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1
2 RATS ITS Flawfinder Splint Cqual RATS ITS Flawfinder Splint Cqual i
3 A. URL B ii
4 1. RATS HTML ITS FLAWFINDER HTML SPLINT CQUAL WEB-BASE CQUAL CQUAL PAM REQ_IQUERY() POP_MSG.C CURSES.C LOG_STD.C ALLOC.C FTPD.C iii
5 iv
6
7 CERT/CC ( ) 1 bind8.1 CA qpopper2.4 CA elm imapd3.6 CA apache1.1.3 /tmp 6 wu-ftpd2.6.0 CA (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) -2
8 5 1 RATS 2 ITS4 3 Flawfinder 4 Splint 5 Cqual 2. -3
9 grep ( ) RATSITS4Flawfinder RATS A RATSRough Auditing Tool for Security GPL 1 RATS CC++ PerlPHPPython 500 B RATS 4 (1) gets, strcpy, strcat, printf, sprintf, scanf, sscanf, fscanf, vfscanf, vsprintf, vscanf, vsscanf, streadd, strecpy, strtrns, getchar, fgetc, fgets, fprintf (2) access, creat, fopen, lstat, stat, open, mkdir, rmdir, mktemp, opendir 1 GNU General Public License Version2 GPL -4
10 (3)UNIX system, chroot, popen, getenv, syslog, getopt, getpass, getlogin, ttyname (4) drand48, erand48, initstate, random, seed48, setstate, srand, srandom C RATS 6 RATS RATS (.c.pl.py.php ) -5
11 RATS #include <stdio.h> void main(int argc, char **argv){ char buf[0]; int i; FILE *f; buf[0] = 0; for(i=2;i<argc;i++){ strcpy(buf, argv[i]); if(getenv("program_debug")){ fprintf(stderr, fmt, i, argv[i]); } } } DB <Vulnerability> <Name>strcpy</Name> <BOProblem> <SrcBufArg>2</SrcBufArg> <Severity>High</Severity> </BOProblem> </Vulnerability> <Vulnerability> <Name>strcat</Name> <BOProblem> <SrcBufArg>2</SrcBufArg> <Severity>High</Severity> </BOProblem> </Vulnerability> DB 1. RATS RATS -6
12 RATS 1 int printf; 2 int printf(); 3 int printf(test1); 4 int printf(test1, test2); printf 4 printf <Vulnerability> <Name>printf</Name> <FSProblem> <Arg>1</Arg> <Severity>High</Severity> </FSProblem> </Vulnerability> printf printf 4 3 printf -7
13 RATS RATS ITS4 RATS 1 strcpy(buf, test n ); 2 strcpy(buf, argv[1]); RATS strcpy 1 strcpy(buf, test n ); 2 strcpy(buf, argv[1]); 2 buf 1-8
14 XML 2 XML DOCTYPE <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE RATS []> C RATS C <VulnDB lang="c"> 2 <Vulnerability> </Vulnerability> <Name> </Name> <Severity> </Severity> <Info> </Info> <Description> </Description> <Arg> </Arg> <FormatArg> </FormatArg> <SrcBufArg> </SrcBufArg> URL <URL> </URL> <RaceCheck> </RaceCheck> <RaceUse> </RaceUse> <InputProblem> </InputProblem> <FSProblem> </FSProblem> <BOProblem> </BOProblem> -9
15 1 <Vulnerability> 2 <Name>strcpy</Name> 3 <BOProblem> 4 <SrcBufArg>2</SrcBufArg> 5 <Severity>High</Severity> 6 </BOProblem> 7 </Vulnerability> <BOProblem> 4 <Vulnerability> 5 HighMediumLow 3 RATS strcpy(buf, dst); strcpy(buf, dst); // rats:ignore rats: its4: ignore -10
16 /* rats:ignore */ strcpy(buf, dst); txt html xml 3 text 3 html 3. HTML -11
17 D RATS DARPA CHATS John Viega DARPA John Viega RATS ITS4 RATS ITS4 RATS Flowfinder E RATS RATS expat expat /usr/local/lib /usr/local/include RATS Configure expat F RATS RATS XML xml html RATS -12
18 C/C++ RATS G RATS C C++ Perl Python PHP CC Perl 33 Python 62 PHP
19 ITS4 A ITS4It's the software, stupid! Security Scanner C/C++ ITS4 Emacs 130 ITS4 B ITS4 (1) fgets, gets, bcopy, fgetc, fscanf, getc, getchar, getopt, getopt_long, getpass, memcpy, read, scanf, snprintf, sprintf, sscanf, strcat, strccpy, strcpy (2) access, acct, basename, catopen, chdir, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot (3) drand48, erand48, jrand48, lrand48, mrand48, nrand48, rand, random (4) fread, recvmsg, recvfrom, recv (5) fprintf, fwprintf, printf, vfwprintf, vwprintf, wprintf C ITS4 6 ITS4-14
