ト く Z9 く α α コ 匚 Z の 4 ゆ 5 D 1m F 童 g. Co 凶 guratio コ Fach rs betweenthe Human Body and Re (rtangular Planes on the S 三 de Wall and Forward of his Cei

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1 研究論文 UDC : 697,1t 日本建築学会論文報告集第 3 号 昭和 57 年 1 月 人体と矩形面との間の形態係数および人体の有効ふく射面積関する研究 第 報椅座裸体の揚合の実測と老察 正会員堀越哲美 * 正会員小林陽太郎 * * 1. はじめ 前報では 1 ), 人体と矩形面との聞の 形態係数および人 体の有効ふく射面積の筧出理論っいて述べ, 椅座着衣 の場合の実測結果っいて発表した 本論文おいて は, 椅座裸体の場合っいての実測結果を示し, 求めら れた着衣と裸体の両方の場合の有効ふく射面積および形 態係数ついての考察を行う, 椅座裸体の場合の実測,1 測定方法および被験者 測定は, 前報で示した測定理論 ) 従い, 立体角投射 カメラと肖作自動架台を用いて行った 被験者は, 着衣の場合と同一入物の青年男子 1 名を用いた 測定時の被験者身体デー. タを Table 1 示す 姿勢は. 椅座位の状態とし, 着衣の場合と同じ い 椅子を用, 足はかかとをあわせ, 背筋を伸ばして, 手はひざの 上置いた ド測定位置關係ついても, 着衣の場合と同様臍の奥 1cm を申心とした座標系を設定し, 人体の右半分つ いての測定を行った 洳定位置は, 人体の中心より下方 おける矩形面上では.3mX.5m メッシュの格子点 上とし, その他の面では.5m.5m メッシュの格子 点上とした 入体中心と矩形面との問の距離は, 床面 対しては.6m, その他の面対しては 1m とした. 測定結果 立体角投射カメラより撮影した写像を, プラニメー ター ( 小泉測器 KP 7 ) で読みとり, 各面上の各格子 点おける, 点と入体との問の形態係数を求めた それ * * * Table l PbysicalChara ( オ eristics of Subject 豊橋技術科学大学助手 工博 豊橋技術科学大学教授 工博 ( 昭和 57 年 3 月 7 日原稿受理日, 討論期限昭和 58 年 3 月末日 ) 一 9 一 らの値を前報の算出理論 1) 従い, 入体の有効ふく射面 積および人体と矩形面との聞の形態係数を求めた な お, 積分は, Newton Cotes 法より数値積分した 以上より求められた有効ふく射面積の結果を Table 示す ここで, 裸体時の有効ふく射面積率 fefr n を, 人体の裸体時の体表面積 4t 対する, 裸体時め有効ふ く射面積 Ar n の割合として求めた 式で示せば次のよ うなる f f. nu 一籌 一一 一 ( ) 次, 人体と矩形面との間の形態係数の計算結果を図 表化して,. 人体と矩形面の位置関係毎 Fig.1 6 示 す Ttible Results of EffectiveRadiation Areas effec 七 ive radia ヒ ion area of 艶 ctiv 已 radia ヒ ion aro 己 factor olothednude 1 4m body 5urface area 士 1.76m.33m,8D1.75.,7Bm DuB i a 二 7i.84,we 45. HQ 75. t. 1 齟 4 W :weigh ヒ kg H3 he 土 qht じ m α Q 話 Z9 を 己 Z ゆ 4 ゆ 覊 5 1m X Fig 1 ConfigurationFactors between the Human Body and ReCtangular Planes in Front of Him. 1 1

2 ト く Z9 く α α コ 匚 Z の 4 ゆ 5 D 1m F 童 g. Co 凶 guratio コ Fach rs betweenthe Human Body and Re (rtangular Planes on the S 三 de Wall and Forward of his Cei ユ ter. 茫 Z 舞く鷹コ 罵 Z 4F 5 X F 萓 9.3Co 皿丘 guration Factorsbetweell the Human Body alld Re じ tangular Planes on the Side W 乱 lland behind of his Center. 躄 Q ff,4 夢 z 這 α 髫黌簑 8 一 α5 げ m Fig.4 Con 丘 9uratiQn Factors betweell the H n Body a11 1Rectangular Planes behind Him, 1 Fig.5 Fig.6 疂. o. q4 萎竃. 鬘 5 1m & )11 丘 guration Factors between the Hu ロ 1a コ Body and R tangular PI 跏 es on the Ceiling. 辱 9 6 鍵器 o.4 軽篝. 隻 8 α5 1m X Configuration Ilactr)rs betweel1 the Human Body and Rectangular Planes on the Floor, 3. 人体の有効ふく射面積関する考察 人体の有効ふく射面積の実数値は, 被験者の絶対的な 体形 体格の違いがあるため, 直接的は, ほかの研究 結果と比較できない 用いて比較を行う そこで, 有効ふく射面積率の値を 現在迄の研究よる人体の有効ふく 射面積率をまとめると,Table 3 となる なお, 本研究 の結果は, 従来の研究との比較の妥当性のため, 体表面 積を DuBois の算出式 Y 基づくものを用いた 従来の研究より求められた結果および本研究での結 果を Table 4 示す 従来の研究で求められたものの 姿勢は, 立位が多く, 比較の対象となるのは, Guibert と TaylorS ), Fanger ら 9 } よるものである 椅座裸休の 場合, Guibert と Taylor,Fanger らの場合,,7 であ り, 本研究では,.75 である 椅座着衣の揚合 Fanger, の研究では.77 であり, 本研究では.8 が得られて NII-Electronic 工工一 E, 茄 銅 正 Library.. y. vi

