No. 29 October 2017 John Manjirō, Hirano Renzō and the Ogasawara Islands: A Study on Western-style Whaling in the Late Edo Period Ken ichi Goto The Ogasawara or Bonin Islands and the internationally famous Japan Ground with its sperm whales were a major center for international whaling after the early 19 th century. In particular, Chichi-jima, where the first Westerners and the Kanaka ethnic group from Hawaii settled in 1830, took on important functions as an essential watering and fueling post for Western whaling ships in the area north of Guam and Saipan. During the long period of the closed country policy, Japan restricted foreign interactions, however after lifting the restrictions in 1860s, the Tokugawa Shogunate engaged in continual negotiations with both Britain and the United States over territorial rights to the islands. In addition, Japan started pursuing economic profit in this region, adapting modern whaling technology from other countries, and gradually considering the islands as a vital front line for coastal defense. Based on this international environment and Japanese foreign policy, this article empirically examines the following two issues. First, it explores the actual conditions of whaling in the late Edo period and the dawn of the Meiji period with special attention to the role of John Manjirō, a castaway who advocated adapting modern whaling technology and was appointed as the government official for whaling, and Renzō Hirano, a wealthy shipping agent from Niigata prefecture. Second, the article examines the socio-economic meaning of whales and whaling for the Ogasawara islands, which Japan officially possessed from 1876. 2016 10 12 320 1784 1 9 1876 10 17 1861 1

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