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1 2014年 Winter Vol.6 欧州諸国のＰＬ製造物責任法制度と製品安全性規制の動向主要国の制度概要と特徴について第１章欧州諸国のＰＬ製造物責任法制度第２章欧州連合ＥＵの製品安全性規制

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4 RAPEX WithdrawalRecall

5 GHIA: Risk Solutions Report PL 2012 Vol.1 PL 2012 Vol.2 European Union EU 28 Directive EU PL 1

6 JKL:!"#$%&'()*+,-./01: 1 Negligence Tort 1960 Strict liability, No fault liability 3 MN,-OP%=Q: RST%UV: W: XYZ%[\: W: ]ST^YZ%_`ab: : %Pc: (de%fg%higjklc.: MacPherson Buick Motor Co

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7 1963 PL PL PL : , DC , EC: European Community EU1967 EC 1973 EC PL European Council

8 PL : EC ; Council Directive 85/374/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning liability for defective products DirectiveRegulationDecision PL 3 < 1 > The producer < 2 > product electricity 15-1a a < 3 > < 4 > 4

liability for defective products DirectiveRegulationDecision 19 3 1988 7 30 PL

9 < 5 > jointly and severally A B 10 A B 10 B A < 6 > 1. a b c 2. < 7 > a b c d e f < 8 > < 9 > a b ,000 i 5

10 ii < 10 > 3 the identity of the producer the plaintiff should reasonably have become aware of < 11 > 10 the date on which the producer put into circulation the actual product < 12 > < 13 > < 14 > < 15 > 1. a 1999 b 7 6

date on which the producer put into circulation the

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14 5 PL EU PL PL PL EU EU The Court of Justice of the European Union: ECJ PL ECJ EU ECJ EU ECJ The Court of JusticeGeneral CourtEU Civil Service TribunalPL 27 8 PL Actions for failure to fulfill obligations EU! PL PL ! PL PL PL 79 5, ! PL PL PL Reference for preliminary rulings EU PL PL 10

27 8 PL Actions for failure to fulfill obligations EU! PL PL 1997 15!

15 PL 30 EU 28 PL EU PL PL EU PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL 11

16 Risk Solutions Report Vol.1, 2012 PL PL 5 PL PL Consumer Protection Act Produkthaftungsgesetz: ProdHG vom Arzneimittelgesetz1976 PL PL

Protection Act 1987 1988 3 1 2000 1989 12 15

17 1990 Gentechnikgesetz Loi no du 19 mai 1998 relative à la responsabilité des produits défectuex PL PL PL PL Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica No Codice del Consumo Consumer s Act any products of the soil, of stock-farming or of fisheries PL PL HIV HIV 13

18 3 EU PL within a reasonable time 1 3 PL PL PL PL PL PL 14

19 7 6 a producer of products of the same description as the product in questionpl 1995 PL 1997 PL 8 9 PL 16 15

20 8, C C 114 National Blood Authority PL 1988 C PL A B C C what the public actually expectedwhat the public was entitled to expect 16

A B C 1980 1990 2001 C what the public actually

21 15 PL CRCChild Resistant Closure Cap: The Court of Appeal PL PL CRC PL ,

22 7, Trichinellosis PL PL PL PL PL 18

23 PL PL 19

24 J L:!" (.%)345670: PL EU Safety Directive 1992 GPSD: General Product Safety Directive GPSD PL GPSD General Product Safety Regulations Act on the Safety of Technical Work Equipments and Consumer Products GPSD EU GPSD GPSD PL PL PL GPSD 20

25 GPSD 5 3 GPSD Guidelines for the Notification of Dangerous Consumer Products to the Competent Authorities of the Member States by Producers and Distributors 1 2 a b Dangerous products 2 c 3 PL EU EU manufacturer s representative 2 e 21

26 2 e RAPEX 2001 GPSD 2004 RAPEX: Rapid Alert System for Non-Food Dangerous ProductsRAPEX EU GPSD 12 RAPEX RAPEX RAPEX RAPEX 22

27 RAPEX Weekly Report RAPEX Weekly Report, WithdrawalRecall GPSD 2 Withdrawal Recall 2002 GPSD 2002 Recall shall take place as a last resort EU EU 23

28 EU EU EU 3 GPSD 5 GPSD they shall encourage and promote voluntary action by producers and distributors 8 2 GPSD unsatisfactory or insufficient 4 EU Product Safety in Europe: A Guide to Corrective Action Including Recalls 24

29 )3%fifl % ÿ ÂÊÁËabÈ» fifl%íîªïì1«%c %Ó Ô ÒÚÛÙª)3ıˆª )3% öñõª% ± 2% Úª ˇ0%!P "$ÿ Âƒ%# ÀÃD% Ñï $#f%&'ª\(»a )*)3ƒ% +,A %)3ƒ% 2% ˇAÈ* ^ u-.œœ/õ%ı0 ^$#f%12%)334 ^YZ)3%?±ªı5 ^)3%67ª89 ^)3%:;2<=%?± ^+,2% >0%!P ^+,ƒ%#?íî% ± ^+,ƒ%#?@/% ± ^+,ƒ%#?ªab%cm ºæø%Cn ^)3DE.œŒ/õ%ı0 ^YZ)3%?±ªı5 ^ öñõif5g»%cm ^)3%67ª89 % ÀÃD%ab2% öõœœ Ñ ºæø% %ÿ Ÿ2 6% ß % 2UÆØ%± UÆØ%I% µ^v^30%ªºæø% ªabƒ% A Guide to Corrective Action Including Recalls, EU 25

30 Appendix RAPEX Keeping European Consumers Safe ,

31 RAPEX () RAPEX Annual Report 2 RAPEX % % RAPEX 2012 % 19% H I Ñ 15% UõVIõ 2% Kí / 2% JõI / 14% STÖï 3% Q R 4% NP ï 5% ïêk 10% NO P ó 5% M$ 8% ókl 9% 27

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35 RAPEX 31

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41 ß: PL Vol PL Update Vol PL I II European Commission, Council Directive of 25 July 1985 on the Approximation of the Laws, Regulations and Administrative Provision of the Member States Concerning Liability for Defective Products PL European Commission, Fourth Report on the Application of Council Directive 85/374/EEC of 25 July 1985 PL 4 Global Legal Group, The International Comparative Legal Guide to Product Liability 2009, 2010 & Hogan Lovells, International Product Liability Review 2012 Lovells, Product Liability in the European Union February 2003 United Kingdom, Consumer Protection Act 1987, 2 JETRO2001EU PL CE PL Update Vol Vol.40 No.7 European Commission, Keeping European Consumers Safe, 2012 Annual Report European Commission, Directive 2001/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 December 2001 on General Product SafetyGPSD European Commission, Guidelines for the Notification of Dangerous Consumer Products to the Competent Authorities of the Member States by Producers and Distributors European Commission, Product Safety in Europe: A Guide to Corrective Action Including Recalls Brown and Brooke LLP, International Product Liability Laws 37

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