た還り見くまの御代かPre-Modern Japanese Poetry, 24 MYS I.37 反歌ゆ滑野るの絶のこ河との常むなmiredo akanu / Yoshino no kawa no / 見れど飽かぬ吉Long though I gaze, I shall never tire of

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1 Pre-Modern Japanese Poetry, 23 MYS I.36 幸やすみししわご大君の聞于吉野宮之時柿本朝臣人麻呂作歌れど飽かねかや高知らすみなそそく滝の都は見ゆることなくこの山のい競ひ夕河渡るこの川の絶川渡り船磯城の大宮人は船並めて朝柱津の野辺に宮ふ秋野の国の川の清き河内と御心を吉はしも多にあれど山こし食す天の下に国太敷きませば百もyasumishishi / waga ōkimi no / kikoshiosu / ame no shita ni / kuni wa shimo / sawa ni aredo / yamakawa no / kiyoki kafuchi 花散らto / mikokoro wo / Yoshino no kuni no / hana chirau / Akizu no nobe ni / miyabashira / futoshikimaseba / momoshiki no / ōmiyabito wa / fune namete / asakawa watari / funagioi / yūkawa wataru / kono kawa no / tayuru koto naku / kono yama no / iya takashirasu / mina sosoku / taki no miyako wa / miredo akanu kamo Where our Sovereign reigns, Ruling the earth in all tranquility, Under the heaven Of this realm she holds sway, Many are the lands, But of their multitude, Seeing the clear pools That form along this mountain stream, She gave her heart To the fair land of Yoshino, And where blossoms fall Forever on the field of Akizu She planted firm The mighty pillars of her palace halls. Now the courtiers, Men of the palace of the hundred stones, Line up their boats To row across the morning stream, Vie in their boats To race upon the evening stream: And like the stream This place shall last forever, Like these mountains Ever loftier shall rise Beside the plunging waters Of the torrent her august abode: Long though I gaze, my eyes will never tire Cranston Many are the lands in the realm of heaven where our Empress reigns, where holds sway our great Sovereign who governs in peace; yet her august heart inclines toward Yoshino holding it to be a place where the mountain stream courses into pure pools; and there in the fields where flowers fall at Akizu, she has erected firm pillars of a palace. Thus the courtiers, men of the stone-built palace, align their vessels to cross the morning river, and race their vessels to cross the evening river. Though I gaze and gaze, never shall I have enough: palace eternal as the flow of the river, palace soaring high as the towering mountains beside the seething cascade. Our Great lord of the eight corners, she who commands and rules all beneath heaven, although her lands are indeed many, for the clear pools of its mountain river her heart is drawn to the land of Yoshino, and on the Akizu plains, where flowers scatter she firmly builds the palace pillars and thus the courtiers of the glorious palace line up the boats to cross the morning river and race the boats to cross the evening river. This river that flows unceasingly, this mountain that commands the heights, the glorious palace by the surging water, we never tire to see Shirane Man'yōshū: Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves

2 た還り見くまの御代かPre-Modern Japanese Poetry, 24 MYS I.37 反歌ゆ滑野るの絶のこ河との常むなmiredo akanu / Yoshino no kawa no / 見れど飽かぬ吉Long though I gaze, I shall never tire of Yoshino, Within whose stream The water-moss grows smooth forever, As I shall come to view these sights anew. I shall come again to see it come ceaselessly as grows velvet moss in the Yoshino River, of which my eyes never tire. tokoname no / tayuru koto naku / mata kaerimimu We never tire to see the eternal bed of the Yoshino River may we return to see it flow unceasingly Shirane MYS I.38 やすみししわご大君神網さし渡す山川も依りて仕ふる神川を立ち下つ瀬に小へ奉るに仕き副ふ葉かざせりかざし持ちる御調と春へには花はる青垣山山神の奉ば畳りたちてぎつ河内に高殿を高知りまして登ながら神さびせすと吉野川たと上の瀬に鵜もyasumishishi / waga ōkimi / kamunagara / kamusabi sesu to / Yoshinogawa / tagitsu kafuchi ni / takadono wo / takashirimashite 川の神も国見をせせ[一は云く黄葉かざ秋立て大御食ば黄し]逝/ noboritachi / kunimi wo seseba / tatanaharu / aokakiyama / yamatsumi no / matsuru mitsuki to / harue ni wa / hana kazashimochi / aki tateba / momichi kazaseri / yukisou / kawa no kami mo / ōmike ni / tsukaematsuru to / kami tsu se ni / ukawa wo tachi / shimo tsu se ni / sade sashiwatasu / yama kawa mo / yorite tsukauru / kami no mi yo kamo Man'yōshū: Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves

