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1 Argonauta 5: 0-22 (2008) 2 community community assemblage 996 impson hannon-wiener H Jaccard Bray-Curtis C

2 Warwick-Clarke + * taxonomic distinctness index MD Jaccard Bray-Curtis TD 976 impson hannon-wiener H impson N N 2 i i ( i / N) ( i / N) = ( i / N) = i Pi Pi = i / N 5 = (5 / 5) = 5 = ( / 5) 5 = / 5

3 ' ni $! % " 0 & N # 2 ( = (! Pi = (! i= i= 2, ; i, i ; N, impson 0 0 impson 5 = ( / 5) = = ( / 0) 0 = ( / 0) = 0.9 impson 2 hannon-wiener Island Biogeography McArthur 960 I = log ( / P) = log P P e ( / 2) P = ( / 2) 0 0 P = / 2 P = 0 2 I P i / N log ( i/n) 2

4 s s ni ni H ' = "! Pi log 2 Pi = "! log 2 0 H N N i= i=, ; i, i ; N, hannon-wiener H 5 H = (5 / 5) log (5 / 5) = 0 5 H = ( / 5) log ( / 5) 5 = log 5 = 2.32 H i / N / 5 = 0 / 50 i / N H 0 5 H = (2 / 5) log (2 / 5) 5 = H = ( / 0) log ( / 0) 0 = log 0 = 3.32 H H H impson Warwick & Clarke 200 taxonomic distinctness i j ij i j 0 2 3

5 ij:, 2, 3, 4, 5 A B A C A D A B A C A D, 2, 3 diversity distinctness diversity diversity ij + average taxonomic distinctness for presence / absence data + (! ) " = ""! ij i j, + L 2 i= j= ij, i j ;, L, ( ) / 2 ij ij 2 L 2 3 * L L L = 3 3 * 3 i j ij n i n j n i i n j j ij n i n j ij i j n i n j * taxonomic distinctness for abundance data 4

6 #* =!!" ij! ni! nj!! ni! nj i j, * L i= j= i= j= ij, i j ; n i, i ; n j, j L, abundance number of individuals biomass Jaccard J = c a + b! c 0 J a, b, A, B ; c, A B 976 Odum MD Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index Field et al

7 A B n A n B n A n B 2 n A2 n B2 n A2 n B2 i n Ai n Bi n Ai n Bi n A n B n As n Bs NA NB i n Ai n Bi A n Bi = 0 i n Ai n Bi A B Bray-Curtis " nai! nbi i=! AB = N + N 0 AB A B n Ai, A i ; NA, A n Bi, NB ;, AB A B 0 0 i n Ai + i n Bi = NA + NB MD AB Bray-Curtis 0 Bray-Curtis Faith et al. 987 PCA Bray-Curtis MD Clarke 993 impson A NA B NB 6

8 A B i (n Ai / NA) (n Bi / NB) i {(n Ai / NA) (n Bi / NB)} = i (n Ai n Bi) / (NA NB) i= A B 3, 2, 3 2, 3, 5 ( ) / 0 0 = 38 / 00 = 0.38 ( A+ B) / 2 A = i (n Ai 2 / NA 2 ) B 0 ( A+ B) / 2 = {( 2 / 0) 2 + ( 3 / 0) 2 + ( 5 / 0) 2 } 2 / 2 = 38 / 00 = 0.38 C! = nain Bi i! A +! 2 2 = B A =!( nai N A ) N AN B 2 i=!!, 0 NA, A ; nai, A n ;, B 2 Izsak & Price 200 0,, 2, 3, 2 A, B min i TD taxonomic distance 7

9 TD = A Ai i= i= A B! min! +! min! + B B i 0 TD L min Ai, A i B A, B, A, B ; L, TD A B TD MD 0 taxonomic similarity s TD! s =! 0 s L! L, L 2 L = A B TD s = s Warwick & Clarke 200 hannon-wiener H 976 H H + * H H 8

10 hannon-wiener H * Warwick & Clarke 200 Warwick & Clarke H 3 H H H impson Izsak & Price 200 s Jaccard 0 all or nothing s smoothness s 2004 Ohgaki 2007a Clarke Primer v6 PCA MD H Bray-Curtis Excel 9

11 !"#$%&'()*+,&-./ >? GH : 6 ; <= 9 H * H H * H * H Ohgaki & Kosuge 2005 * s TD Jaccard J 20

12 MD MD Newsletter 999 PCA n n 2 MD tress 0.2 Bray-Curtis Jaccard J TD input 2 Transform: Presence/absence Resemblance: 7 Jaccard Transform: Presence/absence Resemblance: Gamma+ 2D tress: 0.02 O O 2D tress: 0.0 H 8 H 9 H 7 M 6 4 M 5 M 2 H 8 H 9 M M 3 H MD Jaccard J TD O, ; M, ; H, O M2-M6 H7-H9 PCA Ohgaki 2007b Jaccard TD PCA 3 2

13 H Clarke KR 993. Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Aust.J.Ecol. 8, Faith DP, Minchin PR, Belbin L 987. Compositional dissimilarity as a robust measure of ecological distance. Vegetatio 69, Field JG, Clarke KR, Warwick RM 982. A practical strategy for analysing mutispecies distribution patterns. Mar.Ecol.Prog.er. 8, Izsak C, Price ARG 200, Measuring -diversity using a taxonomic similarity index, and its relation to spatial scale. Mar.Biol.Prog.er. 25, Argonauta, Ohgaki, Kosuge T A circa-decadal change in the gastropod fauna on a tidal flat on an island mangrove estuary. Zool.ci. 22, Ohgaki 2007a. List of intertidal molluscan species around Tanabe Bay, Argonauta 4-9. Ohgaki 2007b. Molluscan assemblages along a bay coastline: gradients related to geographical distribution and feeding habits of species. Plankton & Benthos Res. 2, Warwick RM, Clarke KR 200. Practical measures of marine biodiversity based on relatedness of species. Ocean.Mar.Biol.Ann.Rev. 39, , 4. 22

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