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1 Fielding s Miscellanies Fielding s Miscellanies Miscellanies Tom Jones

2 Pilgrim s Progress Amelia Pamela

3 Fielding s Miscellanies Love in Several Masques Joseph Andrews Of True Greatness Of Good-Nature To a Friend on the Choice of a Wife An Essay on Nothing A Dialogue between Alexander the Great and Diogenes the Cynic An Essay on Conversation An Essay on the Knowledge of the Characters of Men Of the Remedy of Affliction for the Loss of Our Friends

4 Eurydice The Wedding Day A Journey from This World to the Next The Life of Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great conversation The action of living or having one s being in a place or among persons (OED) In short, by Good Breeding... An Enquiry into Happiness well-bred Behaviour ill-bred Behaviour

5 Fielding s Miscellanies Do unto all Men as you would they should do unto you. (124) Essay on Man the whole World becomes a vast Masquerade, where the greatest Part appear disguised under false Vizors and Habits. (155) Terrors of Religion (158) By their Fruits you shall know

6 them. (162) particularly in the twenty third chapter of St. Matthew (168) Habit of Virtue

7 Fielding s Miscellanies Indeed Time is the truest and best Physician on these Occasions. (219) the Search after Wisdom (220) Religion goes much farther, and gives us a most delightful Assurance, that our Friend is not barely no Loser, but a Gainer by his Dissolution...Lastly; It gives a Hope, the sweetest, most endearing, and ravishing, which can enter into a Mind capable of, and inflamed with, Friendship. The Hope of again meeting the beloved Person, of renewing and cementing the dear Union in Bliss everlasting. 10

8 Dialogues of the Dead True History (Gulliver s Travels) the City of Diseases

9 Fielding s Miscellanies the Emperor of Death the Palace of Death

10 for no Man enters that Gate without Charity. benevolence to one s neighbours, especially to the poor (OED) The Champion The Apology for the Clergy The last qualification which I shall mention, and which is peculiar to the clergy, is poverty.

11 Fielding s Miscellanies the different Characters of a Slave, a Jew, a General, an Heir, a Carpenter, a Beau, a Monk, a Fidler, a wise Man, a King... (45) three times a Bishop, before his Martyrdom (46)

12 ..., If he had no more Christianity in him than to ravish a Woman in a Storm! Christianity Almighty Mrs. Heartfree, who had no other Apprehensions from Death, but those of leaving her dear Husband and Children, fell on her Knees to beseech the Almighty s Favour, when Wild, with a Contempt of Danger truly GREAT... He saw the Tyrant Death ready to rescue from him his intended Prey, which he had yet devoured only in Imagination. (79) (a French Privateer)(80)

13 Fielding s Miscellanies the Great Alma Mater Nature (87) fostering mother Now, Nature having originally intended our GREAT MAN for that final Exaltation, which as it is the most proper and becoming End of all GREAT MEN, it were heartily to be wished they might all arrive at; would by no Means be diverted from her Purpose. She therefore no sooner spied him in the Water, than she softly whispered in his Ear to attempt the Recovery of his Boat; which Call he immediately obeyed, and being a good Swimmer with great Facility accomplished it. (89)

14 Laudanum Our Hero now suspected that the Malice of his Enemies would overpower him. He, therefore, betook himself to that true Support of GREATNESS in Affliction, a Bottle; by Means of which he was enabled to curse, and swear, and bully, and brave his Fate. Other Comfort indeed he had not much; for not a single Friend ever came near him. (177-8)

15 Fielding s Miscellanies I revile only the wicked ones, if any such are, which cannot affect you, who, if Men were preferred in the Church by Merit only, would have long since been a Bishop. (182)

16 To this the good Man (the Ordinary), with becoming Zeal and Indignation, answered, I know not what may become of a sincere Turk, but if this be your Persuasion, I pronounce it impossible you should be saved. No, Sir, so far from a sincere Turk's being within the Pale of Salvation, neither will any sincere Presbyterian, Anabaptist, nor Quaker whatever, be saved. (136) Humphry Clinker

17 Fielding s Miscellanies Ordinary

18 The word Latitudinarianism describes a habit of mind due in part to an indifference to religion and a distrust of the supernatural, and on the other hand to a more justifiable dislike of the intense dogmatism of the Reformation and post-reformation period... 26