3 TabIe 3 Comparisonamong EffectiveRadiation Area Factors by Previous Studies numbers of 1nve5tiqa セor posturef ff feff l. nu sub ゴ ects male female Bohnenkamp und Pasquay 諦 8td.B Bandow und Bohnenka 王 np り 5td Bedford 5 ) 5td win $ low et a16 ) σ ro 1.4,83.7 rec.74 4 Hardy and DuBois7 ) std. 78 Guibert a ロ d raylor9 ) stdsenmstcro.77, Fanger e 七 a ゴ ) td5en } } Authors 5en PQsture ; std = standinq sen seden し ary,ms 七甲 semi s セ andinq rec reclininq cro = :rouching. 1 1 feff _ cl ffective radiation area factor fqr clo 七 hed sub ゴ ect feff nu effective radiati n area fac セ Qr f r nude ub ゴ ct 椅座位の姿勢での, 着衣の 場合と裸体の場合の, 等しい 位置関係おける比較を行う と, Table 5 の結果を得る 裸体の場合と着衣の場合の着 衣状態よっ て, 極端な差は 認められない と考えられる 各位置関係毎, 僅かの差が みられるのは, 入体のシルエ ッ トが着衣よっ て変わるた めであると考えられる 4.Fanger らの結果との 比較 直接人体を測定して結果を 求めた Fanger らの もの と比 較を行い, その異なる点をあ きらか したい その た め, 著者らの研究と Fanger い Table 4 Comparison between Effective Radiatien Area Factors for Sedentary Posture by Previous Studies and by the Authors Guiber 七 and Taylor Fanqer et a1 Au 七 hors 需冫 6) feff cl feff. nu 一一一一〇 ) D.75 る 有効ふく射面積率の数値としては極端違う値で はない この差の原因は, 日本人と欧米人の体格の差, 測定法の違い等が考えられるが椅座した時の姿勢よ り, また特着衣の場合は, 着衣量や着衣の形状が異 なるため, 差が生じていることも考えられる 著者ら の方法より, さら被験者を増やして実測例を重ねて ゆく必要があるが, この方法は理論的近似を行わな い, 新しい方法で測定したこと, 意義があると考えら く 1 θ Z 6 回 店 4 騨 Z 圏鱒 騨. 卩 F 邑昌 9 } 一一 r 霜 A thord 1m 一 D 罵 m D 岩 3 n コ鑢 WD 群 D XiD Fig.7 Co 皿 Parison between bnfigu 瓰 tion Fa :bors by Fallger and by the Authors ; Upper Front Wa1. れる 4. 形態係数の考察 4.1 着衣の場合と裸体の場合の比較 Table 5Comparison between C()nfiguratio エ 1 Factors for clotbed and nude subjects geome し ry clo ゆ辷 hednude x 囗 1 皿,Y 噐 1 皿,D = 1 m.56,5 X 嵩 1 皿,Y = 層,6 皿 r D ; ]L 皿 ヨ 8 D; lm,y = 1m,X 昌ユ m, D ヨー 1n 匸.Y = lr 巳,X 罕 lm X ヨ lm, Y = 工恥 D 冨一 1 皿 X 望 1.m7 Y 跖一〇.6 m7 D = 一ユ X = 1 叫 D 罷 1 皿.Y 匚 1 血.447D,445 m. フ.74 X 昌 1 叫 D 昌一 1 皿,Y ; lm. } X = 1 m 厂 D= l mr Y ニー.6 m ユ X = 1 m,d= 一. ユ皿,Y ニー.6 m = レ < Z.6 一 く 1.8 o.4 Z b 一 凾 Fang r 一占一 A hα 一膠一 鰹幽 D 司 m D3m 一一 戸二. 一胴冒一一曽 WD 旨 β,,, 1 3X, D Fig.8 Comparison between Collfiguration Factorsby Fanger and by the Aut hors ; Lower Front WaU. 一 94 一

4 らの研究を同一次元で比較できるよう, 矩形面の辺長 を, 人体と矩形面との問の距離より無次元化した位置 関係よる形態係数の値の変化を示す図表を作成した それを Fig.7 18 示す 矩形面と人体との間の距離 よって, 無次元化された矩形面の辺長の比が定まれ ば,Fanger らよる人体と矩形面との間の形態係数は, た S ひとつしか求められないが, 本研究の結果は, 人体 と矩形面との間の距離毎値が求められる これは, 人 体と矩形面との間の距離よって, 人体各部のみえがか りが異なるためと考えられるからである 正面壁上方あたる矩形面おいて, 両者の形態係数 の値の差は, ほとんどみられないが, その他の面では, 両者の形態係数の値の差があらわれている すなわち, Fig 1 ( 側面前側下方 ) では, 二つの形態係数の偏差の 百分率は x1d =3 で, 約 % であり, Fig 1 ( 天井 面前側 ) では, 形態係数の実数値の差は.l となり, 両者の値の偏差の百分率は約 11 % となっている 床面 1 nco.86 茫乙 α6 ζ 歪 8 α4hlz 1 3DIX Fig.11 Comparison between Colユ丘 guratioll Fa じtors by Fanger and by the Authors ; Upper Side Wal 且, Rear. りく亠 岸く = Z Q. 