Changes in Surface configuration of skin caused by aging and application of cosmetics Three-dimensional analysis according to new system based on imag

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1 Changes in Surface configuration of skin caused by aging and application of cosmetics Three-dimensional analysis according to new system based on image analysis and Fourier transform- Syoji Hayashi, Kunio Mimura and Yasushi Nishijima The surface configuration of the skin characterized by surface furrows and rises is known to change with aging and skin condition. And there have heen many attempts to analyse the surface configration in order to evaluate the effect of skin care products. However the systems proposed up to now are insufficient to obtain three-dimensiomal informations. We developed a new system of analysis based on image analysis and the Fourier trans form so we can make a quick and quantitative analysis of the three-dimensional surface configuration of the skin, applying the new method to measure changes in the surface con figuration caused by aging and clarify the effects of cosmetic cream. As a result of measuring changes caused by aging, it was found that the furrows become less pronounced, the texture gets coarse and irregular, and the furrows become uniform in one direction as women from 20 through 60s grow in years. This findings are believed to correspond to the fact that the skin's metabolic and moisturizing functions deteriorate as a result of aging. By measuring changes in the surface configuration before and after application of the cream, it was found that the furrows become more conspicuous and the texture becomes finer in the surface configuration after the application of the cream. This is believed to be attributable to plumpness of the epidermal rise caused by the moisturizing effect of the cream. Cosmetics Laboratory, Kanebo Ltd.: Kotobuki-cho, Odawara 250, Japan.

2 Pig.-1 An outline of the method for measure ment and analysis. Fig.-2 Microscope photographs of replica. The left replica shows a fine texture and clear furrows and the right rep lica shows furrows that are uniform in one direction.

3 Fig.-3 An example of Sump image data fed into the image analyzer. (a) left and lower graphs show changes in gray level of the image of the portion of vertical and horizontal lines; (b) wire-frame graph showing changes in gray level of the image of the portion of the frame in (a). SURFACE ROUGHNESS TESTER TOKYO SEIMITSU SURFCOM IMAGE DATA Fig.-4 Comparison of the data from surface roughness tester and from new sys tem.

4 Fig.-5 Graphic presentation of g(x,y) in the case of Formura (3). (a) original data; (b) post-transform power spectrum. Fig.-6 The power spectrum of a Sump image (Example of the power spectrum without directional property). Fig.-7 The power spectrum of a sump image (Example of the power spectrum with directctional property).

6 Fig.- 11 Change in the surface roughness with aging. (a) Rt: total sum of power spectra (b) Ra: Mean surface roughness. Fig.- 12 Change in the surface texture with aging. (a) Ta: Average cycle (b) Average distance between the furrows.

7 Fig.-1 4 Change in the surface regularity with aging (Sm. CV: Coefficient of variation of a distance between the furrows).

8 Fig.-1 6 Surface roughness before and after the application of the cream. (a) Rt: total sum of power spectra; (b) Ra: Mean surface roughness. Fig.-17 Surface texture before and after the application of the cream. (a) Ta: Average cycle; (b) Sm: Average distance between the furrows.

9 Fig.-20 A typical example of the surface configuration before and after the use of the cream. Fig.-18 Anisotropy (Ani) before and after the application of the cream. Fig.-19 Regularity (Sm. CV) before and af ter the application of the cream.

11 treated dry skin as quantified by skin pro 1) Derek R. Highler, Vera O. Savoyka, John J. Oneill and John B. ward, A stereomicro scopic method for the determination of moisturizing efficacy in humans, J. Soc. Cosmet., 27, (1976) 2) R. Marks, Techniques for the evaluation of emollients and keratolytics, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 29, (1978) 3) S. Nicholls, C. S, King and R. Marks, Short term effects of emollients and a bath oil on the stratum corneum, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 29, (1978) 4) Thomas H. Cook, Profilometry of skin-a useful tool for the substantion of cosmetic efficacy, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 31, (1980) 5) Richard I. Murahata, Daniel M. Crowe and John R. Roheim, Evaluation of hydration state and surface defects in the stratum corneum, Comparison of computter analysis and visual appraisal of positive replicas of human skin, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 35, (1984) 6) S. Makki and P. Agache: Statisistical ana lysis and three-dimensional representation of the human skin surface, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 35, (1984) 7) T. H. Cook and T. J. Craft, Topographics of dry skin, non-dry skin and cosmetically filometry, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 36, (1985) 8) Udo Hoppe and Gerhard Sauermann, Quan titative analysis of the skin's surface by means of digital signal processing, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 36, (1985) 11) T. Ishida, N. Kashibuchi, K. Morita and S. Yuasa, Measurement of skin roughness by computerized surface tracing and appli cations in cosmetic efficacy substantiation, Cosmet. Toil., 94, (October 1979) 12) Udo Hoppe, Topologie der Hautoberflache, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 30, (1979) 13) Y. Nakayama, I. Horii, K. Kawasaki, J. Koyama, T. Suzuki, H. Kumagai, T. Oza

12 wa, T. Mitsui, S, Ohta, Stadies on various factors affecting the efficacies of skin care products by instrumental skin measurement and consumer preference testing, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. Japan, 20, (1986)

Table 1. Assumed performance of a water electrol ysis plant. Fig. 1. Structure of a proposed power generation system utilizing waste heat from factori

Table 1. Assumed performance of a water electrol ysis plant. Fig. 1. Structure of a proposed power generation system utilizing waste heat from factori Proposal and Characteristics Evaluation of a Power Generation System Utilizing Waste Heat from Factories for Load Leveling Pyong Sik Pak, Member, Takashi Arima, Non-member (Osaka University) In this paper,