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1 ( ) CPRC

2

3

4

5

6

7 ( ) ( )

8

9

10 Corpus Iuris Civilis (universitas) (universitas) universitas(corporation) 9

11

12 Universitas persona ficta ( ) cf.,

13

14 9 :

15 15 (fair ) 13

16 by-laws) 14

17 by-laws) by-laws by-laws by-laws ( ) ( ) Regulated company freemen general court ( ) 1 governor 1 deputy-governor 2 assistants

18 Joint stock company regulation company stock joint company 16 18

19 17 A A17 X masters Contract for service B servant B master Contract of service servants 18 19

20

21 (1606 ) body politick

22

23 (1776 ) 13 state state state

24 by-laws = town laws governor = by-laws ( ) 23 24

25

26 (1776 )

27

28

29 (1847 ) (1849 ) (1851 (1852 )

30 ( ) 32 30

31

32 The Story of a Great Monopoly (1881 ) ( ) ( )

33 ( ) ( ) ( ) 36

34 20 ( Trust busting) ( ) 1904 (5 4) ( ( )

35 NIRA ( ( ) 3 FTC NIRA (Schechter Poultry Corp. v. US) etc

36 FTC) ( ) NIRA 1938 ( ) 41

37 NIRA NIRA 1938 NASD NASDAQ

38 EC 1957 ( EU)

39 10 ( 1) 39

40 ( ) ( 2)

41 ( )

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