鯨 一呻一 r, 一一一一冖曹一一匿. 一 F 旦 ngrau 7 γ 壮 hor X 零 1m X 旨 m x 量 3m WX = Q5 卜 錠 Z,1 p8 6 謬融 脳 6 Z 加 一一一一一呷一!A ノ FangerAut 鈩 レめ r X1m X 詈 m 一卩一卩一 F 一 ロ嘘一 一闇 一塾 弔 wx 冨 q3 1 3 DX Fig.9 Comparison between ConfigurationFactors by Fatlger alld by the Authors ; Upper Side Wall,Front, ヒ 1 3Dix Fig.1 ))mparison betwee エ L Co 面 guration FaCtors by FaIlger and by the Authors ; Lower Slde Wall,Rear. α 5.B 匿 Z9.6 トく Φ 矼 Z.1 4 幽一 曽幽 Far 旧 r 一一 Author 一幽 _ 態 x m X= 1m 一一一., 匿卩 一. も 1 3D!X,wX3 β Fig.1 Comparisou between Conf guration FaCtors by Fanger and by the Authors ; Lower Side WaIl,FTont 匿 z 6 をぼ 8 4 琶り. o o β 気 r TT 甲冒 F 邑 nger 唱一一一 Authpr D 1 D= n 一國幽鹽幽一 m D = 3m つシ, ゴ蒼ノ 1 3XtD Y D 旨 D,5 Fig.13 Comparison betwecn α )nfiguratioll Factors by Fa 皿 gor and by the Authors ; Upper Rear Wa11. 一 95

5 o.1 毎 o 8 謹 α6 纛寔 8ao4 琶, Q く L6 Z 嗣トく 一臨 Z り.1 o.1 () 8Q 4 1 3XID 量 9.14 C parison between (])n 且 gura ヒ lon Factors by Fanger and by the Authors ; Lower Rear Wal1. α 卜 く,1 q8 Z9 6 トく Z q 4 曾 一. 一 卿 z 影 刃 V = t5,,f 暫,,, X V= 1 ρ 一 8 := 鷲呂 ;Y 1m 一一 Y コ rh 1 3D V Fig.15 (hmparisen between Corifigur ati oin Factors by Fanger and by the Authors; Front Ceiling. ト く Z.1 α8 6 譯 4 記 Z o 軋 評, 卩 r, 卩 一一彡づ 暫, 暫一卩,., 卩イノ げ, 拶一 一齟冖一 門 ギ早 Fap 甲 r 一メ u 一冒一 r 甘 = 量 V 呂 巾 冥 V 冨 15x Ψ 昌 DIY Fig.16 Comparison 1 etween Gon 丘 guratiorl Fac 加 )rs by Fanger and by the Au 血 ors ; Rear Ceillng. 一 96 一 D,V Fig.1 了 Co 皿 parison between Configuratio1 ユ Factors by Fallgerand by the Authors ; Front Floor, Pi 鬘 屋蛋盞 で o 置蓉 11 F 濠 劫 41 函 r 〆 x Y 冒 5.1, 卩 φ 1 ノ X Y 旨 5Y = β m Y Cbmparison between ( 沁 n 且 guratioll Factors by Fanger and by the Authors ; Rear Floor. の場合では, さら大きい差が認められ,Fig.18 では, D y :4 の場合, 偏差の百分率は, 約 4 % も達して いる これは, 人体と矩形面との距離が.6m と短い ため, よくあらわれていると考えられる これは両者の形態係数算出の理論と方法よる差と考えられる これらの点ついて以下述べる Fig.19 おいて, r が d と等しいとして考える 人体対して, 点 P を 中心としてつくられる, 半径 7 の半球面上の投射面積は 丑〆である 面砥ヒへのハガの投射面積 Ap との関 係は次式となる 4 〆 = 諞ノ 1 ガ cos β ヵ i 噸 i r 卩 ( ) 従って, 点 P と人体 S との問の形態係数 9p. s は次 式となる げ翌一 君 β 事 一 ( ) Fanger らは, 上式中の Ap を用いず, 概念的

6 side 1 ( 乙 s 5 旺 da prejeetioncamra Fig.19 Geometry forthe Law of S61id Angle ProjectionApplicd te Relation between asolid Angle P 蛎 e tion Camera, は, 平行光線よる, 人体を平面投射した投射面積 s Fp ),. を用いている すなわち次式を用いた げ F s β 一 讐巽 点 P と人体との間の距離が十分大きければ, Fpr Ap としても実用上使用できる しかし点 f と人体と の間の距離が小さい場合は ( 人体モデルとしての直方 体対する形態係数で, すで検討したよう le ) 面と人 体との距離が 5m 付近以下 ) Fig.7 18 示したよう, 形態係数の値は異なってくるのである Fpr と Ap との違いを, 模式的 F 三 g. 示す 一方, 人体と矩形面との問の距離が異なれば, Fanger らの与えた形態係数の対称性は成立しえない場合があ 一 彩 \ Fig. Diagrain fo エ compar 正 son betwecn a projected 一 D 謡 nrea to a heiili sphere Ap and a projected area to a plane Fpro. Y バ 螺舞嶷一 _, 端卩 o 一 ts P 一 τ 8 IFF SR, 厂 F1 ギ 〆 閲 ー Y Fig.1 Geomctry betwee ロ the humallb dy and in a typical space. each plane Fig. Diagrath for visible extellts of a human bqdy fro 皿 point A, B, C and a infinite polnt. る すなわち, Fig.1 おいて,Fanger らは CF と FR, CR と FF, F と R, R と F, SF と SRr および SR と SFt のそれぞれの組合せの面は, 入体対して同 じ位置関係あるとしてい て, 入体対する形態係数を 求めるようしている しかし人体は, 正中線対して の左右の対称性しかないと考えられる ( 厳密言えば完 全対称とは言えないが ) Fig. 