hazop pptx
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- れいが あんさい
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1 Contents 目次 IEC HAZOPによる安全分析 1. Back ground 背景 2. 効率的な実践のためにやってきたこと Symmetry on Guide words.(誘導語の対称性) 名古屋市工業研究所 1文字表記 無逆別大小部類早遅前後 View point 視点 小 川 清 Using Figures/movies 動画 Design Principles 設計指針) 技術士 情報工学 博士((工学 単位系の利用 One person (一人)HAZOP NML first 優先 3. Summary(まとめ)とReference 文献 and Thanks(謝辞) JJAAXXAA((japan aerospace exploration agency )) analysis method(方法) & process 作業 Back Ground((背景)) Embedded Study Group on local governmental testing institutes. 試験機関(Technology/ Applications) NMIRI develop and test TOPPERS/smallest set profile (real time operating system) and communication tools. IPA/SEC Process Improvement WG 改善作 業) (Management/Kaizen) Published 4 good process improvement navigation guides, best practices. 安全工学シンポジウム((日本学術会議)) 黄色に着目 HAZOP 手法の展開,小川清, 斉藤直希, 渡部謹二, 2010 年7 月 安全関連系の設計のためのHAZOP の展開, 小川清 斉藤直希 渡部謹二, 2011 年7月 より効率的な HAZOP の実践 -TRIZ を利用した設計変更への対 応-, 小川清, 2012年7月 HAZOP ETSS を利用した機能安全対応スキル判定と教育訓練 小川清 渡部謹二 斉藤直希 堀武司 奥田篤 水口大知 吉岡律夫 渡辺登, 2008 年7 月 安全分析,状態記述と形式手法に着目した安全教育とスキル,堀 武司, 小川清, 斉藤直希, 渡部謹二, 森川聡久, 服部博行 2009 年7 月 Hazard and Operability Study IEC 61882: 2001 Risk based safety analysis Using 11 Guide words Cover unintended use and unexpected accident Using real thing, design figure (Use Cases) or user manual, including stakeholder. FTA, FMEA are popular IEC standard ISO refer FTA and FMEA Search another unexpected/unintended fault with FTA (fault tree analysis), FMEA (failure mode and effective analysis) FTA is top down. FMEA is bottom up. HAZOP is both and can start from middle. 1
2 分析対象 自動車 エレベータ 津波 原子力発電所 電気自動車 化学プラント HAZOP 実践 化学プラントにおけるパイプ, 弁 電気回路における電流, 素子 通信における情報の流れ, 処理, 分析参加者約 300 名 ( 実作業, セミナを含む ) 本発表への期待, 資料 ( もの ), 発表 ( こと ), 成果への HAZOP の実施 人 : 主催者, 発表者, 参加者 物事 : 期待, 資料, 発表, 成果 物 ( もの ) 事 ( こと ) への適用例 Guide word(( 誘導語 )) Knowledge about symmetry (( 対称 )) on guide words 無 (no) is a opposite (symmetry) of existence 逆 (reverse) is opposite(symmetry) direction 量 (quantity)/ 質 (quality), 時間 (time), 順番 (order) 困難 他 (other than) has no symetric 質 using order of quantity, 単位系 類 (as well as): 質増大創造的, 同時 HAZOP の課題 鍵 11 想定外をなくす 効率的な勧め方 何をしているのか分からない参加者がいる 終わり方 何ができたら終わればいいかの基準が分からない As well as, other than に何を記述するといいか分からない 1 つ見つけるだけでもいい なるべくあり得ないことを想定すれば, ありえそうなことは網羅できる 恥ずかしがることなく言ってみる 言ったことは記録する 間違いを含んでいても消さない 間違いは, 誤操作の原因でもあるので, どういう間違いをする可能性があるかの貴重な資料 まず 1 人で表を埋めてみる 2
3 鍵 22 利用者の参加 鍵 33 現物, 映像, 図を利用 利用者の行動, 理解, 動作を分析する 設計者は利用者の間違いを指摘するのではなく, どういう間違いをする可能性があるかを記録する 利用者が分かるように現物, 動画, 写真, 図を用意する 仕様書, 設計書, 利用説明書の不備が分かる 社会的合意形成 現地現物 ( その大きさだから言えること, その形だから言えること ) 限られた時間でできること 設計はまず図にする 利用者が参加するときは利用事例 (use case) 図 基本設計は状態遷移図 (state chart) を書く 順番は時系列図 (sequence chart) を書く 時間は刻時図 (timing chart) を書く 演習表を埋めてみる 違う対象の故障 不具合を思いつくかもしれない 1つ前または1つ後の作業の故障 不具合を思いつくかもしれない もっと重要な視点 ( 単位 ) に気が付くかもしれない 原因と結果を逆にかんがえているかもしれない 測定できないかもしれない 100 点を目指さない 50 点で十分 LMN( 小大無 ) だけでもよい OOnnee PPeerrssoonn(( 