Brandt, Willy

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2 Brandt, Willy

3 No. 12 Gomu ka, W adys aw 240km Curzon, George N. Earl 1919

4 = Eden, Anthony,. Sikorski, W adys aw

6 km 2 21 km 2 15

7 Stresemann, Gustav 17

9 107 former 21 peace conference peace settlement 22 Adenauer, Konrad Deutschland Vertrag

10 108 Bevin, Earnest Byrnes, James F. 25 CDU 139 SPD 131 SPD Schumacher, Kurt 1950 SPD CDU Bund der Vertriebenen SPD CDU

11 109 Wischniewski, Hans Jürgen, Schmidt, Helmut 1968 SPD PKWN 30 PKWN 1950 Zgorzelec 31 Görlitz Grothewohl, Otto 32

12 110 Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands Ulbricht, Walter SPD Wehner, Herbert KPD SPD SPD SPD

13 SPD SPD SPD SPD KPD SPD CDU SPD

14 sogenante

15 SPD-FDP

16 Sheel, Walter Bahr, Egon Grass,Günter Lenz, Siegfried Bismarck, Klaus von Stern Nannen, Henri

17 115 Deutschland, Deutschland Überalles

19 Moczar, Mieczys aw Spychalski, Marian Mickiewicz, Adam

20 % 20

23 Ma y Rocznik Statystyczny 1939,Warszawa, 1939, s.25. Polacy o bezpieczeństwie kraju po zjednoczeniu Niemiec i Rozpadzie ZSRR, Komunikat z badań, BS/133/111/95, Centrum Badania Opinii Spo ecznej(cbos), Warszawa,1995,s.1 Polacy o Związku Radzieckim i stosunkach Polsko-Radzieckich, Komunikat z badan, BS/103/37/90, CBOS, Warszawa, 1990, s.3. Bronislaw Kusnierz, Stalin and the Poles, London,1949. Alexander Demandt, Deutschlands Grenzen in der Geshichte, München, J.Pi sudski, Pisma Zbiorowe, Warszawa, 1937, t.v. s.175. E.L.Woodward and others, ed., Documents on British Foreign Policy , 1 st series, vol.ii, London, 1961, no.74. DBFP Public Record Office, British Cabinet Office Papers, CAB651/1,W.M.(39)31 st, 32 nd Conclusions. DBFP,1-XI, no.418.

24 122 Public Record Office, Brirish Foreign Office Papers FO FO371/26755/C7421/3226/55. FO371/26755/C7423/3226/ FO371/26757/C8602/3226/ FO371/34566/C3102/ 258/55;FO371/26758/C8958/3226/55, 12 FO371/26755/C8013/3226/ Archiwum Akt Nowych, MSZ, Wydzia Zachodni, 4493, 88/T. AAN 14 Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers, Washington,1941, vol.i. p.368. FRUS 15 FRUS, Cairo and Teheran, Washington, 196, p FO371/24362/C228/7/ FO371/10996/N3955/42/ Die Auswärtige Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Köln,1972, S.14. APBD 19 Heinrich von Siegler, Wiedervereiniung und Sicherheit Deutschlands, Eine dokumentärische Diskussionsgruntlage, Bonn-Wien-Zürich, 1958,S Dziennik Ustaw RP,1945,nr51, poz American Foreign Policy, Basic Documents, , New York,1971, p APBD, S APBD, S Protokolle des Deutschen Bundestages, I Wahlperiode, S , cited from Mieczys aw Tomala, Zachodnia Granica Polski po II Wojnie Swiatowej, Warszawa, 2000, s APBD, S APBD, S Jan M. Piskorski, Polacy i Niemcy, Czy przeszlosc musi być przeszkoda, Poznań, 2004, s Archiw MSZ, 28/76, W-8, D-IV-NRF , Formula uznania Granicy. 29 Mieczys aw Rakowski red., Polska pod Rzadami PZPR, Warszawa, s Ibid., s Ibid., s Ibid Walter Ulbricht, Die historische Mission der Sozialistishen Einheitspartei Deutschlands, Berlin, 1971,S Rakowski, op.cit., s Gazeta Wyborcza, 6XII2000.