一例を上げてい る 投射面積は無限の距離からの平行光線での投射であ るので, 図中の 1 側あるいは皿側のいつれの側からの投 射でも等しい値となる しかし点 A と点 B は人体対し て, それぞれ 工側 皿側あり人体中心からの距離も等 しいが, 点 A および点 B からの人体の見える部分が異な る すなわち, それぞれの立体角投射率が異なり, 形態 係数も異なる値となる また, 同じ 側であっても, 点 C からの人体が見える部分は, らず, 点 B の場合とは等しくな 点と人体との間の形態係数は入体と点との間の距 離 ( 最終的は人体と面との間の距離 ) 依存してい ことがわかると考えられる 以上より, 本研究で求めた形態係数は, 人体と矩形面 との間の距離が, 人体比較して十分大きくない場 合, 特床面や天井面, 対して有効であると考えられる Fanger らの結果は, 入体対して十分広い空間 での利用適していると考えられる 5. おわり 人体と矩形面との間の形態係数を, 椅座裸体の場合 っいて実測を行い求めた 裸体の場合の有効ふく射面積 率は.75 が得られた Fanger らの研究との比較考察では, 算出理論つい ての違いと, 実際使用しうる揚合ついての長所およ び限界っいて示した 今後は, より多くのデータの収集と姿勢 着衣量など よる違いついて検討してゆくことが必要であると考 一 $7 る

7 えられる 本研究を行うあたり, ご協力頂い た東京工業大学建 築学科旧小林 ( 陽 ) 研究室の方々謝意を表します 引用文献 1 ) 堀越哲美 宮原英男 小林陽太郎 : 人体と矩形面との間の形態係数および入体の有効ふく射面積関する研究 1. 算出理論と椅座着衣の揚合の実測, 目本建築学会論文報 告集, 第 68 号, p.19, 昭和 53 年 ) DuBois,D.and DuBois,E.F, : The Measurementof the Su エ face Area of Man,Archlves of Interna Medi clnes 15,pp.868, ) Bohnenkamp,H.und Pa 即 ay,w.:untersu 痴 nungen zu den Grunglagendes Energie und Stoffwechsels. 皿 Mitteilung,PflUger s Archiv fur die Gesamte Physio logie, Bd.8,pp.79, ユ ) Bandow,F.und Bohnenkamp,H. Uber die Bestim : mung der StrahlungsflEchedes Mens (inen aus Seiner Elektrischen Kapazitat,PfiUger s Archiv fttr die Gesamte Physiologie,Bd.36, pp.47, ) Be 改 ford,t. : The EffectiveRadiating Stirface of the Human Body.Journalof Hygine,Vol.XXXV,No,3, pp.33, ) Winslow,C. EA et al. The Determination : of Ra diation and Convection Exchanges by Partitional Calorimetry.American Jou 皿 u of Physiology,Vo1. 116,No.3,pp.669,1936. W 三 nslow,c. E,A.et al. : Heat Exchange and Regula. tion in Radiant Environ 皿 ts above and below Air Temperature.Ameri (taln Journalof Physiology,VoL 131,No.1,pp.79,194, 7 ) Hardy,J.D.and DuBQis,E.F. Basul Metabolism :, R 且 diatiqn,(bnvection and Vaporization at Tempera tures of to 35.Journalof Nutrition,Vol,15, pp.477, ) Guibert,A.and Taylor,C.L. Radiation Area : of the Human Body.Journalof Appl 三 ed PhysiQIQgy,Vo1,5, pp.4, ) Fanger, P. et al. : Radiation Data for the Huma ロ Body,ASHRAE Transactions Vo1.76 1,pp.338, ) Horlkoshi, T : and Kobayashi, Y. : Con 五 guratio 且 FaCters between a Rectangular Solid as a Mode 里 of the Human Body and Re rtangular planes,f(rr Evalua tion of the In 伽 ence of Thermal Radiation on the Humall Body. 1.Characteristics of hn 丘 guration Factrs for the ReCtangular Solids.Tra 皿 sactlons of the ArchitecturalI 皿 stitute of Japan No.67,May, p.91,1978. 一. 98 一