20 ITS4 RATS ITS4 ITS4 RATS -15
21 #include <stdio.h> void main(int argc, char **argv){ char buf[0]; int i; FILE *f; buf[0] = 0; for(i=2;i<argc;i++){ strcpy(buf, argv[i]); if(getenv("program_debug")){ fprintf(stderr, fmt, i, argv[i]); } } } DB FUNC strcpy { desc = BO_HIGH, solution = "Use strncpy instead.", risk = VERY_RISKY, handler = H_STRCPY } FUNC streadd { desc = BO_MED, solution = "Make sure the dest param is 4x bigger than the src, minimum.", risk = RISKY } DB 4. ITS4 ITS4 RATS ITS4 1 int printf; 2 int printf(); 3 int printf( test1 ); printf 3 printf -16
22 FUNC printf { desc = FORMAT_DESC, solution = FORMAT_SOL, risk = LOW_RISK, handler = H_PRINTF } printf ITS4 ITS4 strcpy 1 strcpy(buf, test n ); 2 strcpy(buf, argv[1]); 2 buf 1-17
23 ITS4 Bugtraq 130 NO_RISK LOW_RISKMODERATE_RISK RISKY VERY_RISKY MOST_RISKY -18
24 FUNC { } 1 FUNC strcpy { 2 desc = BO_HIGH, 3 solution = "Use strncpy instead.", 4 risk = VERY_RISKY, 5 handler = H_STRCPY 6 } strcpy(buf, dst); strcpy(buf, dst); // its4:ignore its4: its4-19
25 ITS4 ignore /* its4:ignore */ strcpy(buf, dst); txt MS-Visual Studio 6 Microsoft Visual Studio ITS4 Emacs Microsoft Visual Studio Emacs ITS4.emacs ; A quick elisp hack piggybacking off compile mode so you can ; hit <enter> over an error to jump to the line in the source. ; Use "M-x its4-scan" to run. If its4 isn't in your path, change ; the value of its4-location to point to an absolute path. (setq its4-location "its4") (require 'compile) (defun its4-scan (args) (interactive "srun its4 with args: ") (compile (concat its4-location " " args)) ) -20
26 D ITS4 cigital ITS4 John Viega DARPA ITS4 John Viega RATS ITS4 ITS4 E ITS F ITS4 RAT RATS RATS IDE RATS RATS ITS4 MS Lib ITS4 G CC++ -21
27 Flawfinder A Flaswfinder Dr. David A. Wheeler GPL C/C Flawfinder Python Python Flawfinder Flawfinder gettext B Flawfinder (1) strcpy(), strcat(), gets(), sprintf(), scanf() (2) printf(), snprintf(), syslog() (3) access(), chown(), chgrp(), chmod(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), mktemp() (4) exec(), system(), popen() (5) random() -22
28 C Flawdinder Flawfinder C/C++ Flawfinder C/C++ Flawfinder Flawfinder Flawfinder Flawfinder -23
29 Flawfinder DB #include <stdio.h> void main(int argc, char **argv){ char buf[0]; int i; gets open FILE *f; getwd popen buf[0] = 0; jrand48 printf lcong48 random for(i=2;i<argc;i++){ lrand48 read strcpy(buf, argv[i]); lstrcat realpath if(getenv("program_debug")){ lstrcatn scanf fprintf(stderr, fmt, i, argv[i]); lstrcpy seed48 } lstrcpyn setstate } memcpy snprintf mktemp sprintf } mrand48 srand nrand48 srandom 5. Flawfinder Flawfinder Flawfinder Flawfinder ITS4 RATS readscanf -24
30 Flawfinder Python Flawfinder Flawfinder 130 strcpy(buf, dst); strcpy(buf, dst); // flawfinder:ignore flawfinder:rats:its4: ignore Ver.1.21 ignore /* flawfinder:ignore */ strcpy(buf, dst); -25
31 Flawfinder txt html 6 txt html html Web 6. HTML -26
32 D Flawfinder Dr. David A. Wheeler Dr. David A. Wheeler Secure Programming for Linux and Unix HOWTO Flawfinder RATS RATS Flawfinder ITS E Flawfinder Ver.1.5 Python F Flawfinder RATS ITS4 Flawfinder gettext Python C G CC++ -27
