2012センター報告第3号（収入無）

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ISSN 1884-0647 食資源センター報告第 3 号神戸大学大学院農学研究科附属食資源教育研究センター BULLETIN OF THE FOOD RESOURCES EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTER

1 ISSN 食資源センター報告第 3 号神戸大学大学院農学研究科附属食資源教育研究センター BULLETIN OF THE FOOD RESOURCES EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTER GRADUATE SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE, KOBE UNIVERSITY No 年 7 月兵庫県加西市鶉野町 July 2012 (Uzurano, Kasai, Hyogo, Japan)

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センターでの研究成果の一部が報道された朝日新聞神戸新聞 Ancient Farmers Started the First 'Green Revolution' - ScienceNOW AAAS.

ScienceInsider Premium Content from Science ACCESS RIGHTS MY ACCOUNT SIGN IN About Science News Home > News > ScienceNOW > June 2011 > Ancient Farmers Started the First 'Green Revolution'

point for agriculture in Asia: that's when plant breeders launched a "green revolution" in rice production, selecting NEXT ARTICLE ADVERTISEMENT ENLARGE IMAGE variants of a single gene that boosted

They apparently harnessed that same gene when they first domesticated rice as early as 10,000 years ago. The history of rice farming is very complex, but the basic facts are well established.

yza sativa, which descends from the wild ancestor Or

67 センターでの研究成果の一部が報道された朝日新聞神戸新聞 Ancient Farmers Started the First 'Green Revolution' - ScienceNOW AAAS.ORG FEEDBACK HELP 11/06/22 16:11 古代の人々が緑の革命を既に始めていたかもしれない米国科学アカデミー紀要に掲載 2011 年平成 23 年 6 月 7 日 Daily News Enter Search Term 朝日読売毎日神戸共同通信社などに掲載 ADVANCED LIBRARIANS ALERTS News Home ScienceNOW ScienceInsider Premium Content from Science ACCESS RIGHTS MY ACCOUNT SIGN IN About Science News Home > News > ScienceNOW > June 2011 > Ancient Farmers Started the First 'Green Revolution' ADVERTISEMENT Ancient Farmers Started the First 'Green Revolution' by Michael Balter on 7 June 2011, 4:05 PM Permanent Link 3 Comments Print More PREVIOUS ARTICLE The 1960s marked a turning point for agriculture in Asia: that's when plant breeders launched a "green revolution" in rice production, selecting NEXT ARTICLE ADVERTISEMENT ENLARGE IMAGE variants of a single gene that boosted yields across the continent. A new study finds that prehistoric farmers were revolutionaries, too. They apparently harnessed that same gene when they first domesticated rice as early as 10,000 years ago. The history of rice farming is very complex, but the basic facts are well established. All of today's domesticated rice belongs to the species Oryza sativa, which descends from the wild ancestor Oryza rufipogon. O. sativa has two major subspecies, japonica (short-grain rice grown mostly in Japan) and indica (long-grain rice grown mostly in India, Southeast Asia, and southern China). Been there, done that. The plant breeders who carried out the 1960s "green revolution" in rice production were following in the footsteps of prehistoric farmers. Credit: IRRI During the 1960s, plant breeders working in Asia greatly increased rice yields by selecting for mutations in a gene called semi-dwarf1 (SD1), 科学誌 Science の論評 2011 年平成 23 年 6月7日 which shrinks the length of the plant's stem. Dwarf plants require less energy and nutrients, raising the number of rice grains that can be harvested, and they are also less vulnerable to being knocked over by storms, which can decimate rice fields. To see what role SD1 might have played during the early domestication of rice, a team led by plant geneticist Makoto Matsuoka of Nagoya University in Japan examined the evolutionary history of mutations in this gene that could be associated with shorter stem length. The enzyme produced by SD1 is known to control a biochemical pathway that promotes growth in the stems and leaves of the rice plant, so the team measured the effects of different SD1 mutations by introducing genes with those mutations into bacteria and seeing how much enzyme was produced. Matsuoka and his colleagues identified an ancient mutation called SD1-EQ that was closely associated with shorter stem length. And while this mutation was found in japonica and to a lesser extent in indica varieties, it did not appear in the wild ancestor O. rufipogon. This suggested that SD1-EQ might have been selected for during the domestication of rice. For further evidence, the team looked at the variability of genes that lie adjacent to SD1 in the genome, in 16 ScienceNOW. ISSN

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ñ{ï 01-65 191252005.2 19 *1 *2 *3 19562000 45 10 10 Abstract A review of annual change in leading rice varieties for the 45 years between 1956 and 2000 in Japan yielded 10 leading varieties of non-glutinous lowland