8 ArchitecturalInstitute Institute of Japan UDC:697.1f Trans. of AJJ. H7Nptsu\ksevarkWthes No. 3, DeceTnber ee3g mait57ep1a CNFIGURATIN FACTRS BE[IIWEEN THE HUMAN BDY AND RECTANGULAR PI.ANES AND THE EFFECTIVE RADIATIN AREA F THE HUMAN BDY Part ll Measurement of the nude subject and discussions of configuration fadtors ' ' by Dr. 7k,tsumi HRIKSHI'k' and Dr. Ybtaro KBAYASHI"*, ' Members of AIJ. 1. Introduction In the authors' previous paper the configuration factorsof the sedentary clothed subject were me,asured. The present study treats the effective radiation area and the configuratidn factorsof a sedentary nude subject, then discussesthe previous and present results. Fanger proposed the configurafionfactorswhich regarded the human body as the element object. n the contrtiy the authors consider a httman body as an object which has a finite size. The authors' configuration fqctors,which is deseribed above, are necessary to more accurate calculation of the mean radiant temperature, when the distance from the human body to a plane is relatively short oompared with the body size. This paper discusses this subject.. Experimental arrangement astd res"lts The measurements were performed by the same method mentioned as in the previous paper. The same subject as that study was adoped. His Physicaldata are shown in Table.1. Geometry of the rneasurement is illustrated in Figure 1. The distanoesfrom the center of subject to every wall and ceiling were set to 1meter, and the distancebetween the bedy and a floorwas,6metgrs. The results of the measurernents and the calculations of the effective radiation area and the shown in Table and Figures 1 to 6 respectively. configuration factorsare 3. Discussions of the effeetiye radiation area It is dimcult to compare directlythe effeetive radiation area of the previous results of other researchers with those of tlie authors. Se that comparison was carried out by means of the effective radiation area factor which is based on DuBois' body surface area. There are two previous studies which can be the objects of this comparison, i.e. Guibert'swork and Fanger's results. In both cases of sedentary nude and clothed subjects iiltledifferenceswere found, and they are considered to results from the influeneeof posture and differencein physique 4. Discussioms of the cenfiguration factors respectively for both cases. Table5shows the comparison of the configuration factorsof rmde and clothed cases at equigeometries, Little differenceswere found between oonfiguration factorsof the two cases. The present results are compared with Fanger's resuus by means of the dimensionless geometricnl relation, which consists of the ratios of t,he s;de Iengthsto the d;tstaneebetween thc center of the bod.vand the plhne. These results fire compared in Figures 7 to!.',).fanger