3 反歌山川も依出せすかに船ぎつ河内ながらた仕ふる神Pre-Modern Japanese Poetry, 25 Our great Sovereign Who rules the land in all tranquility, She who is a god In action godlike has ordained That by Yoshino Where seething waters deepen into pools, Lofty halls shall rise, Lifting high above the stream; And when she climbs aloft That she may gaze upon the land Fold upon fold The mountains standing in green walls Present as tribute Offered by the mountain gods In springtime Blossoms worn upon the brow, And when autumn comes Deck themselves in yellow leaves. Gods of the river too, That flows along the mountain foot, In order to provide The Sovereign s table with good fare, At the upper shallows Start the cormorants downstream, And at the lower shallows Spread their nets from bank to bank. Mountain and river Join thus in fealty to serve The god who rules this glorious age. Our great Sovereign who rules the nation in peace, a very goddess thinking to act as a god, has built splendidly a hall towering high by seething pools of the Yoshino River; and when she climbs up and standing surveys the land, the green-wall mountains ranging in their serried ranks wishing to present tribute from the mountain gods deck their heads with flowers if the season be springtime, and wear colored leaves with the coming of autumn. And eager to give food for the august table, the gods of the stream flowing beside the mountains send out cormorants to fish the upper shallows, send men with scoop nets to fish the lower shallows. Ah, this is the reign of a god in whose service mountain and rivers unite! Our great Sovereign, a goddess, Of her sacred will Has reared a towering palace On Yoshino s shore, Encircled by its rapids; And, climbing, she surveys the land. The overlapping mountains, Rising like green walls, Offer the blossoms with spring, As godly tributes to the Throne. The god of the Yū River, to provide the royal table, Holds the cormorant-fishing In its upper shallows, And sinks the fishing-nets In the lower stream. Thus the mountains and the river Serve our Sovereign, one in will; It is truly the reign of a divinity Keene MYS I.39 りてWhom mountain and river Join thus in fealty to serve, She who is a god Now sets her boat upon the stream Where seething waters deepen into pools. A very goddess whom the mountains and rivers unite in serving, she is rowed forth in her boat, rowed forth to the seething pools. もyama kawa mo / yorite tsukauru / kamu nagara / tagitsu kōchi ni / funade sesu kamo Man'yōshū: Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves

4 ほほしく待ち恋ふらむ愛しき妻らずおPre-Modern Japanese Poetry, 26 玉藻よし讃岐の国は国柄か見も問はましを知らば行きても告げむ妻知らば来になして荒磯に自伏す君が家の音の繁き浜辺べを敷栲の枕岑の島の荒磯面にいほりてみれば波ちこちの島は多けど名ぐはし狭を恐み行く船の梶引き折てを見れば白波さわく鯨魚取り海居に吹くに沖見ればとゐ波立ち辺が漕ぎ来れば時つ風雲ぎ来る中の水戸ゆ船浮けてわりゆかむ神の御面と継こだ貴き天地日月とともに満れど飽かぬ神柄かこ玉桙の道だに知らMYS II.220 并讃短岐歌狭岑嶋視石中死人柿本朝臣人麻呂作歌一首はtamamo yoshi / Sanuki no kuni wa / kuni kara ka / miredomo akanu / kamu kara ka / kokoda tōtoki / ametsuchi / hitsuki to tomo ni / tariyukamu / kami no miomo to / tsugikitaru / naka no minato yu / fune ukete / waga kogikureba / tokitsu kaze / kumoi ni fuku ni / oki mireba / toinami tachi / he mireba / shiranami sawaku / isanatori / umi wo kashikomi / yuku fune no kaji hikiorite / wochikochi no / shima wa ōkedo / naguwashi / Samine no shima no / arisomo ni / iorite mireba / nami no oto no / shigeki hamahe wo / shikitae no / makura ni nashite / aratoko ni / korofusu kimi ga / ie shiraba / yukite mo tsugemu / tsuma shiraba / ki mo towamashi wo / tamahoko no / michi dani shirazu / ōhoshiku / machi ka kouramu / hashiki tsumara wa Splendid with gemweed. Yes, rich is the land of Sanuki, A land of good stock Is it for this I gaze but do not weary? A land of godhead Is it for this it bides deep in awe? Together with heaven, With earth, long as the sun and moon, It will endure and prosper, This land whose face, the legend has come down, Is the visage of a god. Having come this far, once more We launched our ship And rowed from Naka harbor out to sea: Then the tide wind blew Down from the Dwelling of the Clouds; When I looked far out Great surging waves towered up, And looking to the beach, I saw the white waves seething on the shore. In dread of the wild, Whale-hunting sea, we struggled With the oars of our Hurtling ship until they bent with strain. Everywhere about Were islands, but of their multitude In the end it was The sweet-named isle of Samine Upon whose rocky strand We built our shelter and then looked about: There on the beach Loud with the ceaseless, pounding surf, Sprawled with the sand For your pillow of fine barken cloth, On that rough bed You laid yourself; and if I knew Where to find your home, I would go to bear this word; Or if your wife but knew, Surely she would come to seek you out; But all unknowing Even of the jewel-spear road to take, Timidly anxious, Even now she must be waiting, yearning, The dear wife that you loved so well. Man'yōshū: Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves

5 ぎにけらずぎ過沖つ波来せる君か栲枕きて寝荒磯を敷Pre-Modern Japanese Poetry, 27 Land of Sanuki, rich in gemlike seaweed: is it the land s nature that attracts our tireless gaze? Is it the god s nature that inspires us with such awe? This is the visage of a god who will flourish together with heaven and earth, sun and moon: thus we have been taught. Arrived at Naka harbor, we set out to sea, and as we rowed onward, a seasonal wind began to blow in the sky. In the offing, surging waves came thundering in. In dread of the sea, that awesome place where men hunt whales, we bent our oars on our journeying boat. There were many isles scattered in this place and that, but we made our shelter, our rude hut, by the rocky strand of Samine, fair-named island of renown. And there I saw you fallen face down on a rough bed, with only the shore where the waves sound ceaselessly to serve as your pillow on which to rest your head. If I knew your house, I would go there with tidings; if your wife but knew, she would come to seek you out. But not knowing even the way to follow, she must be waiting with anxious, yearning heart she, your beloved wife. MYS II.221 の美上のの山野うはやし佐tsuma mo araba / tsumite tagemashi 反歌二首妻あらば採りみてたげまIf your wife were here She would pick herbs for you to eat The starworts that grow In the fair upland fields of Sami But is their time not long gone by? Had your wife been here, the two of you might have eaten starwort from the fields of Mount Sami that starwort whose season is now past. / Sami no yama / no no ue no uhagi / suginikerazu ya MYS II.222 との枕よるAnd you who lie asleep Where the long waves wash ashore, Taking this rough strand For a pillow of barken cloth Where you might rest your head Alas, poor man, that you have lain down to sleep, taking as pillow the rocky, wind-swept shore battered by waves from the sea! もoki tsu nami / kiyoru ariso wo / shitae no / makura to makite / naseru kimi kamo Man'yōshū: Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves

6 思ほに古の人われし世Pre-Modern Japanese Poetry, 28 MYS II.266 一柿近首本もが波江朝し鳴千の臣ゆのけ鳥汝海夕人ば情麻呂歌 Ōmi no umi / yūnami chidori / na ga nakeba / Kakinomoto no Hitomaro Out on Ōmi Sea Plovers on the evening waves, When I hear your cries, Into my now helpless heart Come thoughts of long ago. You wave-plovers of dusk on the Ōmi Sea each time you cry out my heart withers within me, set on things of long ago. kokoro mo shino ni / inishie omōyu MYS VII 柿本朝臣人麻呂歌集巻向の山沫のごとく水の水はMakimuku no / yamabe toyomite / yuku 辺とよみて行On rushing water roaring Through mountain gorges Under Makimuku we Who are people of this world. We of this world are like the bubbles of the flowing waters that roar beside the hills of Makimuku Collins mizu no / minawa no gotoshi / yo no hito ware wa Man'yōshū: Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves

7 Pre-Modern Japanese Poetry, 29 GRAMMAR SUPPLEMENT Annotated Grammar MYS III.266 READING (WITH FURIGANA ) あふみうみ近江の海ゆふなみちどり夕波千鳥な汝なが鳴けばこころ情もしのにいにしへ古おも思ほゆ PARSED TEXT 近江の海夕波千鳥固有名詞名詞汝代名詞が格助鳴け四段 / 已然形ば接助詞情名詞も係助しのに副詞古名詞思ほゆ下二段 / 終止形 VOCABULARY 近江の海夕波千鳥汝鳴けしのに思ほゆ (proper n.) another name for Lake Biwa (n.) "chidori" = plover (birds); "yū = evening; nami = waves (n.) you (v.) cry (adv.) a modifier for the way moisture (like a mist) or an emotion (like sadness) permeates or saturates (v.) to find oneself thinking about (formed from the 未然形 of "omohu" + 助動詞 "yu" = spontaneity). Man'yōshū: Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves Supplement

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