x P (x) P (x) = 3x 3 4x + 4 369 Q(x) = x 4 ax + b ( ) 1 P (x) x Q(x) x P (x) x P (x) x = a P (a) P (x) = x 3 7x + 4 P (2) = 2 3 7 2 + 4 = 8 14 +

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> > <., vs. > x 2 x y = ax 2 + bx + c y = 0 2 ax 2 + bx + c = 0 y = 0 x ( x ) y = ax 2 + bx + c D = b 2 4ac (1) D > 0 x (2) D = 0 x (3

> > <., vs. > x 2 x y = ax 2 + bx + c y = 0 2 ax 2 + bx + c = 0 y = 0 x ( x ) y = ax 2 + bx + c D = b 2 4ac (1) D > 0 x (2) D = 0 x (3 13 2 13.0 2 ( ) ( ) 2 13.1 ( ) ax 2 + bx + c > 0 ( a, b, c ) ( ) 275 > > 2 2 13.3 x 2 x y = ax 2 + bx + c y = 0 2 ax 2 + bx + c = 0 y = 0 x ( x ) y = ax 2 + bx + c D = b 2 4ac (1) D >

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ax 2 + bx + c = n 8 (n ) a n x n + a n 1 x n a 1 x + a 0 = 0 ( a n, a n 1,, a 1, a 0 a n 0) n n ( ) ( ) ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 4

ax 2 + bx + c = n 8 (n ) a n x n + a n 1 x n a 1 x + a 0 = 0 ( a n, a n 1,, a 1, a 0 a n 0) n n ( ) ( ) ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 4 20 20.0 ( ) 8 y = ax 2 + bx + c 443 ax 2 + bx + c = 0 20.1 20.1.1 n 8 (n ) a n x n + a n 1 x n 1 + + a 1 x + a 0 = 0 ( a n, a n 1,, a 1, a 0 a n 0) n n ( ) ( ) ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 444 ( a, b, c, d

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