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1 Journal of Environmental Biotechnology Vol. 13, No. 2, 89 93, 2013 総説 ( 特集 ) カシューナッツ副産物給与によるウシからのメタン生成削減 Reduction of Methane from Cattle Rumen by Feeding Cashew Byproduct Yasuo Kobayashi TEL & FAX: [email protected] Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita, Sapporo, Hokkaido , Japan キーワード Key words: methane, cattle, rumen, microbes はじめに ) SCFA ) 20 CO ) ) RUMEN-UP ) 4) 1

2 90 2. これまでに見つかっているメタン低減剤 CH 2BrCl ) 15) ) ) 1) 3. カシュー副産物の機能性 Cashew nut shell liquid, CNSL 2 8) 3.1 これまでの学術情報 CNSL 15 2

3 Reduction of Methane from Cattle Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus mutans 8) Helicobacter pylori 9) CNSL CNSL 3.2 メタン低減能の発見と実証 CNSL CNSL 14) CNSL CNSL CNSL 200 mg/l CNSL CNSL Whole body chamber ) 5 10 CNSL CNSL 3.3 メタン低減の機序 CNSL CNSL 14 8 CNSL mg/l CNSL 4 2 P<0.01 Watanabe et al R R1-R3 3 5

4 SEM P-value SEM P-value L/kg a b x y L/kg x y L/kg x y a,b; x,y 100 Shinkai et al CNSL CNSL Methanobrevibacter ruminantium 1.56 mg/l 5 2 S. aureus C15:3 10) 2 CNSL CNSL 60 CNSL CNSL 6 CNSL Ruminococcus flavefaciens Treponema bryantii 13) CNSL CNSL 16SrRNA mcra 2154 CNSL CNSL Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens 6 TB, total bacteria; TM, total methanogens; Rf, Ruminococcus flavefaciens; Rb, Ruminococcus albus; Tb, Treponema bryantii; Sb, Streptococcus bovis; Fs, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Pr, Prevotella ruminicola; Pb, Prevotella bryantii; Sd, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens; Ra, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Al, Anaerovibrio lipolytica; Sr, Selenomonas ruminantium; Me, Megasphaera elsdenii. Methanomicrobium mobile Methanobrevibacter wolinii S. dextrinosolvens M. mobile CNSL CNSL 7 CNSL M. wolinii mcra CNSL 13)

5 Reduction of Methane from Cattle 応用展開の方向 CNSL 2) CNSL 文 1) Calsamiglia, S., M. Busquet, P.W. Cardozo, L. Castillejos, and A. Ferret Essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. 90: 献 2) FAO Livestock s ling shadow: environmental issues and options. FAO Corporate Document Repository. fao.org/docrep/010/a0701e/a0701e00.htm 3) Johnson, K.A. and D.E. Johson Methane emissions from cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 73: ) Kobayashi, Y Abatement of methane production from ruminants: trends in the manipulation of rumen fermentation. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 23: ) Kobayashi, Y., T. Shinkai, and S. Koike Agricultural byproducts as modulators of rumen microbiota. pp In: International Colloquium on Rumen Microbiology (ISBN , ISSN ). Brazilian Soc. Anim. Sci., Brasillia, Brazil. 6) pp ; ; ) : ) Kubo, I., K. Nihei, and K. Tsujimoto Antibacterial action of anacardic acids against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). J. Agric. Food Chem. 54: ) Kubo, J., J. Lee, and I. Kubo Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents from the cashew apple. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47: ) Kubo, I., H. Muroi, and M. Himejima Structure - antibacterial activity relationships of anacardic acids. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: ) Rumen up Final report from RUMEN-UP. Rowett Research Institute. html 12) Russell, J.B. and H.J. Strobel Effect of ionophores on ruminal fermentation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55: ) Shinkai, T., O. Enishi, M. Mitsumori, K. Higuchi, Y. Kobayashi, A. Takenaka, K. Nagashima, M. Mochizuki, and Y. Kobayashi Mitigation of methane production from cattle by feeding cashew nut shell liquid. J. Dairy Sci. 95: ) Watanabe, Y., R. Suzuki, S. Koike, K. Nagashima, M. Mochizuki, R.J. Forster, and Y. Kobayashi In vitro evaluation of cashew nut shell liquid as a methane-inhibiting and propionate-enhancing agent for ruminants. J. Dairy Sci. 93: ) Williams, Y.J., S. Popovski, S.M. Rea, L.C. Skillman, A.F. Toovey, K.S. Northwood, and A-D.G. Wright A vaccine against rumen methanogens can alter the composition of archaeal populations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: ) Wright, A.D.G., P. Kennedy, C.J. O Neill, A.F. Toovey, S. Popovski, S.M. Rea, C.L. Pimm, and L. Klein Reducing methane emissions in sheep by immunization against rumen methanogens. Vaccine 22: