(Digital Watermark)
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- とき いのら
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1 G01P095-6
2 (Digital Watermark) DCT DCT( )
3
4 DCT( )
5 5.1 PSNR
6 1 1.1 (Digital Watermark) [1][2] 3 acuagraphy( )[3] [4] DCT( ) DCT
![3 acuagraphy( )[3]](/docs-images/49/20194555/images/page_6.jpg "[4] DCT( ) DCT 1.")
7 2 3 DCT DCT
8 2 [5] 2.1 (Digital Watermark)
9 2.1: (invisible digital watermark) 9
10 2.2: 2.3: 2. (visible digital watermark)
11 2.1.4 ID ID 3 ID ( 1 ) ( ) 8 (0 255)
12 2.2.2 (pixel) R( ) G( ) B( ) 3 YIQ Y( ) 2 Cb( ) Cr( ) YCbCr RGB 3 1 Y RGB YIQ Y=0.299R+0.587G+0.114B I=0.596R-0.274G-0.322B Q=0.211R-0.523G+0.312B Y R,G,B I,Q YCbCr Y=0.299R+0.587G+0.114B Cb=-0.299R-0.331G-0.500B Cr=0.500R-0.419G+0.081B Y Cb,Cr FFT( 12
13 ) DCT( ) 2.4: 2.5:
14 3 DCT DCT( ) DCT JPEG(Joint Photographic Experts Group) JPEG JPEG DCT( ) DCT DCT 3.1 DCT( ) (Discrete Cosine Transform DCT) 3.1: DCT( ) 8 8 P (m, n)m, n = 0, 1,, 7 P (m, n) S(u, v) = C(u)C(v) P (m, n) cos m=0 n=0 (2m + 1)uπ 16 cos (2n + 1)vπ 16 (u, v = 0, 1, 2,, 7) (3.1) 14
15 DCT C(u), C(v) = 1 2 (u, v = 0) 1 (u, v 0) (3.2) (3.1) P (m, n) = C(u)C(v)S(u, v) cos 4 m=0 n=0 (2m + 1)uπ 16 cos (2n + 1)vπ 16 (3.3) (3.1) (u, v) 8 8 S(u, v) S(0, 0) (Direct Current DC) 63 S(u, v) (Alternating Current AC) DC AC u v 3.2: 3.2 (3.1) DCT JPEG 3.3 DCT 15
16 3.3: 3.3 DCT 1 JEPG DCT 16
17 [5] 8 8 DCT 1 DCT 0 1 DCT DCT 0 DCT DCT 3.4 DCT ( ) DCT 17
18 DCT DCT DCT : ( ) 1 18
19 1 4.2:
20 : 5.2: 3.3 DCT
21 DCT (3,3) :
22 (6,6) 5.4: ( 5.1) PSNR(Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) PSNR P SNR = 10 log 10 MAX 2 T, T = 1 M N 22 N 1 i=0 M 1 j=0 ( fij ˆf ij ) 2 (5.1)
23 (db) MAX N M f ij, ˆf ij (i, j) PSNR PSNR PSNR 40dB (5.1) PSNR 5.1 PSNR JPEG BMP 1 2 PSNR(dB) : PSNR 40dB ( 5.1)
24 DCT( ) PSNR PSNR PSNR 24
25 [1] (ISO/JIS- SCID), 1995 [2] JAPAN COLOR 1997 [3] C4 Technology, [4] AKIHITO38, [5],, 2004 [6],, 2000 [7] JPG2BMP & BMP2JPG, 25
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