70 1,000,000, 難培養性微生物の実体とは i : lag time lag 1 6,7 3 Methanosaeta 2 Methanosaeta ii 1 lag time 6
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1 Journal of Environmental Biotechnology Vol. 7, No. 2, 69 73, 2007 総説 ( 特集 ) 難培養微生物とは何か? What Are Uncultured Microbes? YOICHI KAMAGATA TEL: FAX: y.kamagata@aist.go.jp Research Institute of Genome-Based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido , Japan キーワード Key words: uncultured microbes, cultivation, cell-cell communication, syntrophy 難培養性微生物が認知されるまで S rrna 2. 多くの微生物は難培養性微生物である , S rrna DNA , , ,000, ,000, ,000,000,
2 70 1,000,000, 難培養性微生物の実体とは i : lag time lag 1 6,7 3 Methanosaeta 2 Methanosaeta ii 1 lag time 6
3 71 8 iii N- bacterial cytokine Resuscitation promoting factor Rpf iv oligotroph v Symbiobacterium thermophilum 9 Bacillus NH4 + 3 A Catellatibacterium nectariphililum B Sphingomonas 10,11 B A C D C G, F, I, J, K vi 3 in situ hybridization 12,13 2 Methanosaeta 3 A B
4 72 14 vii Buchnera viii PCR , ,000 PCR 再び難培養性微生物とは a b c 3 文 1) Whitman, W.B., D.C. Coleman, and W.J. Wiebe Prokaryotes: the unseen majority. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: ) Torsvik, V., J. Goksøyr, and F.L. Daae High diversity in DNA of soil bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56: ) Gans, J., M. Wolinsky, and J. Dunbar Computational improvements reveal great bacterial diversity and high metal toxicity in soil. Science 309: ) Bulloch, W ) Amann, R.I., W. Ludwig, K.H. Schleifer Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation. Microbiol. Rev. 59: ) Qiu, Y-L., Y. Sekiguchi, H. Imachi, Y. Kamagata, I-C. Tseng, S-S. Cheng, A. Ohashi, and H. Harada Identification and isolation of anaerobic, syntrophic p-phthalate isomersdegrading microbes from methanogenic sludges treating wastewater from terephthalate manufacturing. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: ) Sakai, S., H. Imachi, Y. Sekiguchi, A. Ohashi, H. Harada, and Y. Kamagata Isolation of key methanogens for global methane emission from rice paddy field: a novel isolate affiliated with a clone cluster, the Rice Cluster I. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: ) Tamaki, H., Y. Sekiguchi, S. Hanada, K. Nakamura, N. Nomura, M. Matsumura, and Y. Kamagata Comparative analysis of bacterial diversity in freshwater sediment of a shallow eutrophic lake as revealed by molecular and improved cultivation-based techniques. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: ) Ohno, M., H. Shiratori, M.J. Park, Y. Saitoh, Y. Kumon, N. Yamashita, A. Hirata, H. Nishida, K. Ueda, and T. Beppu Symbiobacterium thermophilum gen. nov., sp nov., a symbiotic thermophile that depends on co-culture with a Bacillus strain for growth. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50: ) Tanaka, Y., S. Hanada, A. Manome, T. Tsuchida, R. Kurane, K. Nakamura, and Y. Kamagata Catellatibacterium nectariphililum gen. nov., sp. nov., which requires a diffusible compound from a strain related to the genus Sphingomonas for vigorous growth. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54: ) Tanaka, Y., S. Hanada, H. Tamaki, K. Nakamura, and Y. Kamagata Isolation and identification of bacterial strains producing diffusible growth factor(s) for Catellibacterium nectariphilum strain AST4T. Microb. Environ. 20: ) Sekiguchi, Y., Y. Kamagata, K. Nakamura, A. Ohashi, and H. Harada Fluorescence in situ hybridization using 16S rrna targeted oligonucleotides reveals localization of methanogens and selected uncultured bacteria in mesophilic and thermophilic sludge granules. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: ) Imachi, H., Y. Sekiguchi, Y. Kamagata, A. Ohashi, and H. Harada Cultivation and in situ detection of a thermo- 献
5 73 philic bacterium capable of oxidizing propionate in syntrophic association with hydrogenotrophic methanogens in a thermophilic methanogenic granular sludge. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: ) Kamagata, Y., and H. Tamaki Cultivation of uncultured fastidious microorganisms. Microb. Environ. 20: ) Shigenobu, S., H. Watanabe, M. Hattori, Y. Sakaki, and H. Ishikawa Genome sequence of the endocellular bacterial symbiont of aphids Buchnera sp. APS. Nature 407: ) Shinzato, N., I. Watanabe, X-Y. Meng, Y. Sekiguchi, H. Tamaki, T. Matsui, and Y. Kamagata Phylogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization detection of archaeal and bacterial endosymbionts in the anaerobic ciliate Trimyema compressum. Microbial Ecol. (in press).
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