PeerPool IP NAT IP UPnP 2) Bonjour 3) PeerPool CPU 4) 2 UPnP Bonjour PeerPool CPU PeerPool PeerPool PPv2 PPv2 2. PeerPool 2.1 PeerPool PeerPool PoolGW

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1 PPv2: PeerPool PeerPool 3 PPv2(PeerPool version 2) PPv2: A Transparent Network Architecture for Naive Inter-Smart Environment Communication Michinobu Shimatani, 4 Yu Enokibori, 2 ismail Arai 3 and Nobuhiko Nishio 4 Smart environment which provide useful services for users by the cooperation of a lot of equipments arranged in a room. is being achieved. Furthermore,some challengers for collaborative systems between two or more organisations working on a joint project have been appeared. We have been developing PeerPool, a network tunneling technology optimised for smart spaces. However, PeerPool doesn t support broadcast and multicast communications,auto translation of payloads which have important data of communication, and its high CPU loads.to solve these problems,we designed and implemented PPv2 and confirmed it solved all problems with the realistic performances. 1. IP TV IP NAT PeerPool 1) PeerPool DNS PeerPool 1 Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University 2 Institute of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University 3 The Research Organization of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University 4 Department of Computer Science, Ritsumeikan University 1 c 2010 Information Processing Society of Japan

2 PeerPool IP NAT IP UPnP 2) Bonjour 3) PeerPool CPU 4) 2 UPnP Bonjour PeerPool CPU PeerPool PeerPool PPv2 PPv2 2. PeerPool 2.1 PeerPool PeerPool PoolGW DNS NAT PoolGW DNS PoolGW DNS DNS DNS PoolGW DNS PoolGW ( ) スマート環境 S 1 送信ノード A 1 3) 通信 C 1) 仮想ローカルノード化要求 2) 仮想ローカルノード化オーバーレイネットワーク PoolGW G 1 PoolGW G 2 スマート環境 S 2 受信ノード B 受信ノード C PeerPool ( C ) ( 1) PoolGW VPN PeerPool.pool Pool Pool PeerPool PoolGW DNS DNS DNS PeerPool 2.2 PeerPool PeerPool( PPv1) ( B/Mcast ) CPU 2 c 2010 Information Processing Society of Japan

3 PPv1 PoolGW IP IP IP Web UPnP Bonjour H.323 IP PPv1 PeerPool B/Mcast UPnP Bonjour PPv1 PeerPool PoolGW CPU PoolGW CPU 3. PPv2(PeerPool version 2) S 2 C S 1 A C IP A PoolGW G 1 IP IP iptables 5) iptables IP PoolGW 送信ノード A 提供するサービスの詳細 IP アドレス : /24 2 ペイロード変換処理提供するサービスの詳細 IP アドレス : 受信ノード B 受信ノード C /24 on/off PoolGW NAT IP 3.2 B/Mcast 2.2 ( 3) B/Mcast A,B A B 3 A B,C A B/Mcast S 2 B,C B C B/Mcast S 1 A D B/Mcast S 2 B,C D B,C D B,C VPLS(Virtual Private Lan Service) MAC B/Mcast VPLS VPLS PeerPool c 2010 Information Processing Society of Japan

4 仮想ローカルノード 4. PPv2 B 仮想ローカルノード化送信ノード A 1 送信ノード D C 3 オーバーレイネットワークオーバーレイネットワーク上のブロードキャスト B/Mcast 受信ノード B 受信ノード C ブロードキャスト IP over ユニキャスト MAC PoolGW CPU ( ) Java OpenVPN 30% 15% 22% 33% PPv1 PoolGW CPU CPU Java Jpcap 6) NAT PeerPool 3.1 PPv2 Jpcap iptables 4.1 ( TCP ) iptables. PoolGW 4.3 IP PoolGW API 4.2 B/Mcast PeerPool PoolGW, iptables 4.(a) Addr-A Addr-W A W Addr-A Addr-W Addr-A Addr-W Addr-A Addr-W A W B/Mcast PoolGW 4.(b) PoolGW PoolGW G 1 Addr-S 1 Addr-B x PoolGW PoolGW G 2 4 c 2010 Information Processing Society of Japan

