制度から見る薬剤師の役割
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1 M7: 潜在的発がんリスクを低減するための医薬品中 DNA 反応性 ( 変異原性 ) 不純物の評価および管理 平成 26 年 7 月 10 日医薬品医療機器総合機構 再生医療製品等審査部 (ICH-M7 日本規制側エキスパート ) 福地準一 1
2 注意事項 ミネアポリス対面会議で合意された Step 4 文書について 会議での論点を紹介します 今回は 概要の理解を優先する目的で 意訳したり 省略している部分があります 現在 国内施行通知の発出に向けて Step 4 文書の和訳作業中です 単語の一つ一つ 文章の細部など 今後作成される関連資料と異なる可能性があります 2
3 本日の内容 M7 専門家会議メンバー これまでの経緯 M7ガイドラインの構成 ミネアポリスで主な議題とされた内容 その他 Step 2 文書からの主な変更点 ( 大阪対面会議の成果を含む ) M7の実装に関して 個別不純物許容量の付録作成に関して 3
4 M7 専門家会議メンバー (24 名 ) EU EFPIA MHLW JPMA FDA PhRMA Others Peter Kasper (Germany), Diana van Riet-Nales (Netherlands) Steven Spanhaak (J&J), Lutz Mueller (Roche), Kevin McKiernan (AstraZeneca) 本間正充 (NIHS), 阿曽幸男 (NIHS), 柊寿珠 (PMDA), 福地準一 (PMDA) 橋爪恒夫 (Takeda), 井越伸和 (Janssen/J&J), 小松一聖 (Shionogi), 福津直人 (Daiichi-Sankyo) Aisar Atrakchi (Rapporteur), Stephen Miller, Timothy McGovern Paul Brown Warren Ku (Boehringer), David DeAntonis (Pfizer), Joseph DeGeorge (Merck) Alisa Vespa (Health Canada), Elisabeth Klenke (EFTA) Esther Vock (WSMI), Young Mi Song (Korea), Looi Yee Hoo (Singapore) 4
5 これまでの経緯 2010 年 6 月タリン会議 SC でトピック化決定 2010 年 11 月福岡対面会議 (1) 2011 年 6 月シンシナティ対面会議 (2) 2011 年 11 月セビリア対面会議 (3) 2012 年 6 月福岡対面会議 (4) 2012 年 11 月サンディエゴ対面会議 (5) Step 2 文書の完成 2013 年 11 月大阪対面会議 (6) 2014 年 6 月ミネアポリス対面会議 (7) ステップ 4 文書サインオフ 5
6 M7 ガイドラインの構成 1. 諸言 2. ガイドラインの適用範囲 3. 一般原則 4. 市販製品に対する検討事項 5. 製造工程と製剤中の不純物に関する評価 6. ハザード評価の要件 7. リスクの特性解析 8. 管理 9. ドキュメンテーション 10. 注記用語解説参考文献付録 ( シナリオ 管理方法の事例 実装 ) 6
7 主な議題とされた内容 ( その 1) M7 適用範囲に関して (Section 2) ( ステップ 2) The following types of drug substances are not covered in this guideline: biological/biotechnological, peptide, oligonucleotide, radiopharmaceutical, fermentation products, herbal products, and crude products of animal or plant origin. Exceptions would be when products such as biologicals and peptides are chemically synthesized or modified (e.g., addition of organic chemical linkers, semi-synthetic products). In such cases an assessment of potential mutagenicity is warranted for chemicals likely to exist as impurities/degradants in the drug product. ( ステップ 4) Assessment of the mutagenic potential of impurities as described in this guideline is not intended for the following types of drug substances and drug products: biological/biotechnological, peptide, oligonucleotide, radiopharmaceutical, fermentation products, herbal products, and crude products of animal or plant origin. M7 適用範囲外の除外規定に関する記載を全て削除 7
8 主な議題とされた内容 ( その 2) 合成ルート中の変異原性評価の対象不純物 (Section 5.1) The risk of carryover into the drug substance should be assessed for identified impurities that are present in starting materials and intermediates, and impurities that are reasonably expected by-products in the route of synthesis from the starting material to the drug substance. As the risk of carryover may be negligible for some impurities (e.g., those impurities in early synthetic steps of long routes of synthesis), a risk-based justification could be provided for the point in the synthesis after which these types of impurities should be evaluated for mutagenic potential. For starting materials that are introduced late in the synthesis of the drug substance (and where the synthetic route of the starting material is known) the final steps of the starting material synthesis should be evaluated for potential mutagenic impurities. ステップ数の多い合成ルートでの上流の不純物は 残存リスクは無視できるほどに低いため 変異原性評価の対象にされない 原薬製造の終期に導入される出発物質は その最終製造工程について 変異原性の評価対象となる 8