一人 )) HHAAZZOOPP You shouldn t hesitate. You may imagine what cannot happen( 不可能 ). No high technical skill for user view point( 利用者視点 ). Focus to unexpected and unintended use. Write down impossible( 不可能 ) matter using guidewords By experience( 経験 ) or by imagination( 妄想 ) Apply to objects( 物 ) before apply to things( 事 ). Describe initial conditions( 初期条件 ), boundary conditions( 境界条件 ), invariant( 不変条件 ). Using more than 3 design guide( 設計指針 ) Ending condition( 終了条件 ): time 時間 (ex. 1 or 2 hours) or find one new thing( 新奇 ). After OPH, group works should be taken. 進め方 想定外に絞って, 一人 HAZOP(10 分から 20 分 ) 3 人で集まり班作業 ( 三人よれば文殊の知恵, 少ない人から発表 ) 複数の班の相互発表 違う対象, 違う部位 ( 部品 ) について一人 HAZOP(10 分から 20 分 ) 以下同じで合計 3 回繰り返す 1 回が 1 時間から 2 時間 合計 3 時間から 6 時間 毎回新しいやり形 ( 図や映像の利用 ), 新しい知見が出て来る Design against Sanriku Heisei TSUNAMI ( 三陸平成津波 ) & Nuclear Power Station ( 原子力発電 ) accident protection( 事故防御 ) Using movie on YouTube(the link is below) Collect new unintended accident and prevention actions Using One person HAZOP before group works HAZOP information English; 日本語 : はぞっぷ )/ Information for Tsunami and Nuclear station acccidents English: Gambarou_Fukushima_and_Sanriku/ 日本語 : 3
4 Fact(事実) and view points 視点 Exercize(実践) HAZOP work sheet 作業表 Basic parts for signal of TSUNAMI You Imagine what should not happen using guideword no. For example, the signal of TSUNAMI. Write down it at deviation column. 1 guide word may yield 2 more deviations. 1 deviation may be based on 2 more causes No delete if it is misunderstanding. Misunderstandings are important aspect of operation hazard. View point(視点)2: A is a subst(部分集合) of B Green(緑) is A Mis-understanding(誤解) I am correct 正, you are wrong 誤. Lesson(お題) HAZOP work sheet for Nuclear station accident Constraints 制約 Physical(物理) constraints Social 社会) constraints Personal(個人) constraint View Point(視点)1: B is a subset 部分集合 of A, Green(緑) is B Intended use(利用意図) and unintended use 想定外 Deviation(逸脱) Reward(言換) 大小(more-less) 太細(fat-thin) 長短 (long-short) 高低(high-low),強弱 (strong-weak), 硬柔(hard-soft) Unit(単位) Non(無): No Existence of the Material, Item ore current. More(大): More Materials, Items or currents. Less(小):More Materials, Items or currents. NML first 60 items contain 20 rules, rule first 60 items contain 6 rules. Benefit(利 : There are same result about deviations or actions. It will be recognized during NML first works. Principles for design(設計指針) NML first((優先)) Prepare Design document, User manual or actual thing for understanding by children about 10 years old people. seconds per 10 items. Average is seconds per items 4
