78 TPP TPP 5 TPP CVM Contingent Valuation Method 6 TPP TPP 2 TPP 2 1 TPP TPP 4 06 P4 Pacific 4 EPA TPP 2 2

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1 2012 TPP 77 TPP 1 TPP 1 Trans-Pacific Partnership WTOWorld Trade Organization 2 TPP TPP 2 TPP 3 TPP 4 TPP TPP

2 78 TPP TPP 5 TPP CVM Contingent Valuation Method 6 TPP TPP 2 TPP 2 1 TPP TPP 4 06 P4 Pacific 4 EPA TPP 2 2

3 TPP 79 TPP TPP 3 TPP EU FTA TPP FTA EU FTA 2020 GDP FTA TPP FTA TPP

4 TPP TPP 3 3 TPP GTAP GTAP 2004 TPP 100 TPP GDP TPP EUEPA EPA EU FTA GDP GTAP 3 4

5 TPP 81 TPP FTA Copeland and Taylor x, y x by product z y 2 Px, Py z x 0 z 2 x, y x d, y d x s, y s x d x s 0 x x d x s 0 y 4 2 T T x, y, z 0 x, y, z T T T x, y, z =T x', y', z' 0 x, y, z, x', y', z' 0, 1 T x, y, z1 x', 1 y', 1 z' T x, y, z T

6 82 T 0, T 0, T x y z 0 T x, y, z V U I z Px, Py V Px, Py, I, z max x d, y d U xd, y d, z subject to I Pxx d, Pyy d z U Roy V Px, Py, I, x d z / Px V Px, Py, I, z / Py V Px, Py, I, z / I, yd V Px, Py, I, z / I 4.2 MB V Px, Py, I, z / z MB V Px, Py, I, z / I 4.3 Px, Py, max x d, y d, z Pxxs Pyy s z subject to T x s, y s, z GNP GNP Shepard

7 TPP 83 Px, Py, Px, Py, Px, Py, x s, y s, z Px Py 4.5 T x x s 2 Px, Py, 0 Px Px I z 4.7 Px x d x s Py y d y s x y terms of trade 4.9 d Px Px Py Py dpx dpy Px Py x 0 y dpx, dpy, dz, di d d z, d d 0

8 84 dv dv V Px dpx V Py dpy V I di V z dz 4.10 V/ I dv/ V I V Px / V I dpx V Py / V I dpy di V z / V I dz 4.11 V V/ I xd dpx y d dpy di MBdz 4.12 di di dpx dpy dz x s dpx y s dpy dz Px Py dv V/ I xs x d dpx y s y d dpy MB dz Px x s x d dpx Px y s y d dpy MB dz Px Px x s x d dpx Px x s x d dpy MB dz Px Py Py 4.12 Px x s x d dpx dpy Px Py MB dz dv/ V/ I gains-from-trade effect environmental effect 4 7 x s x d 0 x 4.9

9 TPP 85 d Px/Px Px/Px { dpx/px dpy/py } 0 { dpx/px dpy/py } 0 x s x d dpx dpy Px Py 0 x s x d 0 x d Px/Px Px/Px { dpx/px dpy/py } 0 { dpx/px dpy/py } 0 x s x d dpx dpy Px Py 0 MB 0 0 Copeland and Taylor, 2003 MB 0 dz z x x dz d Px/Py 0 x MB dz 0 x MB dz 0

10 TPP TPP x TPP MB dz TPP 5 TPP TPP TPP 3 TPP TPP

11 TPP 87 3 TPP TPP TPP TPP TPP

12 88 TPP 5 2 CVM TPP 9 TPP CVMContingent Valuation Method CVM 4 CVM A B CVM 5 CVM CVM

13 TPP CV CV TPP TPP Yes No No No WTP Willingness to Pay 6 WTP Haab and McConnell WTP Turnball TPP 5 1 tj j t j {tj j 1, 2,..., 9} No Fj tj 5 1 j 2 j 3 j 4 j 5 Fj Fj+1 Fj 7 j 3 j 2 j 5 j Fj fj No Fj fj Fj+1 Fj F0 0 f0 F No 0 j 8 t F8 1 WTP WTP 3 WTP

14 90 j tj Yes No No Fj , , , , , , j tj Yes No No Fj fj , , , , , , ELB WTP n tj fj 1 j ELB WTP 13,866 WTP n E UB WTP tj fj j E UB WTP 21, WTP No y y 1 7 E WTP 1 Fj 1 Fj 1tj 1 tj /2 5 1 j 0

15 TPP No F j ,000 5,000 10,000 30,000 50,000 50,000 E WTP 19,583 TPP WTP WTP WTP 13,866 51,842, ,841,172,000 21,728 51,842,000 1,126,422,976,000 19,583 51,842,000 1,015,221,886, TPP TPP 6 TPP

16 92 CVM TPP TPP TPP TPP TPP TPP TTP TPP CV

17 TPP The WTO contributes to protection and preservation of the environment through its objective of trade openness WTO Trade and Environment envir_e/envir_e.htm 2012/12/ CVM 6 7 Turnball distribution-free estimator Haab and McConell EPA pdf/ /siryou2.pdf pdf/ /siryou3.pdf pdf/ /siryou4.pdf TPP NewsSpiral TPP NewsSpiral TPP NewsSpiral TPP 12 TPP nikkei.com/article/dgxnasgc26012_w0a021c1ee2000/ http:// affrc.go.jp/publicity_report/press/files/nkk pdf http:// html

18 94 sakumotu/menseki/pdf/menseki_kouti_12.pdf magazine/02_02/02_02_03.pdf TPP SYNODOS JUARNAL Haab, T. C. and K. E. McConnell 2002 Valuing Environmental and Natural Resources: The Economics of Non-market Valuation. Edward Elgar. 20 Copeland, B. and M. S. Taylor 2003 Trade and the Environment: Theory and Evidence. Princeton University Press.

19 貿易と環境の費用便益分析 TPP 参加と農業の環境価値アペンディクス CV 調査で用いたスライド 95

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