Mission Operations Design of a SAR Small Satellite-based Ondemand Disaster Response System Takashi HIRAMATSU, Seiko SHIRASAKA, Keiichi HIRAKO, Shusaku YAMAURA Keio University
Lots of Disasters Background Earthquake, Tsunami, Typhoon, Volcano Initial Assessment of Damages = Slow Dangerous to send human Remote Sensing Has Limitations Slow Rescue Operations
Disaster Response Scenario: Example A Large Area Hit by a disaster Authorities make a quick assessment of damages and plan a rescue operation Execute operation
Baseline Requirement Within 5 Hours: Anything Within 8 Hours: 1m GSD Plan to send units Where (damages)? Which route (road buried, bridge collapsed)? *National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED)
Existing Approaches and Limitations On-site investigation Rapid, Detailed, Narrow, Dangerous, Affected by weather & day/night Remote Sensing (UAV) Rapid, Detailed, Middle, Affected by weather & day/night Remote Sensing (Satellite + SAR) Slow, Rough, Wide, Unaffected by weather & day/night
Existing Approaches and Limitations On-site investigation Rapid, Detailed, Narrow, Dangerous, Affected by weather & day/night Remote Sensing (UAV) So what if Satellite + SAR can acquire Rapid, Detailed, Middle, Affected by weather & day/night sufficiently rapid and detailed information Remote Sensing (Satellite + SAR) Slow, Rough, Wide, Unaffected by weather & day/night
Concept of Operations
Concept of Operations Mission Operations Design of a SAR Small Satellite-based On-demand Disaster Response System Disaster (Volcano) Independent of weather, day & night
Concept of Operations Mission Operations Design of a SAR Small Satellite-based On-demand Disaster Response System Launch On-demand Launch Disaster (Volcano) Independent of weather, day & night
Mission Operations Design of a SAR Small Satellite-based On-demand Disaster Response System Concept of Operations Launch On-demand Launch Disaster Volcano 口永良部島 Independent of weather, day & night 広域観測
Mission Operations Design of a SAR Small Satellite-based On-demand Disaster Response System Concept of Operations Orbit Injection/ Observation Launch Prompt Observation On-demand Launch Disaster Volcano 口永良部島 Independent of weather, day & night 広域観測
Mission Operations Design of a SAR Small Satellite-based On-demand Disaster Response System Concept of Operations Orbit Injection/ Observation Data Downlink Data Downlink Launch Prompt Observation On-demand Launch High Speed Downlink Disaster Volcano 口永良部島 Independent of weather, day & night 広域観測
Mission Operations Design of a SAR Small Satellite-based On-demand Disaster Response System Concept of Operations Orbit Injection/ Observation Data Downlink Data Downlink Launch Prompt Observation On-demand Launch High Speed Downlink Disaster Volcano Situational Awareness/Response 口永良部島 1m Resolution Analysis Independent of weather, day & night 広域観測
Mission Operations Design of a SAR Small Satellite-based On-demand Disaster Response System Concept of Operations Orbit Injection/ Observation Data Downlink Launch Prompt Observation On-demand Launch High Speed Downlink Disaster Volcano Situational Awareness/Response 口永良部島 1m Resolution Analysis Independent of weather, day & night 広域観測 Response
Project Scope SAR Payload Prototype
Project Scope Prototype SAR Payload Demonstrate SAR Technology Suitable for Small Satellites
Project Scope Proof-of- Concept SAR Payload Prototype Satellite System
Project Scope Proof-of- Concept SAR Payload Prototype Satellite System Demonstrate Small Satellite Capability to Rapidly Acquire & Downlink Mission Data
Project Scope Proof-of- Concept SAR Payload Prototype Satellite System User System Data Downlink Launch System Ground System Conceptual Design
Project Scope Proof-of- Concept SAR Payload Prototype Satellite System Identify & Improve Design Specifications for Total System to Support Practical Missions User System Data Downlink Launch System Ground System Conceptual Design
Satellite 100-kg class Mission Life: 2 periods ~ 6 months ~ 5 years 1m GSD@300km Al-tude, VV Polariza-on 5m 0.75m Z Y X 0.5m 0.75m Thin solar cell SAR antenna 0.7m
Mission Sequence (Tentative) Request Rocket Preparation (60min) Rocket Integration (30min) Launch Preparation (60min) Final Checkout, Lift Off (30min) Satellite Deploy (20min) Satellite Initialization (20min) Observation (5min) Downlink (3min) Data Processing, data provision (10min) 50min from launch to downlink 4 hours from fequest to data submission
Potential Needs Type Observation Needs damage to building, land subsidence, soil liquefaction, damage to crops Spatial Resolution The shortest [hr] Frequen cy 1~10m 3 ~ 6 - Earthquake terrein change 10m 3 ~ 6 as often as possible Volcano terrein change 3 ~ 24 - Ash covered area cinder location collapsed area snow cover terrein change Early damage assessment 0.1m~10m 3 ~ 24 daily 1m ~ 1km 3 ~ 24 daily ~ monthly
Potential Needs (cont d) Type Wind/Flood Maritime/ Coastal Disaster response operations Observation Needs damaged area, land availability Damage to crops flooded area damge to dam, water leakage Oil leakage distribution, oil removal planning oil removal assessment Spatial Resolution The shortest [hr] Freque ncy ~1m 3 ~ 12 daily 50m 100~ 1000m 3 ~ 12 daily 3 3~6 hourly - 50m 3 hourly damage to buildings 5~20m 3 ~ 12 -
Identifying Requirements (ongoing) Operational Requirements Payload (e.g., VV vs. HH) Satellite (e.g., Autonomy) Users (e.g., Data I/F)
Unknowns & Bottlenecks Launch Service Dedicated? Always Ready? Ground Station Dedicated? Always Ready? Data Analysis Time to Process SAR Data Time to analyze SAR Data Time Taken on User Side (response planning and execution)
Conclusion SAR payload/satellite currently under developed/design based on initial requirements Requirements analysis continued for both demonstration mission and practical mission Discussion with potential users continued to improve mission operations design Acknowledgement This research was funded by ImPACT Program of Council for Science Technology and Innovation, Japan.