25 Mieczys aw Tomala, op.cit., s Rakowski, op.cit., s Gazeta Wyborcza, 6XII C.Bradley Scharf, Politics and Change in East Germany, London, 1984, pp Tajne Dokumenty, PRL-ZSRR, , Londyn, 1998, dok.nr39, s.586. Tajne Dokumenty 42 Tajne Dokumenty,dok.nr45, s Tajne Dokumenty, dok.nr39, s.575, Tajne Dokumenty, dok.nr39, s Tajne Dokumenty, dok.nr42, s Tajne Dokumenty, dok.nr45, s Archiw MSZ,28/76,W-1,D-IV Dziennik Ustaw RP,1950, nr51, poz.466, art Dziennik Ustaw RP,1972,nr24, poz.168, art Archiw MSZ,28/76,W-1,D.IV-ONRF Notatka o rozmowach Kanzlera W.Brandt. 51 Der Spiegel, 20/2004, S Zycie Warszawie, 8XII1970; Trybuna Ludu, 8XII Rakowski, op.cit., s Tajne Dokumenty, dok.nr38, s Wprost, 16III2003, s Jerzy Eisler, Grudzien 1970, Warszawa, 2000, s Wprost, 16III2003, s Ibid. 59 Rakowski, op.cit., s Archiw MSZ, 28/79, W-1, D-IV , 28XI Wprost,21Wrze_nia2003, s Archiw MSZ,28/76, W-1, D.IV , 28XI Ibid

26 124 Dispute over demarcation between Poland and West Germany In relation to the Treaty of Normalization of 1970 Katsuhiko MATSUKAWA Abstract There is a photograph which was taken on the 7 th of December in 1970, during the visit of West German Kanzler Willy Brandt to Poland. In it he fell on the knees to the monument of Jewish Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Many people know this impressive, unforgettable and noble deed taken by the statesman. But few know this photograph was prohibited by the government to be published for the Polish people to see for more than ten years. Why did the Communist regime of Poland have to hide this photo? This paper discusses the reasons. Almost three years before the Brandt s visit, the Polish government began an anti-semitic campaign connected with the internal strife of comunists factions. This canpaign intended to avert people s attention from the failure of Socialist planned economy. The people s dissatisfaction came up to the surface when the Government gave an order prohibiting the performance of a play of Mickiewicz, a Jewish Polish poet and patriot of the era of Polish Division. Students of Warsaw University and Warsaw Politechnic strongly protested against the administration. The revolt of Dockyard workers followed their protest in a bigger scale at the port of Gdansk. A strong police mobilization was made to put down this workers protest. The memory of these incidents came back fresh to the people s mind when Brandt visited at Wsrsaw. Gomulka, the leader of the Polish Communist Party, was afraid of the revival of the same situation as two years before, when he got a report of Brandt s kneeling down before the monument. Gomulka s suspicion lay in the following question; to whom Brandt kneel down, to the Jewsh sacrificed by the Nazis in the war time, or to the Jews expelled from Poland three years ago by Communists? Gomulka saw danger here. So he ordered immediately not to make the photograph open to the public. Another reason for this order connected with the Communist propaganda, in which they drew up Western capitalists politicians as malicious, treacherous. If people should know the fact that one of Western politician took such a brave and virtuous act, what would the people think? Actually, Gomulka himself realized through conversations with Brandt, that his sincerity and integrity would never be found in socialist politicians. Gomulka wondered if he should admit to the people their propaganda was not to be trusted. Confronting the dilemma, he chose to hide the truth. It was not a solution to the problems he had been confronting. A few days after Brandt left Poland, Gomulka lost his position in the wake of the anti-gov-

27 125 ernment of Gdansk workers. Brandt s visit of Warsaw and his noble act loosened the foundation of the Communist regime of Poland. Keywords : Poland, Oder-Neisse border, Gomulka, Brandt s kneeling down, Polish-W.Germany relations

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