33 2.2. lint SplintCqual Splint A Splint Virginia GPL Splint C LCLint Splint Splint Splint Win32 OS/2 Linux RPM B Splint (1) null pointer (2) (3) (4) Dangling reference (5) (6) case (7) (8) (9) Splint lint -28
34 C Splint ISOANSIPOSIX Splint 3 Splint Splint Splint -29
35 Splint Splint Splint Splint Splint 3 null pointer null pointer Splint 1 char firstchar1 char *s) 2 { 3 return(*s); 4 } 5 char firstchar2 (/*@null@*/char *s) 6 { 7 if (s == NULL) return' 0'; 8 return(*s); 9 } */ NULL Splint Splint null 3 s NULL 9 8 s NULL Splint Splint Splint maxset maxread 2 b maxset(b) b char -30
36 buffer[maxsize] maxset(buffer) = MAXSIZE 1 maxread NULL strcpy 1 void char strcpy 2 */ /*@out@*/ /*@returned@*/ char *s1, char s2) 3 /*@modifies *sl@*/ 4 /*@requires maxset(sl) >= 5 /*@ensure maxread(s1) == maxread(s2)@*/ 4 require s1 s2 5 ensure s1 maxread s2 maxread s2 strncpy 1 void char strncpy 2 */ /*@out@*/ /*@returned@*/ char *s1, char s2, size_t n) 3 /*@modifies *sl@*/ 4 /*@requires maxset(sl) >= (n 1 5 /*@ensure maxread(s1) == maxread(s1) / maxread (s1) <= 1 void updateenv(char * str) 2 { 3 char * tmp; 4 tmp = getenv( MYENV ); 5 if(tmp!= NULL) 6 strcpy(str, tmp); 7 } 8 9 void updateenvsafe(char *str, size_t strsize) 10 maxset(str) >= strsize 1@ */ 11 { 12 char * tmp; 13 tmp = getenv( MYENV ); 14 if (tmp!= NULL) 15 { 16 strncpy(str, tmp, strsize 1); 17 str[strsize 1] = 0 ; 18 } 19 } test.c -31
37 bounds.c:6: Possible out-of-bounds store: strcpy(str, tmp) Unable to resolve constraint: requires test.c:6) >= maxread(getenv ( MYENV bounds.c:4) needed to satisfy precondition: requires bounds.c:6) >= bounds.c:6) derived from strcpy precondition: requires maxset(<parameter 1>) >= maxread(<parameter 2>) test.c 6 strcpy 2 1 Splint strcpy 16 strncpy str strsize-1 strncpy str Splint 5 Splint Splint Splint Splint /*@notfunction@*/ Splint #define MinValue 0 Splint /*@constant int MinValue;@*/ -32
38 #define MinValue 0 Splint MinValue int int MinValue Splint.mts 1 attribute taintedness 2 context reference char * 3 oneof untainted, tainted 4 annotations 5 tainted reference ==> tainted 6 untainted reference ==> untainted 7 transfers 8 tainted as untainted ==> error "Possibly tainted strage used where untaineted required" 9 merge 10 tainted + untainted ==> tainted 11 defaults 12 reference ==> tainted 13 literal ==> untainted 14 null ==> untainted 15 end taintedness taintedness char * 3 char * taintedness 3 2 tainted untainted 2 context char * taintedness 3 one of taintedness 2 untainted tainted 4 annotations 2 reference==> tainted taintedness tainted 7 transfer tainted untainted 9 merge -33
39 tainted+untainted tainted 11 default referenceliteralnull tainteduntaintedtainted Splint Splint Splint Splint char firstchar1 (char *s) { return(*s); } char firstchar2 (char *s) { if (s == NULL) return' 0'; return(*s); } firstchar1 firstchar2 char *s char *s Splint Finished checking --- no warnings s == NULL char firstchar1 char *s) { return(*s); } char firstchar2 (/*@null@*/ char *s) { if (s == NULL) return' 0'; return(*s); } 0 *s Splint null1.c: (in function firstchar1) null1.c:3:11: Dereference of possibly null pointer s: *s A possibly null pointer is dereferenced. Value is either the result of a function which may return null (in which case, code should check it is not null), or a global, parameter or structure field declared with the null qualifier. (Use -nullderef to inhibit warning) null1.c:1:35: Storage s may become null Finished checking code warning 7. Splint Splint txt -34