5 Addr-A Addr-W'' NAT Addr-A' Addr-W' NAT Addr-A'' Addr-W OpenVPN Server A W F OpenVPN Client OpenVPN Client (a) 青字 : ブロードキャスト橙字 : マルチキャスト Addr-A'' Addr-S1 Addr-A' Addr-Bx Addr-A'' Addr-S2 NAT NAT Addr-A Addr-Mx Addr-A' Addr-Mx Addr-A'' Addr-Mx A W F A B C (b) B/Mcast 4 B/Mcast Addr-M x PoolGW B/Mcast B/Mcast IP MAC 4.3 ULOG iptables iptables iptables PeerPool iptables ULOG 7) ULOG ULOG ( ) PeerPool BASE-TX PoolGW G 1-G 2 5 OpenVPN L2VPN(UDP ) OS Ubuntu 8.04 CPU Intel Atom GHz RAM 1GB 5.2 Bonjour 5 A Bonjour G 1,G 2 B G 2 G 2 CPU B G 2 Bonjour netperf TCP AB 6 128kbps 50 Bonjour Bonjour 50Kbps 64Kbps ULOG 5 c 2010 Information Processing Society of Japan

6 6 (Mbps)/CPU (%) / (%) 100 CPU mdns ( ) mdns ( ) mdns (Kbps) mdns CPU 2 (s) ( ) CPU 128Kbps ULOG PoolGW 5.3 iptables iptables PoolGW 2 Bonjour H.323 iptables H H.323 (s) H.323 H.323 NetMeeting iptables 5 AC TCP UDP PoolGW G 1 AC 0, 10, 30, iptables TCP UDP FTP, TFTP, Amanda UPnP, Bonjour B/Mcast C Proxy ARP B/Mcast 6 c 2010 Information Processing Society of Japan

7 (%) iptables TCP(Mbps) UDP(Mbps) (Kbps) B/Mcast 5 A S 2 C Proxy ARP 0 C A G 2 1 C A G Kbps UPnP Bonjour 5.5 PeerPool PPv1 5 A B netperf TCP G 1,G 2 CPU 5 2( ) (1) 5 PPv1 PPv2 CPU G 1 / OpenVPN G 2 / OpenVPN PPv1 67%/15% 66%/15% 32Mbps PPv2 65%/40% 67%/41% 63Mbps CPU OpenVPN CPU PPv1 PPv2 PPv1 Java OpenVPN PPv2 PPv1 6. IP PeerPool B/Mcast 2 PPv2(PeerPool version 2) B/Mcast PPv2 PeerPool 1) PeerPool: DNS (ACS) 28, (2009). 2) : UPnP Forum, Online (2009). 3) : Bonjour, Online (2009). 4) VPN (2008-UBI-20),pp.9 14 ( ). 5) : IPTABLES (2009). iptables.8.html. 6) Fujii, K.: Jpcap- a Java library for capturing and sending network packets, Online (2007). 7 c 2010 Information Processing Society of Japan

8 7) : The Netfilter.org ulogd project, Online (2009). web-mirrors/netfilter/projects/ulogd/index.html. 8 c 2010 Information Processing Society of Japan

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Dual Stack Virtual Network Dual Stack Network RS DC Real Network 一般端末 GN NTM 端末 C NTM 端末 B IPv4 Private Network IPv4 Global Network NTM 端末 A NTM 端末 B root Android IPv4/ 1 1 2 1 NAT Network Address Translation IPv4 NTMobile Network Traversal with Mobility NTMobile Android 4.0 VPN API VpnService root VpnService IPv4 IPv4 VpnService NTMobile root IPv4/