9 主な議題とされた内容 ( その 3) 投与期間に応じた許容値の疾患事例 (Table 4) Scenario Acceptable Intake (µg/day) Treatment duration of < 1 month: e.g., drugs used in emergency procedures (antidotes, anesthesia, acute ischemic stroke), actinic keratosis, treatment of lice 120 Treatment duration of > 1-12 months: e.g., anti-infective therapy with maximum upto12 months treatment (HCV), parenteral nutrients, prophylactic flu drugs (~ 5 months), peptic ulcer, Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), pre-term labor, preeclampsia, pre-surgical (hysterectomy) treatment, fracture healing (these are acute use but with long half-lives). Treatment duration of >1-10 years: e.g., stage of disease with short life expectancy (severe Alzheimer s), non-genotoxic anticancer treatment being used in a patient population with longer term survival (breast cancer, CML), drugs specifically labeled for less than 10 years of use, drugs administered intermittently to treat acute recurring symptoms (chronic Herpes, gout attacks, substance dependence such as smoking cessation), macular degeneration, HIV Treatment duration of >10 years to lifetime: e.g., chronic use indications with high likelihood for lifetime use across broader age range (hypertension, dyslipidemia, asthma, Alzheimer s (except severe AD), hormone therapy (e.g., GH, TH, PTH), lipodystrophy, schizophrenia, depression, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, COPD, cystic fibrosis, seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis 基本的にはケースバイケース 9
10 その他 ステップ 2 からの主な変更点 ( その 1) Safety に関する主な変更点等 ハザード評価の要件 (Section 6) 2 種類の QSAR 評価の結果によりアラート構造が示されない限りは 変異原性の懸念がないと結論可能 リスクの特性解析 (Section 7) 化合物特異的なリスク評価に基づく許容摂取量は 一生涯より短い期間の暴露における許容摂取量の考え方を利用可能だが 原薬の許容摂取量の 0.5% 以下にすること non-glpによるames 試験に関して (Note 2) GLPを遵守して実施されないケースでも対応可能である旨 再確認 変異原性物質の検出の信頼性を確保するため 250μg/plate 以上の試験濃度が必要とされる を削除 10
11 その他 ステップ 2 からの主な変更点 ( その 2) Quality に関する主な変更点 製造工程由来不純物の管理 (Section 8.1) 許容限度値の30% 以下であることを 連続する6バッチのパイロットバッチもしくは3バッチのコマーシャルバッチのデータにより示すことができれば スキップ試験は適用可能 工程の除去能力をスパイク試験等で示すことにより ルーチン 分析を不要とする管理手法は適用可能 必要に応じてバッチデ ータを提示 理論的パージファクターに関する文献を引用 11
12 M7 の実装に関して ( その 1) Implementation of M7 is encouraged after publication; however, because of the complexity of the guideline, application of M7 is not expected prior to 18 months after ICH publication. The following exceptions to the 18 month timeline apply. 公開後 M7ガイドラインを運用することは奨励される しかし ガイドラインの複雑さに鑑み 公開 18カ月後よりも前には M7 の適用は期待されない なお 以下の除外事項も適用される Ames tests should be conducted according to M7 upon ICH publication. However, Ames tests conducted prior to publication of M7 need not be repeated. M7 に従った Ames 試験を実施する必要がある しかし M7 公開以前に実施された Ames 試験については 再度の実施は不要 12
13 M7 の実装に関して ( その 2) When development programs have started phase 2B/3 clinical trials prior to publication of M7 these programs can be completed up to and including marketing application submission and approval, with the following exceptions to M7. No need for two QSAR assessments as outlined in Section 6. No need to comply with the scope of product impurity assessment as outlined in Section 5. No need to comply with the documentation recommendations as outlined in Section 9. M7 公開前に 2B/3 相臨床試験が開始されていた開発については 以下の除外事項を適用し 承認申請及び承認取得まで完了できる 2 種類の QSAR による評価 ( 第 6 章 ) は不要 不純物の評価対象の適用 ( 第 5 章 ) は不要 規制当局への提出文書に関する推奨事項 ( 第 9 章 ) の適用は不要 13
14 M7 の実装に関して ( その 3) Given the similar challenges for development of a commercial manufacturing process, application of the aspects of M7 listed above to new marketing applications that do not include Phase 2B/3 clinical trials would not be expected until 36 months after ICH publication of M7. 製品の商業生産工程の開発の際にも同様な難題があることを考慮し 2B/3 相臨床試験を実施せずに申請される新薬申請については M7 公開後 36 カ月まで M7 の適用は期待されない 14
15 個別不純物許容量の付録作成の計画 safety の M7 サブグループにより 引き続きテレカンにより作業を継続 2014 年 12 月には ステップ 2 文書としてパブリックコメント募集に到達 ICH-Q3C と同様のプロセスにより 継続して追加予定 15
16 謝辞 M7 トピック初期における活動にご尽力された紺世智徳様及び吉冨真理様 並びにステップ 2 文書到達 ステップ 2 文書の翻訳 並びに国内パブリックコメントへの対応作業に JPMA 側トピックリーダーとしてご尽力され ステップ 4 到達に多大なる貢献をされた澤田繁樹様に深く御礼申し上げます 16
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