40 main D Splint Virginia Secure Programming Group David Evans David Larochelle Chris BarkerDavid FriedmanMike LanouetteHien Phan David Evans Splint NASA Langley Research Center NSF CAREER Award NSF CCLI Award MicroSoft David Larochelle USENIX student research grant Splint LCLint DEC System Research Center MIT Splint David Evans LCLint ARPA NSF DEC ERP David Evans Intel Foundation Fellowship E UNIX OS Windows OS/2 OS
41 F lint Splint G ANSI C C C++ -36
42 Cqual A Cqual California type qualifier C Cqual Cqual Emacs Cqual Program Analysis ModePAM PAM IDE B Cqual (1) (2) C Cqual C Cqual qualifier interface Cqual Web -37
43 Cqual Cqual Cqual K&R Cqual Cqual Cqual Cqual -38
44 $tainted char *getenv(const char *name); int printf($untainted const char *fmt,...); int main(void) { char *s, *t; s = getenv("ld_library_path"); t = s; printf(t); } main char *s char *t getenv *char printfs t Analyzed files: taint.c The following errors were detected: taint.c:9 type of actual argument 1 doesn't match type of formal unsatisfiable qualifier constraint $tainted <= $untainted partial order { $untainted [level = value, color = "pam-color-untainted", sign = neg] $tainted [level = value, color = "pam-color-tainted", sign = pos] $untainted < $tainted } 8. Cqual Cqual $tainted$untainted $tainted $untainted Cqual $tainted $untainted $untainted < $tainted -39
45 1 $tainted char *getenv(const char *name); 2 int printf($untainted const char *fmt,...); 3 4 int main(void) 5 { 6 char *s, *t; 7 s = getenv("ld_library_path"); 8 t = s; 9 printf(t); 10 } 1 getenv $tainted 2 printf 7 getenv $tainted 8 $tainted 9 2 Cqual Analyzed files: taint.c The following errors were detected: taint.c:9 type of actual argument 1 doesn't match type of formal unsatisfiable qualifier constraint $tainted <= $untainted
46 1 $untainted char *getenv(const char *name); 2 int printf($tainted const char *fmt,...); Cqual 12 9 printf $untainted ptintf $tainted Cqual Cqual Cqual K&R Cqual ANSI C K&R Cqual K&R ANSI GNU protoize protoize protoize Cqual Cqual -41
47 gcc -E Cqual Cqual Makefile.c.o: $(CC) -E $< remblanks > $*.ii perl remquals < $*.ii > $*.i $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $*.o $*.i mv -f $*.ii $*.i remblanksremquals Cqual bin Web Web Cqual CGI Web Cqual 9. Web-Base Cqual -42
48 Web sample const $tainted / $untainted$locked / $unlocked Web 10.Cqual Web Cqual IDE Program Analysis ModePAM Emacs Cqual Emacs M-x cqual -43
49 11.PAM PAM Emacs Cqual Web Emacs D Jeff FosterCalifornia Berkeley Cqual The Open Source Quality Project (OSQ) OSQ GPL Cqual GPL E Cqual 0.98 GPL Web Web Web ANSI C UNIX -44
50 PAM Emacs F Cqual Splint Splint Cqual Cqual G ANSI C C C++ -45
51 CERT/CC CPU Celeron 534MHz 128 KB 128 MB OS Red Hat Linux 6.2 kernel gcc Bind: Bind Internet Software Consortium(ISC) Bind8.1.1 Bind Bind iquery Buffer Overflow Bind iquery -46
52 memcpy() 13.req_iquery() qpopper: qpopper Qualcomm POP (Post Office Protocol) qpopper 2.4 qpopper Qpopper qpopper vsprintf() 14.pop_msg.c elm: elm linux mail elm elm setgid elm strcpy() -47