5 考察 20 人 1 時間の例 ( 初心者 ) Other than が何にすればよいか Unit ( 単位 ) 質を何に考えればよいか 図に時間の概念が入っていないと早遅前後が少ない 前後と時間の早い遅いの関係がわかりにくい 大は出るが小がでない 前は出るが後が出ないなど非対称になることがある TRIZ の利用 TRIZ 利用の知見 発明的問題解決理論 ロシア語の Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch (Теория решения изобретательских задач) 頭字語 40 の発明原理 空間 : 1 分割, 3 局所性質. 4 非対称.7 入れ子 時間 : 分割, 入れ子, 9 先取り反作用, 10 先取り作用, 15 ダイナミック性, 9 周期的作用 条件 : 13 逆発想, 28 機械的システム代替, 5 パラメータ利用. 6 相変化 HAZOPで文書化していない知見の伝搬が可能 経験のある技術者の知見の伝搬 機密事項を口走る可能性がある ( 機密保持契約は必須 ) 特許提案を思いつく副産物 時空変換の利用 効率的な進め方 まとめ 制御系では, 時間領域の問題を空間領域で解を求める 空間領域の解で, 一度 HAZOP を実施する 時間領域の解で, もう一度 HAZOP を実施する 想定外に絞って, 一人 HAZOPをする 時間を区切って, 一人作業と班作業を繰り返す 構想, 設計, 製造で3 回は行う 終わり方 初期の段階は時間で終わる 一つでも初見の事象があれば終わる 発見できる事象が逓減したら一つの段階を終わる As well as, other than に何を記述するといいか分からない 単位系に着目 設計指針に着目 TRIZ の利用 5
6 Questions for future(将来) Reference((文献)) Unresolved Issues Safeware, Nancy,翔永社, 2009 HAZOP and HAZAN, Trevor A. Kletz,1983 5ゲン主義入門,古畑 友三,日科技連出版社,1996 Estimation of work load 稼働評価 4M5E Support transition state(過渡状態), translation FMEA,FTA実施法,鈴木順二郎,日科技連,1982 なぜなぜ分析徹底活用術,小倉仁志,JIPMソリューション, 1997 MISRA-C解説書,SESSAME/MISRA-C研究会日本規格協会,2004/2006 RTL設計スタイルガイド Verilog-HDL編 VHDL編, STARC, 2003/2006 組込みシステム開発事例集,産業技術連携推進会議情報電子部会組込み技術研 究会,工業調査会, 2006 プロセス改善ナビゲーションガイドベストプラクティス編,IPA/SEC, オーム社,2008 デジタル設計工学の基礎の検討,小川清,第6回ディペンダブルシステムシンポジ ウム,産業技術総合研究所システム検証研究センター,2009 Combination of method Model based verification and proof(証明) 設計審査(Design Review) 故障,安全分析 FMEA,FTA) 何故 何故分析,4M5E Model description MATLAB, UML, XML mathematical verification(z, VDM, SPIN, Event-B, UPPAAL, Alloy, CSP, Coq) リスク管理は加減0になるように運営 Special Thanks 謝辞 Thesaurus((類語辞書)) Japan Function safety(日本機能安全), inc. Naogya University 名古屋大学, AIST(産総研), Hokkaido iri(北海道立工業研究所), Witz inc. Tokai Soft co.ltd., SunnyGiken inc. and other Automotive digital platform project members is-a, a-is relation has-a relation use-a relation using as Use Case Co-work with 7ws inc. Concept 概念 of object(物), action 行動 Reword(言換) More than 300 people joined HAZOP workshop. Full spell of abbreviation(略号) Synonym(同義語) Japanese Native words(大和言葉) Chinese words(漢語) other imported words(カタカナ語) Photo: Canon EOS Kiss X2 by O.M. Zigzag(試行錯誤) on HAZOP un organized practices Chinese Character for Guide words(漢字誘導語) with Symmetry(対称性) as 無逆別大小部類早遅前後 One person (一人)HAZOP focus to 宣伝第10回クリティカルソフトウェアワークショップ 10th Workshop on Critical Software System(10thWOCS2 ) unintended accident(想定外) JAXA (japan aerospace exploration agency) and IPA (information processing agency) are hosted. 9/27 Key Notes and Invited Talk JAXA 副理事長 樋口 清司 産総研 知能システム研究部門 部門長 比留川 博久 ダイムラーAG Functional Safety Senior Manager Dr. Juergen Schwarz Introduction of the functional safety standard ISO into automotive SW-enginieering (at Daimler AG) CMU / SEI Dr. Mike Konrad ノルウェー科学技術大学 Dr. Cecilia Haskins NML first 優先 3 Design principles, with actual thing & field, Design figure, Movie/Photo 設計資料 ) Making Thesaurus(類語辞書) for analysis and design with stakeholders including multi points of view. Put colors(色) for lines of HAZOP work sheets 作業表 9/28 Oral session (12 Speakers will be nominated) 6
HAZOP_TRIZ.pptx
より効率的な HAZOP TRIZ を利用した設計変更への対応 氏 名古屋市工業研究所 小川清 CCoonntteennttss 目次 1. Back ground 背景 2. 効率的な実践のためにやってきたこと Symmetry on Guide words.(誘導語の対称性) 1文字表記 無逆別大小部類早遅前後 View point 視点 Using Figures/movies 動画 Design
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