26 (1), Available online at 原著論文 圃場における無線センサネットワークのための 920 MHz 帯電波伝搬特性評価 * C C3-
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1 26 (1), Available online at 原著論文 圃場における無線センサネットワークのための 920 MHz 帯電波伝搬特性評価 * C C 要旨 WSN: Wireless Sensor Network RSSI: Received Signal Strength Indicator RSSI WSN 920 MHz 3 RSSI RSSI RSSI RSSI キーワード 920 MHzRSSI はじめに WSN: Wireless Sensor Network IoT Internet of Things Borges et al WSN Ivanov et al WSN * Corresponding Author moribe@katayama.nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp RSSI: Received Signal Strength Indicator RSSI RSSI WSN Hu et al WSN Turkka and Renfos 2008, Seidel and Rappaport
2 920 MHz 2016 RSSI Hara et al WSN RSSI RSSI RSSI MHz RSSI 測定環境 1 1 ISM Industry Science Medical 920 MHz 920 MHz ISM MHz MHz CRESSON-MD920 GAF- 121XSAXX 1 1 PC PC Raspberry Pi model B+ 1 圃場内での電波伝搬特性 WSN RSSI RSSI RSSI 図 1 東郷フィールド 2
3 26 (1), 2017 図 2 送受信機の構成 表 1 測定諸元 ARIB STD-T108 Ver MHz 13 dbm 2-GFSK 100 kbps 3 /packet 256 byte 測定条件 3 3 a b a c 3 m 3- a 1.7 m 3.1 m 1.7 m 3.1 m 3
4 920 MHz 表 2 測定時の気象条件 C 51.9 % 6 m/s C 50.4 % 1 m/s C 70.5 % C 38.3 % 2 m/s 図 3 圃場内の測定環境 図 4 測定エリアと測定ポイント 3- b 3- c cm MHz 15 cm 1 5 RSSI 図 5 圃場内の RSSI 距離減衰特性 ( アンテナ高 1.7 m) 測定結果 1.7 m RSSI m 6 RSSI 5 6 R 2 RSSI NLOS: Non 4
5 26 (1), 2017 図 6 圃場内の RSSI 距離減衰特性 ( アンテナ高 3.1 m) 図 7 ビニールハウス内の測定環境 表 3 圃場内における RSSI の標準偏差 m σ point db σ area db σ area σ point σ area σ point σ area Line of Sight m m 3.1 m RSSI 3 σ point RSSI σ area RSSI m σ point σ area 3 m σ point ビニールハウス内での電波伝搬特性 測定条件 1.7 m RSSI 1 RSSI m 27 m 27.7 m 0.1 m 1.7 m 2.4 m RSSI 5
6 圃場における無線センサネットワークのための 920 MHz 帯電波伝搬特性評価 図8 ビニールハウス内の様子 見られないことが考えられる そこで一般的に RSSI の減 値と標準偏差を表 4 に示す また 測定エリアの番号は図 衰が大きくなるような 0.1 m のアンテナ高で測定を行うこ 7 中の番号と対応している σpoint は表 3 に比べ小さい値と とで 電波伝搬特性評価を容易にすることを狙いとする なった これは 圃場内での測定では主に風によって作物 1.7 m では作物の背丈と同じ高さにするためである 2.4 m が揺れることが RSSI の時間変動につながったと考えられ はビニールハウス内で設置可能である高さの上限となって るが ビニールハウス内では風が遮られるため 環境変動 いる が小さくなり RSSI の時間変動が小さくなったと考えら れる また アンテナを地表面に近い位置に設置している 測定結果 それぞれの送信アンテナ設置位置における RSSI の平均 6 測定エリア においては 標準偏差 σarea は比較的 大きい値となった これは アンテナ設置位置が地面に近
7 26 (1), 2017 表 4 ビニールハウス内における RSSI の測定結果とその標準偏差 m RSSI dbm σ point db σ area db RSSI σ area 基地局 - 圃場間での電波伝搬特性 RSSI 測定条件 9 9 Google MAP 9 10% 10% 20% 20% 1 10 RSSI m 1.7 m 図 9 基地局 - 圃場間通信の測定環境 測定結果 RSSI σ point 9 10 σ point RSSI R
8 920 MHz 表 5 基地局 - 圃場間における RSSI の測定結果とその標準偏差 m RSSI dbm σ point db σ area db 図 10 基地局 - 圃場間の RSSI 距離減衰特性 σ area σ area RSSI 2 9 σ area 図 11 フレネルゾーン内の地面の割合による測定エリア内の標準偏差 σ area の特性 σ area 考察 8
9 26 (1), 2017 RSSI RSSI σ area RSSI 3.1 m 70 m σ area σ area WSN むすび WSN 920 MHz RSSI 3.9 RSSI RSSI RSSI RSSI WSN 謝辞 引用文献 Borges, M. L., F. J. Velez and A. S. Lebres (2014) Survey on the characterization and classification of wireless sensor network applications, IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., 16(4): Hara, M., H. Shimasaki, Y. Kado and M. Ichida (2016) Effect of Vegetation Growth on Radio Wave Propagation in 920-MHz Band, IEICE Trans. Commun., 99(1): Hu, W., T. D. Le, P. Corke and S. Jha (2010) Outdoor sensornet design and deployment: Experiences from a sugar farm, IEEE Pervasive Computing, 11(2): Ivanov, S., K. Bhargava and W. Donnelly (2015) Precision farming: Sensor analytics, IEEE Intell. Syst., 30(4): (132): MHz 115(390): Seidel, Y. S. and T. S. Rappaport (1992) 914 MHz path loss prediction models for indoor wireless communications in multifloored buildings, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 40(2): (5): Turkka J. and M. Renfors (2008) Path loss measurements for a non-lineof-sight mobile-to-mobile environment, International Conference on ITS Telecommunications,
10 920 MHz Agricultural Information Research 26(1) Evaluation of 920 MHz Radio Wave Propagation Characteristics for Wireless Sensor Networks in a Farm Tomoya Moribe* 1), Hiraku Okada 2), Kentaro Kobayashi 2) and Masaaki Katayama 2) 1) Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya , Japan 2) Institute of Materials and System for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya , Japan Abstract To implement reliable wireless sensor networks suitable for use in smart agriculture, it is important to understand the radio propagation characteristics in the farm environment. In a farm field, crops and structures such as glasshouses or vinyl houses that lie between transmitter and receiver nodes affect radio wave propagation. Owing to multipath effects that arise from reflections of radio waves from crops, the ground, and other obstacles, slight differences among the node positions can affect the received signal strength indicator (RSSI). In addition, crops that are shaken by the wind introduce temporal variation into RSSI. In this paper, we measured RSSI based on radio propagation characteristics in the 920 MHz band, which is used in the Wi-SUN standard for smart agriculture, in a farm field, inside a vinyl house, and between the base station and farm fields, and evaluated signal attenuation as a function of distance and the variability of RSSI by analyzing signal data. We measured the decay characteristics of the signal in a farm where crops and other obstacles exist along the radio wave s propagation path. In addition, we characterized the variation of RSSI in a farm, where obstacles exist near the transmitter or receiver nodes and crops exist along the radio wave s propagation path. Keywords wireless sensor network, 920 MHz, radio propagation, RSSI, farm field * Corresponding Author moribe@katayama.nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp 10
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