iniroducedthe configurfition factors of the human body which is regarded as an infinitesimally small element. n the other hand the authors regard the humun body as an object which has a finite size. Accordingly,in Fanger's results the configurationfactoris determined uniqug.iy, if the two ratio-t of the two..side lengths of a rectangu.1-ar. * Reseamh Assoeiate of Toyohashi Unlversity of Technology. Department of Regional Plann{ng ** Professorof Toyohashi UniycrsityoE Techllolegy.Department of Regional?lanning -Mbrary NII-Electronic99 Library

9 ArchitecturalInstitute Institute of Japan plqne to the distanceare given. However, in the present study, the corresponding configuration factots are decided as different values to differentdistances,even if their raties are common. That is, they depend on the distancebetween the human body and a rectangular plane. Deviations of Fanger's values from the configuration factorsin 'the present study are as follews; typically percents for ratio X7D= 3 as shown in Figure 1 and 4 percents for ratio DIY=4 as shown in Figure 18. For'a floor, a large deviationup to 4 percents may yield because the distanceis as short as.6meters and it results from the above-mentioned differencein the two cases, As a result,. the difference is concentrated. to on the theory of phetegraphic method as follows, Supposing r= d in Figure 19, the equation ()expresses a projected area Ap" which is measured by the orthographic projection camera in the author's study. Consequently, the configuration factorbetween a point p and the human body is expressed in equation (3). Fanger did not adopt Ap' in equation (3), instead the projectedarea FpFo, which is an projegted area of the human bgdy to a plane by an grdinary camera, is used. If the distancebetween the human body and a point on a rectangular plane was relatively long, then Fpro is approximately equal to Ap', but ifit is relatively short, then Fpro cannot be approximated by Ap'. There is a case that symmetry given by Fanger is not applicable. In Figure 1 the following connbinationswere symmetric geotnetries by Fanger : CF-FR, CR-FF, F-R', R-F', SF-SR' and SR-SFi. As sbown in Figure, projected areas from side I ufid side I are equal to each other if they are 'of projeetea by paralleltight, However, it is clear that a projection a body from a point A is hot eqtihl''to that from an opti66ite point B which is equal distanee to A. The present configutation factors considering a body as a finitesize object are more suitable fdr calculation of the mean radiant temperaturg. in relatively srnall spaces 'body and for estimation of thermal radiative heat exchange between the human and a floor. ' NII-Electronic Library

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