53 5 15.curses.c imap: imap (Internet Message Access Protocol) POP POP POP imap imap4.0 strcpy() 16.log_std.c apache: apache Web Apache1.1.3 Apache apache_status /tmp apache_status /etc/passwd /etc/passwd ( /tmp ) -48
54 17.alloc.c wu-ftpd: wu-ftpd FTP wu-ftpd2.6.0 setproctitle() vsprintf() 18.ftpd.c -49
55 Splint Cqual
56 RATS ITS4 Flawfinder Splint Cqual elm *2 *4 qpopper *3 *4 imap *4 apache *1 *4 bind *1 *1 *2 *4 wu-ftpd *5 *4 *1 *2 *3 *4 *5 sprintf strcpy -51
57 Cqual Splint time time user system swap RATS ITS4 Flawfinder Splint Cqual elm qpopper imap apache bind wu-ftpd RATS ITS4 Flawfinder Flawfinder Python RATS ITS4 Flawfinder Python Cqual Cqual -52
58 Splint Flawfinder RATS ITS4 Flawfinder Splint Cqual elm qpopper imap apache bind wu-ftpd txt txt RATS ITS4 Flawfinder Splint Cqual -53
59 RATS ITS4 Flawfinder Splint Cqual RATS RATS Splint Splint Cqual Flawfinder RATS ITS RATS RATS 3 RATS 2 RATS -54
60 ITS4 ITS4 5 ITS 1 ITS4 GPL Flawfinder Flawfinder Flawfinder Python Flawfinder Python Flawfinder Splint Splint -55
61 BIND Splint 5 Splint Splint Splint Cqual Cqual C Cqual K&R Cqual -56
62 4. Flawfinder ITS4 RATS ITS4 RATS RATS -57
63 [1] Sardonix Security Portal, [2] Gary McGraw, John Viega,, IBM, 2002, [3] NCSA Secure Programming Guidelines, NCSA Servers, [4] Source Code Scanners for Better Code, Linux Journal, 2002, [5] Secure UNIX Programming FAQ, 1999, [6] How to Write Secure Code, 2002, [7] John Viega, Gary McGraw, Building Secure Software [8] SecureSoftware Web Page, John Viega, McGraw, ITS4 A Static Vulnerability Scanner for C and C++ Code, Reliable Software Technologies, [10] Flawfinder Home Page, [11] David A. Wheeler, Flawfinder manual, [12] David A. Wheeler, Secure Programming for Linux and Unix HOWTO, 2002, [13] Splint Home Page, David Evans, David Larochelle, Improving Security Using Extensible Lightweight Static Analysis, IEEE Software, 2002, [15] David Larochellle, David Evans, Statically Detecting Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities, USENIX, 2001, -58
64 [16] David Evans, John Guttag, James Horning, Yang Meng Tan, LCLint: A Tool for Using Specifications to Check Code, Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, 1994, [17] CQUAL A tool for adding type qualifiers to C, [18] Web-Based Cqual, [19] Xiaolan Zhang, Antony Edwards, Trent Jaeger, Using CQUAL for Static Analysis of Authorization Hook Placement, 11 th USENIX, 2002, [20] Prelude, The Open Source Quality Project(OSQ), [21] Jeffrey S.Foster, Manuel Fähndrich, Alexander Aiken, A Theory of Type Qualifiers, PLDI 99, 1999, [22] Libparanoia Home Page, Jeffrey S.Foster, Alex Aiken, Checking Programmer-Specified Non-Aliasing, University of California, Berkeley, [23] Jeffrey S.Foster, Tachio Terauchi, Alex Aiken, Flow-Sensitive Type Qualifiers, PLDI 2002, 2001, -59
65 A. URL 1. RATS (Rough Auditing Tool for Security) Homepage ITS4 (It's the Software Stupid Source Scanner) Homepage Flawfinder Homepage Splint (LCLint) Homepage Cqual Homepage
66 B. 1. Sardonix Sardonix DARPA CHATS Sardonix Open Source Quality Project Cqual 3. Pscan printf printf -61
67 1. PARASOFT: CodeWizard CodeWizard : QAC QAC Reasoning: Illuma NULL 4. Gimpel Software: PC-lint/FlexLint PC-lint/FlexLint -62
68 -63
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