19 Fielding s Miscellanies Heaven Fortune Nature

20 Tom Jones Amelia Joseph Andrews The History of Henry Fielding

21 Fielding s Miscellanies Henry Fielding, An Essay on Conversation, Miscellanies, ed. Henry Miller, The Wesleyan Edition (Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan Univ. Press, 1979), 123. Homes Dudden, Henry Fielding: His Life, Works, and Times (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1952) 417; Cross, 1: 387. Henry Fielding, An Essay on the Knowledge of the Characters of Men, Miscellanies, ed. Henry Miller, The Wesleyan Edition (Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan Univ. Press, 1979), Henry Fielding, Of the Remedy of Affliction for the Loss of Our Friends, Miscellanies, ed. Henry Miller, The Wesleyan Edition (Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan Univ. Press, 1979), 225. G. Godden, Henry Fielding: A Memoir (London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd., 1910), 149; Michael Irwin, Henry Fielding: the Tentative Realist (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967), 43. Richard Dircks, Henry Fielding (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1983), 66. See Martin Battestin with Ruthe Battestin, Henry Fielding: A Life (London: Routledge, 1989), 27. Henry Fielding, A Journey from This World to the Next, Miscellanies, ed. Hugh Amory, The Wesleyan Edition (Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan Univ. Press, 1993), 35. Henry Fielding, Miscellaneous Writings, The Complete Works of Henry Fielding, ed. William Henley (New York: Barnes & Noble, Inc., 1967), 15:273. Henry Fielding, The History of the Life of the late Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great, Miscellanies, ed. Hugh Amory, The Wesleyan Edition (Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan Univ. Press, 1997), 79. I will drink no Wine with

22 an Atheist. (182) JA Battestin, The Moral Basis of Fielding s Art: A Study of Joseph Andrews (Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan Univ. Press, 1967), F. J. Foakes Jackson, Anglican Church Principles (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1924), 142. On the Religious Elements in Fielding s Miscellanies Tatehiko NOGUCHI Key words: fielding, miscellanies, wild, journey, remedy, religious, ordinary As one kind of financial support for a literary man, raising a subscription of his unpublished work used to be familiar among patrons in the age of Fielding. According to the list of subscribers of the Miscellanies, there were not only men in judicial circles but peers such as the Prince of Wales among the more than seven hundred subscribers. Fielding himself placed

23 Fielding s Miscellanies the advertisement in 1742, however, the appearance of the three-volume Miscellanies was delayed until April As the title suggests, the Miscellanies is a heterogeneous medley of prose, verse and dramas. As to its evaluation, numbers of literary critics point out that no works in the Miscellanies are as highly valued as Tom Jones, Amelia and Joseph Andrews. It is hard to know from Fielding s biographers whether the low evaluation of the Miscellanies is due to the rough-and-ready method of Fielding s editing, but some fictional characteristics and thematic unity can be traced to, and compared with, his masterpieces. Of all the characteristic traits, the religious elements in the Miscellanies have been most neglected by literary critics, and these elements suggest what the author is to reveal in his later works. In considering the religious elements in each volume, it may be possible to define that such essays as An Essay on Conversation, An Essay on the Knowledge of the Characters of Men, and Of the Remedy of Affliction for the Loss of Our Friends in the first volume, offer the readers moral lessons about how one can exhibit wellbred behavior, as the maxim in the Bible says. In addition, especially in the case of losing dear friends, the essay makes it clear that religion is much more important than philosophy, because the former lets us believe that it is possible for us to meet the deceased beloved in heaven, if we believe in god. Fielding's views of religion in the first volume are also followed in the second volume, shown in an episode, that is, telling of the happy reunion between the narrator and his daughter at the gate of Elysium in A Journey from This World to the Next. In treating Julian s transformations as universal types to be described rather than as what the name suggests as the Roman Emperor, Fielding finally allows him to enter into Elysium after many trials by making him disguise himself as Hugh Latimer, an English

24 bishop in Worcester, who was burned at the stake as a heretic. All that the author attempts in the second volume is to indicate the process of the failures of the apostate to enter Elysium in the disguise of men of almost every occupation. Whatever Julian becomes, it does not matter, but it is significant that Julian disguises himself as a bishop three times, compared with choosing other occupations only once. It can be highly suggestive of Fielding's disbelief in religious circles in his own age that Julian succeeds in entering into Paradise by disguising himself as an English martyr. In the third volume Jonathan Wild the Great takes a whole volume. Not a few literary critics have discussed the relationship between true greatness and true goodness, suggested by the two leading characters, Wild and Heartfree; the great man is often a rogue, while the good man is not sure to thrive in this world. To satirize Robert Walpole who was a prominent figure in politics, Fielding takes notice of the prime minister and the thief taker who have something in common with each other as notorious figures for corruption in addition to the political satire, which might be weakened by the fact that Robert Walpole had lost his position as prime minister before the publication of Jonathan Wild the Great. Thus Fielding finally revised the book just before his death by cutting not only Mrs. Heartfree s story, a digression full of exotic adventures, but also something political. Our concern should be in the way in which as key figures the author presents us two ordinaries who preach to Wild and Heartfree before their executions. It is in the third volume of the Miscellanies that Fielding first fully reveals himself as a public moralist.

Cain & Abel

Cain & Abel: False Religion vs. The Gospel Now Adam knew Eve his wife, and she conceived and bore Cain, saying, I have gotten a man with the help of the LORD. And again, she bore his brother Abel. Now