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1 より効率的な HAZOP TRIZ を利用した設計変更への対応 氏 名古屋市工業研究所 小川清

2 CCoonntteennttss 目次 1. Back ground 背景 2. 効率的な実践のためにやってきたこと Symmetry on Guide words.(誘導語の対称性) 1文字表記 無逆別大小部類早遅前後 View point 視点 Using Figures/movies 動画 Design Principles 設計指針) 単位系の利用 One person (一人)HAZOP NML first 優先 Using TRIZ 3. Summary(まとめ)とReference 文献 and Thanks(謝辞)

3 BBaacckk GGrroouunndd(( 背景 )) " Embedded Study Group on local governmental testing institutes. 試験機関 (Technology/ Applications) " NMIRI develop and test TOPPERS/smallest set profile (real time operating system) and communication tools. " IPA/SEC Process Improvement WG( 改善作業 ) (Management/Kaizen) " Published 4 good process improvement navigation guides, best practices.

4 JJAAXXAA((jjaappaann aaeerroossppaaccee eexxpplloorraattiioonn aaggeennccyy )) aannaallyyssiiss mmeetthhoodd(( 方法 )) && pprroocceessss( 作業 ) 黄色に着目

5 過去の安全工学シンポジウム発表 " ETSS を利用した機能安全対応スキル判定と教育訓練, 小川清, 渡部謹二, 斉藤直希, 堀武司, 奥田篤, 水口大知, 吉岡律夫, 渡辺登, 2008 年 7 月 " 安全分析, 状態記述と形式手法に着目した安全教育とスキル, 堀武司, 小川清, 斉藤直希, 渡部謹二, 森川聡久, 服部博行,2009 年 7 月 " HAZOP 手法の展開, 小川清, 斉藤直希, 渡部謹二, 2010 年 7 月 " 安全関連系の設計のための HAZOP の展開, 小川清, 斉藤直希, 渡部謹二, 2011 年 7 月

6 HAZOP " Hazard and Operability Study IEC 61882: 2001 " Risk based safety analysis Using 11 Guide words " Cover unintended use and unexpected accident " Using real thing, design figure (Use Cases) or user manual, including stakeholder. " FTA, FMEA are popular IEC standard " ISO refer FTA and FMEA " Search another unexpected/unintended fault with FTA (fault tree analysis), FMEA (failure mode and effective analysis) " FTA is top down. FMEA is bottom up. HAZOP is both and can start from middle.

7 HAZOP 実践 " 分析対象 " 自動車 " エレベータ " 津波 " 原子力発電所 " 電気自動車 " 化学プラント " 化学プラントにおけるパイプ, 弁 " 電気回路における電流, 素子 " 通信における情報の流れ, 処理, " 分析参加者 300 名 ( 実作業, セミナを含む )

8 付録 11 物 ( もの ) 事 ( こと ) への適用例 本発表への期待, 資料 ( もの ), 発表 ( こと ), 成果への HAZOP の実施 人 : 主催者, 発表者, 参加者 物事 : 期待, 資料, 発表, 成果

9 Guide word(( 誘導語 ))

10 Knowledge about symmetry (( 対称 )) on guide words " 無 (no) is a opposite (symmetry) of existence " 逆 (reverse) is opposite(symmetry) direction " 量 (quantity)/ 質 (quality), 時間 (time), 順番 (order) " 困難 " 他 (other than) has no symetric " 質 using order of quantity, 単位系 " 類 (as well as): 質増大創造的, 同時

11 HAZOP の課題 " 効率的な勧め方 " 何をしているのか分からない参加者がいる " 終わり方 " 何ができたら終わればいいかの基準が分からない " As well as, other than に何を記述するといいか分からない

12 鍵 11 想定外をなくす " 1 つ見つけるだけでもいい " なるべくあり得ないことを想定すれば, ありえそうなことは網羅できる " 恥ずかしがることなく言ってみる " 言ったことは記録する " 間違いを含んでいても消さない " 間違いは, 誤操作の原因でもあるので, どういう間違いをする可能性があるかの貴重な資料 " まず 1 人で表を埋めてみる

13 鍵 22 利用者の参加 " 利用者の行動, 理解, 動作を分析する " 設計者は利用者の間違いを指摘するのではなく, どういう間違いをする可能性があるかを記録する " 利用者が分かるように現物, 動画, 写真, 図を用意する " 仕様書, 設計書, 利用説明書の不備が分かる " 社会的合意形成

14 鍵 33 表を埋めようとして みる " 違う対象の故障 不具合を思いつくかもしれない " 1 つ前または 1 つ後の作業の故障 不具合を思いつくかもしれない " もっと重要な視点 ( 単位 ) に気が付くかもしれない " 原因と結果を逆にかんがえているかもしれない " 測定できないかもしれない " 100 点を目指さない 50 点で十分 " LMN( 小大無 ) だけでもよい

15 OOnnee PPeerrssoonn(( 一人 )) HHAAZZOOPP You shouldn t hesitate. You may imagine what cannot happen( 不可能 ). No high technical skill for user view point( 利用者視点 ). Focus to unexpected and unintended use. Write down impossible( 不可能 ) matter using guidewords By experience( 経験 ) or by imagination( 妄想 ) Apply to objects( 物 ) before apply to things( 事 ). Describe initial conditions( 初期条件 ), boundary conditions( 境界条件 ), invariant( 不変条件 ). Using more than 3 design guide( 設計指針 ) Ending condition( 終了条件 ): time 時間 (ex. 1 or 2 hours) or find one new thing( 新奇 ). After OPH, group works should be taken.

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